Question 1

A reward will reliably increase responding, while a reinforcer will increase responding only occasionally.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which of the following developed techniques to shape the behavior of pigeons within a conditioning chamber that bears his name?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ivan Pavlov 
B)  B. F. Skinner 
C)  John B. Watson 
D)  Albert Bandura 
A)  Ivan Pavlov 
B)  B. F. Skinner 
C)  John B. Watson 
D)  Albert Bandura

Question 3

In observational learning, a person who serves as an example for the observer is referred to as the

Accepted Answer

A) antecedent. 
B) instigator. 
C) model. 
D) exemplar. 
A) antecedent. 
B) instigator. 
C) model. 
D) exemplar.

Question 4

The key to any self-management program is

Accepted Answer

A) self-recording because it provides feedback. 
B) social support because it provides positive reinforcement needed. 
C) punishment because it helps you decrease the unwanted behavior. 
D) adjusting your schedule because it is important to be flexible. 
A) self-recording because it provides feedback. 
B) social support because it provides positive reinforcement needed. 
C) punishment because it helps you decrease the unwanted behavior. 
D) adjusting your schedule because it is important to be flexible.

Question 5

When using punishment to teach a person that a response is wrong, one should

Accepted Answer

A) also reward an alternate, desired response. 
B) use a strong punisher to make it effective. 
C) make the punisher non-contingent on the undesirable behavior. 
D) impose a sense of danger to strengthen the effectiveness of the punishment. 
A) also reward an alternate, desired response. 
B) use a strong punisher to make it effective. 
C) make the punisher non-contingent on the undesirable behavior. 
D) impose a sense of danger to strengthen the effectiveness of the punishment.

Question 6

It is much more effective to

Accepted Answer

A) punish unwanted behaviors than it is to reinforce desirable behaviors. 
B) reinforce desirable behaviors than it is to punish unwanted behaviors. 
C) use punishment for unwanted behaviors than to use nonreinforcement by ignoring them. 
D) use a combination of punishment and extinction than to use reinforcement. 
A) punish unwanted behaviors than it is to reinforce desirable behaviors. 
B) reinforce desirable behaviors than it is to punish unwanted behaviors. 
C) use punishment for unwanted behaviors than to use nonreinforcement by ignoring them. 
D) use a combination of punishment and extinction than to use reinforcement.

Question 7

Regarding the use of punishment for training or discipline, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) The overall emotional adjustment of a child or pet disciplined mainly by reward is usually superior to one disciplined mainly by punishment. 
B) Using punishment can become "habit forming." 
C) Mild punishment tends to be ineffective if reinforcers for that misbehavior are still available in the situation. 
D) All of these statements are true. 
A) The overall emotional adjustment of a child or pet disciplined mainly by reward is usually superior to one disciplined mainly by punishment. 
B) Using punishment can become "habit forming." 
C) Mild punishment tends to be ineffective if reinforcers for that misbehavior are still available in the situation. 
D) All of these statements are true.

Question 8

With ____________________ conditioning, the antecedents are the most important aspects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of With ____________________ conditioning, the antecedents are the...

Question 9

Events that precede a response are called antecedents, while events that follow a response are called consequences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

To be most effective, punishment should be combined with

Accepted Answer

A) response costs. 
B) mild stimuli. 
C) delayed feedback. 
D) reinforcement. 
A) response costs. 
B) mild stimuli. 
C) delayed feedback. 
D) reinforcement.

Question 11

A problem with the use of punishment is that

Accepted Answer

A) it causes fear, frustration, anxiety, and encourages aggression. 
B) it has little or no power to actually suppress an undesirable response. 
C) negative reinforcement is superior to punishment for suppressing a response. 
D) once begun it cannot be withdrawn. 
A) it causes fear, frustration, anxiety, and encourages aggression. 
B) it has little or no power to actually suppress an undesirable response. 
C) negative reinforcement is superior to punishment for suppressing a response. 
D) once begun it cannot be withdrawn.

Question 12

Although punishment has several drawbacks, it is most effective when

Accepted Answer

A) it occurs several days after the behavior. 
B) the punisher uses reinforcement in addition to punishment. 
C) the punisher exhibits visible anger while punishing. 
D) the behavior is intermittently punished. 
A) it occurs several days after the behavior. 
B) the punisher uses reinforcement in addition to punishment. 
C) the punisher exhibits visible anger while punishing. 
D) the behavior is intermittently punished.

Question 13

Describe three problems that occur as punishment increases in severity.

Accepted Answer

Answer includes the following three prob

Question 14

Memory, thinking, problem-solving, and the use of concepts and language are all involved in

Accepted Answer

A) operant learning. 
B) instrumental conditioning. 
C) response-dependent learning. 
D) cognitive learning. 
A) operant learning. 
B) instrumental conditioning. 
C) response-dependent learning. 
D) cognitive learning.

Question 15

Elizabeth no longer has a difficult time finding her way around the new mall because after several visits she has developed a(n) _____ of the mall.

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive map 
B) behavioral contract 
C) ablation 
D) projective assessment 
A) cognitive map 
B) behavioral contract 
C) ablation 
D) projective assessment

Question 16

Punishment is often a bad idea in modifying behavior because it

Accepted Answer

A) has no effect on most people. 
B) takes too long to take effect. 
C) can increase aggression. 
D) is ineffective in suppressing undesirable behavior. 
A) has no effect on most people. 
B) takes too long to take effect. 
C) can increase aggression. 
D) is ineffective in suppressing undesirable behavior.

Question 17

Self-recording is important in managing your own behavior because

Accepted Answer

A) you cannot learn anything without rewards. 
B) simply knowing that you are reaching a goal is rewarding. 
C) you need to know when you are over-rewarding yourself. 
D) you need to apply the Premack principle. 
A) you cannot learn anything without rewards. 
B) simply knowing that you are reaching a goal is rewarding. 
C) you need to know when you are over-rewarding yourself. 
D) you need to apply the Premack principle.

Question 18

Stimuli present when an operant response is acquired tend to determine when and where the response is made.This is the principle of ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Stimuli present when an operant response is...

Question 19

In a psychology class, the students have to turn in a topic report every two weeks.Typically, they get in a writing frenzy a couple of days before the report is due; then they do not write anything until right before the next due date.This pattern of responding illustrates the ____________________ schedule of reinforcement in this psychology class.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a psychology class, the students have...

Question 20

Latent learning is most closely associated with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning 
B) cognitive learning 
C) instrumental conditioning 
D) reinforced generalization 
A) classical conditioning 
B) cognitive learning 
C) instrumental conditioning 
D) reinforced generalization

Exam 7: Extension C: Conditioning and Learning

A reward will reliably increase responding, while a reinforcer will increase responding only occasionally.

Which of the following developed techniques to shape the behavior of pigeons within a conditioning chamber that bears his name?

In observational learning, a person who serves as an example for the observer is referred to as the

The key to any self-management program is

When using punishment to teach a person that a response is wrong, one should

It is much more effective to

Regarding the use of punishment for training or discipline, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

With ____________________ conditioning, the antecedents are the most important aspects.

Events that precede a response are called antecedents, while events that follow a response are called consequences.

To be most effective, punishment should be combined with

A problem with the use of punishment is that

Although punishment has several drawbacks, it is most effective when

Describe three problems that occur as punishment increases in severity.

Memory, thinking, problem-solving, and the use of concepts and language are all involved in

Elizabeth no longer has a difficult time finding her way around the new mall because after several visits she has developed a(n) _____ of the mall.

Punishment is often a bad idea in modifying behavior because it

Self-recording is important in managing your own behavior because

Stimuli present when an operant response is acquired tend to determine when and where the response is made.This is the principle of ____________________.

Latent learning is most closely associated with which of the following?

Introduction the Psychology

Extension A: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension C: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension A: Brain and Behavior

Extension B: Brain and Behavior

Extension C: Brain and Behavior

Extension A: Human Development

Extension B: Human Development

Extension C: Human Development

Extension D: Human Development

Extension A: Sensation and Reality

Extension B: Sensation and Reality

Extension A: Perceiving the World

Extension B: Perceiving the World

Extension A: States of Consciousness

Extension B: States of Consciousness

Extension C: States of Consciousness

Extension D: States of Consciousness

Extension A: Conditioning and Learning

Extension B: Conditioning and Learning

Extension A: Memory

Extension B: Memory

Extension C: Memory

Extension A: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension B: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension C: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension D: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension A: Motivation and Emotion

Extension B: Motivation and Emotion

Extension C: Motivation and Emotion

Extension D: Motivation and Emotion

Extension A: Gender and Sexuality

Extension B: Gender and Sexuality

Extension C: Gender and Sexuality

Extension A: Personality

Extension B: Personality

Extension C: Personality

Extension D: Personality

Extension A: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension B: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension C: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension A: Psychological Disorders

Extension B: Psychological Disorders

Extension C: Psychological Disorders

Extension D: Psychological Disorders

Extension A: Therapies

Extension B: Therapies

Extension C: Therapies

Extension D: Therapies

Extension A: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension B: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension C: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension A: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension C: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension A: Applied Psychology

Extension B: Applied Psychology

Extension C: Applied Psychology

Appendix A: Behavioral Statistics