Question 1

A formal agreement stating behaviors to be changed and consequences that apply is known as

Accepted Answer

A) the Premack principle. 
B) higher order conditioning. 
C) a behavioral contract. 
D) self-recording. 
A) the Premack principle. 
B) higher order conditioning. 
C) a behavioral contract. 
D) self-recording.

Question 2

The basic tools a person has available to control simple learning include

Accepted Answer

A) reward conditioning. 
B) acquisition. 
C) generalization. 
D) punishment. 
A) reward conditioning. 
B) acquisition. 
C) generalization. 
D) punishment.

Question 3

Regarding the findings on modeled aggression, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Repeated exposure to violence desensitizes individuals, making them less likely to react negatively to violence and, hence, more prone to engage in it. 
B) Canada, Norway, and Switzerland have restricted the amount of permissible violence on television. 
C) Children and young adults who play violent video games were much more likely to show aggression toward others. 
D) All of these statements are true. 
A) Repeated exposure to violence desensitizes individuals, making them less likely to react negatively to violence and, hence, more prone to engage in it. 
B) Canada, Norway, and Switzerland have restricted the amount of permissible violence on television. 
C) Children and young adults who play violent video games were much more likely to show aggression toward others. 
D) All of these statements are true.

Question 4

Brian's parents use frequent punishment for his misbehavior at home.Which of the following is most likely to be true?

Accepted Answer

A) Brian is a quiet, model child at school. 
B) Brian often gets into trouble for fighting at school. 
C) Brian is a compliant child but makes poor grades. 
D) The amount of physical punishment at home has no effect on a child's behavior at school. 
A) Brian is a quiet, model child at school. 
B) Brian often gets into trouble for fighting at school. 
C) Brian is a compliant child but makes poor grades. 
D) The amount of physical punishment at home has no effect on a child's behavior at school.

Question 5

Facts or principles gained by insight or understanding describe

Accepted Answer

A) rote learning. 
B) observational learning. 
C) vicarious reinforcement. 
D) discovery learning. 
A) rote learning. 
B) observational learning. 
C) vicarious reinforcement. 
D) discovery learning.

Question 6

When Erica broke her curfew, her parents took away all of her phone and car privileges for a week.Erica's parents are using the type of punishment known as ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When Erica broke her curfew, her parents...

Question 7

Your dog jumps up on you when you get home; and you eliminate this behavior by ignoring the dog when it jumps on you.The ignoring of the response would be an example of operant extinction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

After undergoing extinction, the dinner bell was presented the next day, and Samantha the dog began to salivate again to this stimulus, illustrating

Accepted Answer

A) instrumental learning. 
B) stimulus generalization. 
C) response chaining. 
D) spontaneous recovery. 
A) instrumental learning. 
B) stimulus generalization. 
C) response chaining. 
D) spontaneous recovery.

Question 9

Which of the following theorists believed that anything that can be learned from direct experience can be learned through observation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Albert Bandura 
B)  B.F. Skinner 
C)  John B. Watson 
D)  Ivan Pavlov 
A)  Albert Bandura 
B)  B.F. Skinner 
C)  John B. Watson 
D)  Ivan Pavlov

Question 10

You have never played baseball before, but you know most of the rules from watching games on TV.This illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) instrumental learning. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) latent learning. 
D) respondent conditioning. 
A) instrumental learning. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) latent learning. 
D) respondent conditioning.

Question 11

Annie is being noisy and disrespectful, and her mother gives her a "swat" on her rear end.Annie immediately gets quiet.The next time Annie is being noisy and disrespectful, her mother is most likely to use punishment again.According to research, which of the following is a FALSE statement regarding the use of punishment?

Accepted Answer

A) Annie's mother will "swat" her again because this punishment worked well the last time. 
B) Annie's resulting silence was negatively reinforcing for her mother 
C) "Sparing the rod" on Annie would have resulted in her becoming a "spoiled" child. 
D) The overall emotional adjustment of a child disciplined by reward will usually be superior to one disciplined by punishment. 
A) Annie's mother will "swat" her again because this punishment worked well the last time. 
B) Annie's resulting silence was negatively reinforcing for her mother 
C) "Sparing the rod" on Annie would have resulted in her becoming a "spoiled" child. 
D) The overall emotional adjustment of a child disciplined by reward will usually be superior to one disciplined by punishment.

Question 12

Learning that occurs without obvious reinforcement and remains hidden until reinforcement is provided is known as

Accepted Answer

A) instrumental learning. 
B) latent learning. 
C) covert conditioning. 
D) respondent conditioning. 
A) instrumental learning. 
B) latent learning. 
C) covert conditioning. 
D) respondent conditioning.

Question 13

You are a very good bowler now, but you did not start out that way.Your father reinforced you for each small improvement you made over several months.This process is known as shaping.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The basic tools available to control simple learning work best when used

Accepted Answer

A) independently. 
B) in combination. 
C) randomly across situations. 
D) successively until one finally works. 
A) independently. 
B) in combination. 
C) randomly across situations. 
D) successively until one finally works.

Question 15

Feedback from self-recording can

Accepted Answer

A) help you decrease bad habits. 
B) help you increase desirable responses. 
C) be motivating as you begin to make progress. 
D) do all of these. 
A) help you decrease bad habits. 
B) help you increase desirable responses. 
C) be motivating as you begin to make progress. 
D) do all of these.

Question 16

An English teacher encourages her students to write the main aspects of the short story the class is reading into ovals and then draw lines connecting the various themes and concepts.In other words, she is encouraging her students to make a(n) _____ of the short story.

Accepted Answer

A) ablation 
B) behavioral contract 
C) cognitive map 
D) projective assessment 
A) ablation 
B) behavioral contract 
C) cognitive map 
D) projective assessment

Question 17

Latent learning involves learning without any obvious

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement. 
B) practice. 
C) response expectancies. 
D) cognitive shaping. 
A) reinforcement. 
B) practice. 
C) response expectancies. 
D) cognitive shaping.

Question 18

Presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus will result in stimulus generalization.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Many skills are learned by what _____ called observational learning or modeling.

Accepted Answer

A)  Albert Bandura 
B)  B.F. Skinner 
C)  John B. Watson 
D)  Ivan Pavlov 
A)  Albert Bandura 
B)  B.F. Skinner 
C)  John B. Watson 
D)  Ivan Pavlov

Question 20

Watching a lot of violence on television apparently causes us to become

Accepted Answer

A) sensitized to violence. 
B) more anxious when in the presence of violence. 
C) desensitized to violence. 
D) less violent. 
A) sensitized to violence. 
B) more anxious when in the presence of violence. 
C) desensitized to violence. 
D) less violent.

Exam 7: Extension C: Conditioning and Learning

A formal agreement stating behaviors to be changed and consequences that apply is known as

The basic tools a person has available to control simple learning include

Regarding the findings on modeled aggression, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Brian's parents use frequent punishment for his misbehavior at home.Which of the following is most likely to be true?

Facts or principles gained by insight or understanding describe

When Erica broke her curfew, her parents took away all of her phone and car privileges for a week.Erica's parents are using the type of punishment known as ____________________.

Your dog jumps up on you when you get home; and you eliminate this behavior by ignoring the dog when it jumps on you.The ignoring of the response would be an example of operant extinction.

After undergoing extinction, the dinner bell was presented the next day, and Samantha the dog began to salivate again to this stimulus, illustrating

Which of the following theorists believed that anything that can be learned from direct experience can be learned through observation?

You have never played baseball before, but you know most of the rules from watching games on TV.This illustrates

Learning that occurs without obvious reinforcement and remains hidden until reinforcement is provided is known as

You are a very good bowler now, but you did not start out that way.Your father reinforced you for each small improvement you made over several months.This process is known as shaping.

The basic tools available to control simple learning work best when used

Feedback from self-recording can

An English teacher encourages her students to write the main aspects of the short story the class is reading into ovals and then draw lines connecting the various themes and concepts.In other words, she is encouraging her students to make a(n) _____ of the short story.

Latent learning involves learning without any obvious

Presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus will result in stimulus generalization.

Many skills are learned by what _____ called observational learning or modeling.

Watching a lot of violence on television apparently causes us to become

Introduction the Psychology

Extension A: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension C: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension A: Brain and Behavior

Extension B: Brain and Behavior

Extension C: Brain and Behavior

Extension A: Human Development

Extension B: Human Development

Extension C: Human Development

Extension D: Human Development

Extension A: Sensation and Reality

Extension B: Sensation and Reality

Extension A: Perceiving the World

Extension B: Perceiving the World

Extension A: States of Consciousness

Extension B: States of Consciousness

Extension C: States of Consciousness

Extension D: States of Consciousness

Extension A: Conditioning and Learning

Extension B: Conditioning and Learning

Extension A: Memory

Extension B: Memory

Extension C: Memory

Extension A: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension B: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension C: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension D: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension A: Motivation and Emotion

Extension B: Motivation and Emotion

Extension C: Motivation and Emotion

Extension D: Motivation and Emotion

Extension A: Gender and Sexuality

Extension B: Gender and Sexuality

Extension C: Gender and Sexuality

Extension A: Personality

Extension B: Personality

Extension C: Personality

Extension D: Personality

Extension A: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension B: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension C: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension A: Psychological Disorders

Extension B: Psychological Disorders

Extension C: Psychological Disorders

Extension D: Psychological Disorders

Extension A: Therapies

Extension B: Therapies

Extension C: Therapies

Extension D: Therapies

Extension A: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension B: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension C: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension A: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension C: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension A: Applied Psychology

Extension B: Applied Psychology

Extension C: Applied Psychology

Appendix A: Behavioral Statistics