Question 1

Developing a fear of sharks after watching a movie that depicts "man-eating sharks" would have to take place through vicarious classical conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Compared with learning by rote, _____ produces learning that is more lasting and flexible.

Accepted Answer

A) discovery learning 
B) instrumental learning 
C) respondent conditioning 
D) shaping 
A) discovery learning 
B) instrumental learning 
C) respondent conditioning 
D) shaping

Question 3

The process through which a response is taught by rewarding successive approximations to the final desired response is referred to as ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process through which a response is...

Question 4

If you classically conditioned a person to yawn when he or she heard the word "psychology," the word "psychology" would be considered the ____________________ stimulus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you classically conditioned a person to...

Question 5

With older children and adults, you can bridge the delay between the misbehavior and the punishment by

Accepted Answer

A) making the punishment more severe. 
B) waiting until the next instance of misbehavior. 
C) clearly stating what act you are punishing. 
D) doing all of these. 
A) making the punishment more severe. 
B) waiting until the next instance of misbehavior. 
C) clearly stating what act you are punishing. 
D) doing all of these.

Question 6

Before conditioning, Little Albert showed

Accepted Answer

A) no fear of the rat. 
B) excessive fear of the rat. 
C) excessive fear to furry animals. 
D) excessive fear of furry animals as well as furry objects. 
A) no fear of the rat. 
B) excessive fear of the rat. 
C) excessive fear to furry animals. 
D) excessive fear of furry animals as well as furry objects.

Question 7

The Premack principle states that

Accepted Answer

A) primary reinforcers are the best rewards. 
B) secondary reinforcers are the best rewards. 
C) things you like to do can act as rewards. 
D) the entire response must be completed before rewards are most effective. 
A) primary reinforcers are the best rewards. 
B) secondary reinforcers are the best rewards. 
C) things you like to do can act as rewards. 
D) the entire response must be completed before rewards are most effective.

Question 8

As you enter the grocery store, your little daughter Marcy spots a toy at the front of the store and begins to beg for it.According to the textbook, your best course of action would be to

Accepted Answer

A) spank her immediately in front of people so the punishment will have the most effect. 
B) immediately go and buy her a toy and then continue your shopping. 
C) get very angry with her and stay angry with her as long as you are in the store. 
D) ignore the whine and try to engage her in helping you shop. 
A) spank her immediately in front of people so the punishment will have the most effect. 
B) immediately go and buy her a toy and then continue your shopping. 
C) get very angry with her and stay angry with her as long as you are in the store. 
D) ignore the whine and try to engage her in helping you shop.

Question 9

B. F. Skinner was able to train a pigeon to make a complete counterclockwise circle by reinforcing successive approximations to this final goal in a process known as

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus discrimination. 
B)  stimulus generalization. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  shaping. 
A)  stimulus discrimination. 
B)  stimulus generalization. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  shaping.

Question 10

A teen who is punished at home a lot will be gone as much as possible.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning. 
B) modeling. 
C) negative transfer. 
D) avoidance learning. 
A) classical conditioning. 
B) modeling. 
C) negative transfer. 
D) avoidance learning.

Question 11

Today's eight to 18-year-olds spend an average of _____ hours a week engaged with various media, including television, video games, movies, the Internet, music, and print media with television alone consuming _____ hours of this total.

Accepted Answer

A) 21.5; 15 
B) 28.5; 18 
C) 34.5; 20 
D) 44.5; 21 
A) 21.5; 15 
B) 28.5; 18 
C) 34.5; 20 
D) 44.5; 21

Question 12

Which of the following does NOT belong with the other three?

Accepted Answer

A) discovery learning 
B) classical conditioning 
C) latent learning 
D) cognitive learning 
A) discovery learning 
B) classical conditioning 
C) latent learning 
D) cognitive learning

Question 13

Food, water, pain reduction, sex, and brain stimulation are all considered to be primary reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Describe three ways in which conditioning techniques can be used to help people learn how to conserve energy resources.

Accepted Answer

Answers may vary but will include some o

Question 15

Tomas has a habit of taking toys from his little sister.Which of the following would be the best way for Tomas' parents to correct this bad habit?

Accepted Answer

A) Use mild punishment, such as reprimanding Tomas for taking his sister's toys. 
B) Reprimand Tomas for taking his sister's toys, but praise him for cooperative play and sharing his toys with others. 
C) Ignore this habit since all children go through a phase of intense "sibling rivalry." 
D) Use moderate punishment, such as giving his sister's toys back as well as giving her some of Tomas's toys as punishment to Tomas. 
A) Use mild punishment, such as reprimanding Tomas for taking his sister's toys. 
B) Reprimand Tomas for taking his sister's toys, but praise him for cooperative play and sharing his toys with others. 
C) Ignore this habit since all children go through a phase of intense "sibling rivalry." 
D) Use moderate punishment, such as giving his sister's toys back as well as giving her some of Tomas's toys as punishment to Tomas.

Question 16

The fact that rats running a maze will go directly to a food goal box instead of a previously learned longer route indicates that rats

Accepted Answer

A) learn a series of responses only. 
B) learn what turns to take in a maze to get to a reward. 
C) are smarter than monkeys when it comes to finding food. 
D) learn the location of a reward. 
A) learn a series of responses only. 
B) learn what turns to take in a maze to get to a reward. 
C) are smarter than monkeys when it comes to finding food. 
D) learn the location of a reward.

Question 17

Five-year-old Elijah watches his favorite TV superhero pound the villain into the pavement and dreams of doing that to the bully at kindergarten.What factors could lead Elijah to model the TV character's aggression?

Accepted Answer

Answer includes that children are more l

Question 18

Your dog Samantha has learned to salivate to the dinner bell because the bell was associated with food.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning. 
B) operant conditioning. 
C) instrumental learning. 
D) cognitive learning. 
A) classical conditioning. 
B) operant conditioning. 
C) instrumental learning. 
D) cognitive learning.

Question 19

In a recent study, college students played a very violent video game (Mortal Kombat) or a nonviolent one (PGA Tournament Golf) and then competed with another student (actually an actor) in a task that allowed aggression and retaliation to take place.The results indicated that _____ were more likely to aggress by punishing their competitor.

Accepted Answer

A) the college students who played Mortal Kombat 
B) the college students who played PGA Tournament Golf 
C) both groups of college students (Mortal Kombat players or PGA Tournament Golf players) 
D) neither group of college students (Mortal Kombat players or PGA Tournament Golf players) 
A) the college students who played Mortal Kombat 
B) the college students who played PGA Tournament Golf 
C) both groups of college students (Mortal Kombat players or PGA Tournament Golf players) 
D) neither group of college students (Mortal Kombat players or PGA Tournament Golf players)

Question 20

The presentation of an aversive stimulus or the removal of a positive stimulus are both examples of ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The presentation of an aversive stimulus or...

Exam 7: Extension C: Conditioning and Learning

Developing a fear of sharks after watching a movie that depicts "man-eating sharks" would have to take place through vicarious classical conditioning.

Compared with learning by rote, _____ produces learning that is more lasting and flexible.

The process through which a response is taught by rewarding successive approximations to the final desired response is referred to as ____________________.

If you classically conditioned a person to yawn when he or she heard the word "psychology," the word "psychology" would be considered the ____________________ stimulus.

With older children and adults, you can bridge the delay between the misbehavior and the punishment by

Before conditioning, Little Albert showed

The Premack principle states that

As you enter the grocery store, your little daughter Marcy spots a toy at the front of the store and begins to beg for it.According to the textbook, your best course of action would be to

B. F. Skinner was able to train a pigeon to make a complete counterclockwise circle by reinforcing successive approximations to this final goal in a process known as

A teen who is punished at home a lot will be gone as much as possible.This is an example of

Today's eight to 18-year-olds spend an average of _____ hours a week engaged with various media, including television, video games, movies, the Internet, music, and print media with television alone consuming _____ hours of this total.

Which of the following does NOT belong with the other three?

Food, water, pain reduction, sex, and brain stimulation are all considered to be primary reinforcers.

Describe three ways in which conditioning techniques can be used to help people learn how to conserve energy resources.

Tomas has a habit of taking toys from his little sister.Which of the following would be the best way for Tomas' parents to correct this bad habit?

The fact that rats running a maze will go directly to a food goal box instead of a previously learned longer route indicates that rats

Five-year-old Elijah watches his favorite TV superhero pound the villain into the pavement and dreams of doing that to the bully at kindergarten.What factors could lead Elijah to model the TV character's aggression?

Your dog Samantha has learned to salivate to the dinner bell because the bell was associated with food.This is an example of

The presentation of an aversive stimulus or the removal of a positive stimulus are both examples of ____________________.

Introduction the Psychology

Extension A: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension C: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension A: Brain and Behavior

Extension B: Brain and Behavior

Extension C: Brain and Behavior

Extension A: Human Development

Extension B: Human Development

Extension C: Human Development

Extension D: Human Development

Extension A: Sensation and Reality

Extension B: Sensation and Reality

Extension A: Perceiving the World

Extension B: Perceiving the World

Extension A: States of Consciousness

Extension B: States of Consciousness

Extension C: States of Consciousness

Extension D: States of Consciousness

Extension A: Conditioning and Learning

Extension B: Conditioning and Learning

Extension A: Memory

Extension B: Memory

Extension C: Memory

Extension A: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension B: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension C: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension D: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension A: Motivation and Emotion

Extension B: Motivation and Emotion

Extension C: Motivation and Emotion

Extension D: Motivation and Emotion

Extension A: Gender and Sexuality

Extension B: Gender and Sexuality

Extension C: Gender and Sexuality

Extension A: Personality

Extension B: Personality

Extension C: Personality

Extension D: Personality

Extension A: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension B: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension C: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension A: Psychological Disorders

Extension B: Psychological Disorders

Extension C: Psychological Disorders

Extension D: Psychological Disorders

Extension A: Therapies

Extension B: Therapies

Extension C: Therapies

Extension D: Therapies

Extension A: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension B: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension C: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension A: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension C: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension A: Applied Psychology

Extension B: Applied Psychology

Extension C: Applied Psychology

Appendix A: Behavioral Statistics

Today's eight to 18-year-olds spend an average of _ hours a week engaged with various media, including television, video games, movies, the Internet, music, and print media with television alone consuming _ hours of this total.