Question 1

How does communication in the endocrine system differ from communication in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A) Communication in the nervous system is slower than communication in the endocrine system. 
B) Communication in the endocrine system is slower than communication in the nervous system. 
C) Endocrine system cells can receive messages but cannot transmit messages. 
D) While both inhibitory and excitatory messages can be transmitted by cells in the nervous system, endocrine system cells can only transmit excitatory messages. 
A) Communication in the nervous system is slower than communication in the endocrine system. 
B) Communication in the endocrine system is slower than communication in the nervous system. 
C) Endocrine system cells can receive messages but cannot transmit messages. 
D) While both inhibitory and excitatory messages can be transmitted by cells in the nervous system, endocrine system cells can only transmit excitatory messages.

Question 2

Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Despite the fact that some people write with their left hand, all humans show left-hemisphere-dominance for language functions. 
B) The vast majority of people are strongly right-handed, using their right hands for virtually all tasks requiring dexterity. 
C) The fact that it is very easy to teach infants and young children to be left-handed strongly suggests that handedness is determined by environmental conditions, not genetics. 
D) The percentage of the population that is strongly left-handed is approximately 15 to 20 percent. 
A) Despite the fact that some people write with their left hand, all humans show left-hemisphere-dominance for language functions. 
B) The vast majority of people are strongly right-handed, using their right hands for virtually all tasks requiring dexterity. 
C) The fact that it is very easy to teach infants and young children to be left-handed strongly suggests that handedness is determined by environmental conditions, not genetics. 
D) The percentage of the population that is strongly left-handed is approximately 15 to 20 percent.

Question 3

According to the Psych for Your Life feature in Chapter 2, living in an enriched environment has been shown to:

Accepted Answer

A) enhance neurogenesis, increasing the number and survival rate of new neurons. 
B) increase the rate at which axons and dendritic spines are pruned in the cerebellum and midbrain regions. 
C) increase the rate at which unused neurons are pruned. 
D) increase the speed of neurotransmission. 
A) enhance neurogenesis, increasing the number and survival rate of new neurons. 
B) increase the rate at which axons and dendritic spines are pruned in the cerebellum and midbrain regions. 
C) increase the rate at which unused neurons are pruned. 
D) increase the speed of neurotransmission.

Question 4

The brainstem is made up of the _____ and the _____.

Accepted Answer

A) forebrain; midbrain 
B) cerebellum; medulla 
C) reticular formation; the pons 
D) midbrain; hindbrain 
A) forebrain; midbrain 
B) cerebellum; medulla 
C) reticular formation; the pons 
D) midbrain; hindbrain

Question 5

In animals, electrical stimulation of the amygdala produces:

Accepted Answer

A) an almost instantaneous onset of sleep. 
B) awkward, clumsy behavior. 
C) grooming or mating behavior. 
D) behaviors associated with fear. 
A) an almost instantaneous onset of sleep. 
B) awkward, clumsy behavior. 
C) grooming or mating behavior. 
D) behaviors associated with fear.

Question 6

The main link between the nervous system and the endocrine system is the:

Accepted Answer

A) adrenal cortex. 
B) hypothalamus. 
C) pineal gland. 
D) pancreas. 
A) adrenal cortex. 
B) hypothalamus. 
C) pineal gland. 
D) pancreas.

Question 7

A particular neurotransmitter:

Accepted Answer

A) always communicates either an excitatory or inhibitory effect. 
B) can have different effects, depending upon the receptor site to which it attaches. 
C) can be located in the central nervous system or the peripheral nervous system but not both. 
D) can attach to any available receptor site on adjacent neurons. 
A) always communicates either an excitatory or inhibitory effect. 
B) can have different effects, depending upon the receptor site to which it attaches. 
C) can be located in the central nervous system or the peripheral nervous system but not both. 
D) can attach to any available receptor site on adjacent neurons.

Question 8

Compared with young rats that have been raised in an "impoverished" environment, young rats that have been raised in an "enriched" environment have:

Accepted Answer

A) more dendritic branches and more synaptic connections in the cerebral cortex. 
B) a much stronger tendency to favor their left paws. 
C) an enlarged medulla and reticular formation. 
D) about half as many glial cells but almost double the number of neurons in their brain. 
A) more dendritic branches and more synaptic connections in the cerebral cortex. 
B) a much stronger tendency to favor their left paws. 
C) an enlarged medulla and reticular formation. 
D) about half as many glial cells but almost double the number of neurons in their brain.

Question 9

Which letter points to the brain structure that plays a key role in controlling balance, muscle tone, and coordinated movements?

Accepted Answer

A) corpus callosum 
B) pons 
C) cerebellum 
D) medulla 
A) corpus callosum 
B) pons 
C) cerebellum 
D) medulla

Question 10

What is a function of cerebrospinal fluid?

Accepted Answer

A) It protects the central nervous system from being jarred. 
B) It promotes the release of hormones in the brain. 
C) It can function as a neurotransmitter in times of severe stress. 
D) It is the communication link between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. 
A) It protects the central nervous system from being jarred. 
B) It promotes the release of hormones in the brain. 
C) It can function as a neurotransmitter in times of severe stress. 
D) It is the communication link between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

Question 11

Following a severe motor vehicle accident, Braxton's family noticed that he had an awkward gait. For instance, he would lean slightly to one side when walking, often bumped into walls, and frequently lost his balance. Braxton MOST likely suffered damage in the:

Accepted Answer

A) forebrain. 
B) corpus callosum. 
C) cerebellum. 
D) medulla. 
A) forebrain. 
B) corpus callosum. 
C) cerebellum. 
D) medulla.

Question 12

The multiple short fibers that extend from the neuron's cell body and receive information from other neurons or from sensory receptor cells are called:

Accepted Answer

A) dendrites. 
B) the nodes of Ranvier. 
C) synaptic vesicles. 
D) axons. 
A) dendrites. 
B) the nodes of Ranvier. 
C) synaptic vesicles. 
D) axons.

Question 13

Your adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla produce hormones that are involved in your ______ response.

Accepted Answer

A) sexual 
B) intellectual 
C) stress 
D) sleep 
A) sexual 
B) intellectual 
C) stress 
D) sleep

Question 14

The Human Connectome Project has an ambitious goal to:

Accepted Answer

A) sequence the human genome. 
B) map the millions of miles of neural connections among the 100 billion neurons in the human brain. 
C) determine how each human is genetically related. 
D) connect human research to animal research. 
A) sequence the human genome. 
B) map the millions of miles of neural connections among the 100 billion neurons in the human brain. 
C) determine how each human is genetically related. 
D) connect human research to animal research.

Question 15

A new brain-scanning technique called diffusion spectrum imaging allows neuroscientists to:

Accepted Answer

A) produce three-dimensional images of the neural pathways that connect one part of the brain to another. 
B) use electromagnetic techniques to examine blood flow in the brain. 
C) trace the metabolism of radioactive glucose in the brain. 
D) examine the structure of the brain using combined X-rays. 
A) produce three-dimensional images of the neural pathways that connect one part of the brain to another. 
B) use electromagnetic techniques to examine blood flow in the brain. 
C) trace the metabolism of radioactive glucose in the brain. 
D) examine the structure of the brain using combined X-rays.

Question 16

_____ provide connections between neurons and blood vessels and are involved in brain development and the communication of information among neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) Microglia 
B) Astrocytes 
C) Oligodendrocytes 
D) Schwann cells 
A) Microglia 
B) Astrocytes 
C) Oligodendrocytes 
D) Schwann cells

Question 17

The peripheral nervous system is made up of:

Accepted Answer

A) the brain. 
B) the brain and the spinal cord. 
C) all the nerves lying outside the central nervous system. 
D) motor neurons. 
A) the brain. 
B) the brain and the spinal cord. 
C) all the nerves lying outside the central nervous system. 
D) motor neurons.

Question 18

Based on studies with rats, it is clear that the exposure to environmental enrichment:

Accepted Answer

A) has no detectable effect on the brain. 
B) can have an impact on brain development during early life but not in later life. 
C) enhances right-hemisphere abilities but not left-hemisphere abilities. 
D) produces significant brain changes regardless of the age of the rats. 
A) has no detectable effect on the brain. 
B) can have an impact on brain development during early life but not in later life. 
C) enhances right-hemisphere abilities but not left-hemisphere abilities. 
D) produces significant brain changes regardless of the age of the rats.

Question 19

Which gland directly regulates the production of hormones in other endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

A) the adrenal gland 
B) the thyroid gland 
C) the pituitary gland 
D) the pancreas 
A) the adrenal gland 
B) the thyroid gland 
C) the pituitary gland 
D) the pancreas

Question 20

The two main subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system are the _____ nervous system and the _____ nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) sympathetic; parasympathetic 
B) somatic; autonomic 
C) autonomic; sympathetic 
D) parasympathetic; somatic 
A) sympathetic; parasympathetic 
B) somatic; autonomic 
C) autonomic; sympathetic 
D) parasympathetic; somatic

Exam 2: Section 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

How does communication in the endocrine system differ from communication in the nervous system?

Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

According to the Psych for Your Life feature in Chapter 2, living in an enriched environment has been shown to:

The brainstem is made up of the _____ and the _____.

In animals, electrical stimulation of the amygdala produces:

The main link between the nervous system and the endocrine system is the:

A particular neurotransmitter:

Compared with young rats that have been raised in an "impoverished" environment, young rats that have been raised in an "enriched" environment have:

Which letter points to the brain structure that plays a key role in controlling balance, muscle tone, and coordinated movements?

What is a function of cerebrospinal fluid?

Following a severe motor vehicle accident, Braxton's family noticed that he had an awkward gait. For instance, he would lean slightly to one side when walking, often bumped into walls, and frequently lost his balance. Braxton MOST likely suffered damage in the:

The multiple short fibers that extend from the neuron's cell body and receive information from other neurons or from sensory receptor cells are called:

Your adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla produce hormones that are involved in your ______ response.

The Human Connectome Project has an ambitious goal to:

A new brain-scanning technique called diffusion spectrum imaging allows neuroscientists to:

_____ provide connections between neurons and blood vessels and are involved in brain development and the communication of information among neurons.

The peripheral nervous system is made up of:

Based on studies with rats, it is clear that the exposure to environmental enrichment:

Which gland directly regulates the production of hormones in other endocrine glands?

The two main subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system are the _____ nervous system and the _____ nervous system.

Section 1: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 2: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 3: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 4: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 5: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 1: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 3: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 4: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 5: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 1: Sensation and Perception

Section 2: Sensation and Perception

Section 3: Sensation and Perception

Section 4: Sensation and Perception

Section 5: Sensation and Perception

Section 1: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 2: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 3: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 4: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 5: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 1: Learning

Section 2: Learning

Section 3: Learning

Section 4: Learning

Section 5: Learning

Section 1: Memory

Section 2: Memory

Section 3: Memory

Section 4: Memory

Section 5: Memory

Section 1: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 2: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 3: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 4: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 5: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 1: Motivation and Emotion

Section 2: Motivation and Emotion

Section 3: Motivation and Emotion

Section 4: Motivation and Emotion

Section 5: Motivation and Emotion

Section 1: Lifespan Development

Section 2: Lifespan Development

Section 3: Lifespan Development

Section 4: Lifespan Development

Section 5: Lifespan Development

Section 1: Personality

Section 2: Personality

Section 3: Personality

Section 4: Personality

Section 5: Personality

Section 1: Social Psychology

Section 2: Social Psychology

Section 3: Social Psychology

Section 4: Social Psychology

Section 5: Social Psychology

Section 1: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 2: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 3: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 4: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 5: Stress, Health, and Coping

The brainstem is made up of the _ and the _.

The two main subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system are the _ nervous system and the _ nervous system.