Exam 29: Conditioning and Learning: Classical Conditioning

How does a child raised in the city learn to fear snakes and respond emotionally to mere pictures of them?

The proper order of events required for classical conditioning to occur is CS---US---UR.

Mike and Jeff are brothers who have just moved with their parents into a beautiful old house.Mike soon discovers that if he flushes the toilet while Jeff is taking a shower,it will cause the water in the shower to become scalding hot.Naturally,Jeff screams as his reflexes cause him to leap backward in pain.After Mike has repeated this procedure several times,Jeff has begun to twitch involuntarily every time he hears any toilet flush.In this example,the sound of the flushing toilet would be the

If you ring the bell many times and do not follow it with lemon juice,Johnny's expectancy that the bell will precede the lemon juice will weaken.As it does,he will lose his tendency to salivate when he hears the bell because which of the following has occurred?

A nurse elicits fear and anxiety as a result of being present when a child received a shot.If this same nurse is paired with a thermometer,the child may also learn to fear the thermometer.This situation demonstrates

Presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus will result in

Which of the following is the appropriate sequence for classically conditioning an eyeblink response to an auditory stimulus?

In Pavlov's experiments with dogs,salivation to the food was the

When computer-generated images are used to safely simulate the experience of boarding an airplane for a person with a phobia of air travel,the person is undergoing a form of

Theresa has a phobia of insects and is undergoing a therapeutic technique in which she will be gradually exposed to the phobic stimuli of insects while she remains calm and relaxed.This therapeutic technique is called _______.

Fears and phobias cannot be readily eased by merely reading about them because

Many people start tensing up during a horror movie whenever they hear a familiar tune because this tune is always associated with a character being in danger.This situation illustrates

In higher-order conditioning,a well-learned CS serves as which type of stimulus in a new pairing situation?

According to the informational view,the brain learns to anticipate the future event of the US following the CS. Thus,this view explains classical conditionig in terms of

To observe conditioning,one could ring a bell and squirt lemon juice into Johnny's mouth.By repeating this procedure several times,you could condition Johnny to salivate to the bell.Conditioning will be most rapid if the US follows immediately after the CS.In this example,the CS would be

The technique of using systematic desensitization involves

Ms.Reed's emotional reaction to her ordeal of being trapped in an elevator for several hours has generalized to a fear of all enclosed spaces.This is an example of

In Pavlov's experiments with dogs,the unconditioned response was the

Presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus will result in stimulus generalization.

Three-year-old Josh has been classically conditioned to salivate to a bell.We now clap our hands and then ring the bell.Little Josh will soon learn to salivate when we clap our hands because of