Exam 7: Learning From Experience

The pigeon is still pecking the key at a steady, rapid pace, even though no reinforcement has been given for a long time.The pigeon probably was trained on a:

Bernstein applied principles of classical conditioning to the study of taste aversion in young patients undergoing chemotherapy.The children were given some unusually flavored ice cream just before the chemotherapy.Later, the children showed an aversion to that flavor of ice cream.In this example of classical conditioning, the queasiness to the ice cream was:

In a(n) ____________________ schedule, reinforcement is delivered for the first response that occurs after a set, unchanging amount of time.

A decline in the tendency to respond to an event following repeated exposure to the event is referred to as:

Karl has been trying to reach Myra for 45 minutes, but her phone is busy.He redials every few minutes, but he still hasn't been able to get through.Based on what is known about schedules of reinforcement, you should conclude that Karl's redialing is being reinforced based on a:

According to the theory of operant conditioning, ____________________ refers to anything that decreases the likelihood of a response's occurring again.

Every time Erwin cried, his father would immediately pick him up and he would stop crying.Now almost as soon as Erwin's dad gets home from work, he picks Erwin up.Based on what is known about operant conditioning, you should conclude that for Erwin's father, when the crying stopped it acted as:

Natika had been working at Abercrombie Industries for six months when her boss asked to see her in his office.She thought he wanted to talk about a promotion, so she was quite excited.However, instead of giving her a promotion, the boss told Natika she was being laid off as a result of company downsizing.Natika could feel her heart pounding as she listened to the news.Natika was able to find a new job, but every time her new boss asks to talk to her in private, Natika feels a little faint.In this example of classical conditioning, her pounding heart when her old boss delivered the bad news to Natika is:

Earl can't figure out how to work his new calculator, so Julienne shows him the steps he needs to follow to work through the problems.Based on what is known about learning, you should conclude that Earl improved his calculator skills through the process known as:

Psychologists use the term ____________________ to refer to the procedure in which the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly, after conditioning, but it is no longer followed by the unconditioned stimulus.

Antonio feels good whenever he sees his favorite supermodel in a magazine or on television.Recently, this supermodel started advertising for a long-distance telephone provider.Now Antonio finds he also has positive feelings about the long-distance telephone company that the supermodel advertises.Antonio's positive feelings toward the long-distance service provider illustrate the classical conditioning process referred to as:

Evander developed a(n) ____________________ act when once while playing ball, he saw a piece of gum on his shoe as he stepped up to the plate for his turn at bat.He tapped his shoe three times before the gum fell off, then he kicked the gum to one side.When the pitcher threw the ball, Evander hit a home run.Now he ensures that he taps his shoe three times and kicks the ground once before every swing.

With operant conditioning, if a response will only be reinforced after an unpredictable period of time has elapsed, the type of reinforcement schedule that is in place is referred to as a:

Psychologists use the term ____________________ to refer to something that increases likelihood of responding in a similar way again.

In classical conditioning, the conditioned response is:

Geraldine used to really notice the smell of kitty litter when she went to visit her new neighbors, and she tried not to stay too long at their house.Now, she doesn't notice the smell at all when she visits.Geraldine's change in responsiveness illustrates the learning process known as:

After months of work, Phil's conditioned fear of flying finally disappeared.However, his fear suddenly reappeared.His renewed fear probably represents:

In the wild, newly weaned rats acquire their eating habits by eating only what they have seen older rats eat.Based on what is known about learning, you should conclude that these rats are acquiring their eating habits through the process known as:

A monkey has learned through classical conditioning that if a buzzer sounds it's feeding time.When the buzzer sounds, the monkey runs rapidly to where the bananas will be placed in the cage.If a bell is now paired with the buzzer, what will happen?

Gia has learned that if the TV is tuned to a football game, asking her father to take her to the park always results in the answer "No." If the TV is off, her father almost always answers "Yes." The status of the TV is an example of a: