Exam 29: Conditioning and Learning: Classical Conditioning

We are more adaptable because learning is extended to related situations through

A baby cries when it hears a stranger's voice but not when it hears its mother's voice.This illustrates

The reappearance of a previously extinguished response is known as

Pavlov's most famous experiment involved teaching dogs to do which of the following behaviors to a new stimulus?

Which of the following best describes the unusual events that occurred in Pavlov's laboratory that led him to the discovery of classical conditioning?

The unconditioned stimulus,by definition,leads to a(n)

Many phobias can be traced back to a time when the person was frightened,injured,or upset by a particular stimulus,especially in childhood,and would,thus,be based on

A type of learning was discovered when the dogs in a lab learned to salivate to a bell.Which of the following is NOT one of the names by which this type of learning is known?

Through behavioral therapy,Jennifer was able to extinguish her fear of dogs and to actually pet a dog without tensing up.However,Jennifer has a new neighbor with a large dog that growled at her the first time she tried to pet it.Now,Jennifer's fearfulness toward all dogs has returned.This reoccurrence of her past fear is an example of

In classical conditioning,the tendency to respond to stimuli similar to (but not identical to)a conditioned response is called

To test the presence of classical conditioning,you would omit the

As stimuli become less like the original conditioned stimulus (CS),an organism's responding will

Three-year-old Johnny was classically conditioned to salivate to a bell that was paired with lemon juice.Johnny also salivates to the sound of a ringing telephone and to a doorbell,even though they were never used as conditioning stimuli.Johnny's salivation to the ringing telephone and to the doorbell illustrate

Explain how the classical conditioning of an eye blink came to be used as a diagnostic tool.

Because three­year­old Susie was scratched by her neighbor's furry black cat,she developed a phobia for the cat as well as becoming fearful of any black,furry object,including her mother's black fake fur hat.Susie's fear of her mother's hat and any other furry black object demonstrates

At a party,a friend of yours keeps popping balloons with a lighted cigarette.By the time he is about to pop the fifth balloon,you notice that your muscles tense and you squint each time the cigarette nears the balloon.Obviously,

Many stores carry imitations of nationally-known products in the hopes that the positive attitudes already conditioned to the real products will also occur with these cheaper knockoffs.If these positive attitudes also occur with the cheaper knockoffs,then which of the following has occurred?

During training,a conditioned response must be established and strengthened during the period known as

You condition a person to blink each time you play a particular mid-level note on a piano by delivering a puff of air to the person's eye.If you then play a very high note or a very low note on the piano and do not deliver the puff of air,the person's blinking will

Micah is extremely afraid of rats,but not of hamsters or gerbils.Micah's behavior illustrates