Exam 7: Learning From Experience

Fran wants to teach her dog to sit.Initially she gives her dog a "treat" anytime he even lifts his head and looks at her.Eventually she plans to only give him treats when he actually looks up and sits at the same time.Based on what is known about operant conditioning, you should conclude that Fran plans to train her dog using the process known as:

Positive reinforcement leads to an increase in the tendency to produce a specific response.

In classical conditioning, when a novel stimulus produces a response that is different from the response that already occurs to a conditioned stimulus, the process that is at work is referred to as:

We rely on simple learning processes such as habituation to help conserve our limited resources.

Instrumental conditioning is another name for operant conditioning.

Classical conditioning can be thought of as learning:

A helpful technique to prevent the development of taste aversions during chemotherapy is to tell patients to eat:

People and animals engage in ____________________ learning, which involves adopting behaviors that are seen being carried out by others.

According to the theory of operant conditioning, when the removal of a stimulus, after a response has occurred, increases the likelihood of the response's occurring again, the process that is at work is referred to as:

With operant conditioning, when a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement is in place, a response will only be reinforced after:

In Pavlov's classical conditioning experiments, the dog's salivating following the sounding of a the bell was:

Barry watched his friend Sydney answer one of the questions that the professor posed to the entire class.When the professor heard Sydney's thoughtful answer, he stopped lecturing and directed the entire class to look at her.The professor flattered Sydney for her sophisticated answer.Barry decided that the next time the professor asked a question, he would try to answer it.

In operant conditioning, ____________________ involves providing reinforcement for successive approximations to a desired response.

An orienting stimulus produced sensitization instead of habituation.The stimulus probably was:

When Selma was five years old she, was terrified and became hysterical when her older brother dropped a spider down her shirt.Today, even the sight of a rubber spider is enough to make her agitated and uneasy.In this example of classical conditioning, having the spider dropped down her shirt by her older brother is:

In classical conditioning, the unconditioned response is:

The natural tendency to imitate the behavior of significant others is known as:

Superstitious behaviors are often very resistant to extinction because they tend to be reinforced on:

Discuss the research conducted by the Brelands.Explain how their research illustrates the limitations that biological factors might impose on operant conditioning.

With operant conditioning, a partial reinforcement schedule is one in which: