Question 1

Phrenology is:

Accepted Answer

A) the scientific study of brain/endocrine system interactions. 
B) a pseudoscience that related personality characteristics to bumps on the skull. 
C) the historical method of drilling holes in the skull as a treatment for brain disease and mental illness. 
D) the scientific study of "phrens" or "phrenetics." 
A) the scientific study of brain/endocrine system interactions. 
B) a pseudoscience that related personality characteristics to bumps on the skull. 
C) the historical method of drilling holes in the skull as a treatment for brain disease and mental illness. 
D) the scientific study of "phrens" or "phrenetics."

Question 2

Although disproved, phrenology was valuable in:

Accepted Answer

A) generating interest in the idea of cortical localization. 
B) stressing the role of nutrition in endocrine and brain disorders. 
C) emphasizing the importance of hormones in human behavior. 
D) inspiring modern methods of treating brain disease and mental disorders. 
A) generating interest in the idea of cortical localization. 
B) stressing the role of nutrition in endocrine and brain disorders. 
C) emphasizing the importance of hormones in human behavior. 
D) inspiring modern methods of treating brain disease and mental disorders.

Question 3

Neurotransmitters:

Accepted Answer

A) are chemical messengers that are secreted into the bloodstream primarily by endocrine glands. 
B) are present in extremely small quantities in the brain. 
C) are constantly changing their basic molecular shape as the human brain adapts to new experiences. 
D) compete with sodium and potassium ions for the receptor sites on the surrounding neurons. 
A) are chemical messengers that are secreted into the bloodstream primarily by endocrine glands. 
B) are present in extremely small quantities in the brain. 
C) are constantly changing their basic molecular shape as the human brain adapts to new experiences. 
D) compete with sodium and potassium ions for the receptor sites on the surrounding neurons.

Question 4

White matter is to gray matter as _____ is(are) to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) cell bodies and glial cells; myelinated axons 
B) myelinated axons; neural cell bodies and glial cells 
C) dendrites; glial cells and axons 
D) midbrain; hindbrain 
A) cell bodies and glial cells; myelinated axons 
B) myelinated axons; neural cell bodies and glial cells 
C) dendrites; glial cells and axons 
D) midbrain; hindbrain

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the properties of neurons is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) All neurons are the same size and shape. 
B) The size and shape of neurons vary a great deal, reflecting their specialized function. 
C) Sensory and motor neurons are the same size and shape, and interneurons are long and thin. 
D) Motor neurons outnumber interneurons by almost 10 to 1. 
A) All neurons are the same size and shape. 
B) The size and shape of neurons vary a great deal, reflecting their specialized function. 
C) Sensory and motor neurons are the same size and shape, and interneurons are long and thin. 
D) Motor neurons outnumber interneurons by almost 10 to 1.

Question 6

In females, the gonads are the _____, which secrete _____.

Accepted Answer

A) ovaries; testosterone 
B) testes; testosterone 
C) ovaries; estrogen and progesterone 
D) testes; estrogen and progesterone 
A) ovaries; testosterone 
B) testes; testosterone 
C) ovaries; estrogen and progesterone 
D) testes; estrogen and progesterone

Question 7

The type of specialized cell whose main function is to communicate information between neurons is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) interneuron. 
B) glial cell. 
C) motor neuron. 
D) sensory neuron. 
A) interneuron. 
B) glial cell. 
C) motor neuron. 
D) sensory neuron.

Question 8

A Focus on Neuroscience section in the text described a research study involving participants who learned how to juggle. What was the main conclusion of the research?

Accepted Answer

A) that learning and practicing a new skill had distinct physical effects on specific brain structures 
B) that jugglers, as compared to nonjugglers, were more likely to show evidence of neurogenesis in the corpus callosum 
C) that learning how to juggle helped the participants become more creative by enhancing their right-brain abilities 
D) that jugglers, as compared to nonjugglers, had higher levels of endorphins 
A) that learning and practicing a new skill had distinct physical effects on specific brain structures 
B) that jugglers, as compared to nonjugglers, were more likely to show evidence of neurogenesis in the corpus callosum 
C) that learning how to juggle helped the participants become more creative by enhancing their right-brain abilities 
D) that jugglers, as compared to nonjugglers, had higher levels of endorphins

Question 9

This cross-sectional drawing of the human brain depicts four structures that are key components of the limbic system. Which brain structure plays a critical role in forming new memories?

Accepted Answer

A) hypothalamus 
B) thalamus 
C) hippocampus 
D) amygdala 
A) hypothalamus 
B) thalamus 
C) hippocampus 
D) amygdala

Question 10

As you take this test, you do not have to focus on taking your next breath or making your heart beat. This is because the _____ is involved in the control of vital life functions, such as breathing, heart rate, and digestion.

Accepted Answer

A) medulla 
B) pons 
C) thalamus 
D) parietal lobe 
A) medulla 
B) pons 
C) thalamus 
D) parietal lobe

Question 11

Thomas was distracted as he was cooking and he inadvertently touched a very hot dish. Instantaneously he jerked his hand back, a reflexive action that was processed:

Accepted Answer

A) in his spinal cord. 
B) simultaneously in his spinal cord and brain. 
C) first in his brain, then a moment later in his spinal cord. 
D) with no involvement of the central nervous system. 
A) in his spinal cord. 
B) simultaneously in his spinal cord and brain. 
C) first in his brain, then a moment later in his spinal cord. 
D) with no involvement of the central nervous system.

Question 12

The substantia nigra is:

Accepted Answer

A) located in the midbrain. 
B) the brain location that has shown the greatest degree of neurogenesis in studies with rats and primates. 
C) the primary communication link between the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex. 
D) the point at which motor signals cross over from one side of the brain to the opposite side of the body. 
A) located in the midbrain. 
B) the brain location that has shown the greatest degree of neurogenesis in studies with rats and primates. 
C) the primary communication link between the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex. 
D) the point at which motor signals cross over from one side of the brain to the opposite side of the body.

Question 13

A gymnast knows where his arms and legs are as he does his tumbling routine because information from his muscles and joints is relayed to his _____ lobe.

Accepted Answer

A) temporal 
B) frontal 
C) occipital 
D) parietal 
A) temporal 
B) frontal 
C) occipital 
D) parietal

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a hindbrain structure?

Accepted Answer

A) hypothalamus 
B) pons 
C) medulla 
D) cerebellum 
A) hypothalamus 
B) pons 
C) medulla 
D) cerebellum

Question 15

Which part of the neuron receives messages from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

A) the axon 
B) the microglia 
C) the dendrite 
D) the sodium ion membrane 
A) the axon 
B) the microglia 
C) the dendrite 
D) the sodium ion membrane

Question 16

An _____ is a drug or other chemical that binds to a receptor site and triggers a response in the cell.

Accepted Answer

A) antagonist 
B) endorphin 
C) agonist 
D) opiate 
A) antagonist 
B) endorphin 
C) agonist 
D) opiate

Question 17

Which of the following neurotransmitters is implicated in Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

A) pepsin 
B) axilla 
C) acetylcholine 
D) cervicis 
A) pepsin 
B) axilla 
C) acetylcholine 
D) cervicis

Question 18

_____ remove waste products from the nervous system, including dead and damaged neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) Microglia 
B) Astrocytes 
C) Oligodendrocytes 
D) Schwann cells 
A) Microglia 
B) Astrocytes 
C) Oligodendrocytes 
D) Schwann cells

Question 19

Which of the following represents the sequence of ion movements that causes an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A) Sodium ions move into the axon and then potassium ions move out of the axon. 
B) Sodium ions move out of the axon and then potassium ions move into the dendrite. 
C) Potassium ions move out of the dendrite and then sodium ions move into the axon. 
D) Sodium ions move out of the axon and then potassium ions move into the axon. 
A) Sodium ions move into the axon and then potassium ions move out of the axon. 
B) Sodium ions move out of the axon and then potassium ions move into the dendrite. 
C) Potassium ions move out of the dendrite and then sodium ions move into the axon. 
D) Sodium ions move out of the axon and then potassium ions move into the axon.

Question 20

During a rest stop while hiking, Phil was bitten by a black widow spider. Shortly after being bitten he started having breathing difficulties and then experienced muscle spasms. The symptoms he experienced occurred because the black widow spider's venom:

Accepted Answer

A) blocked acetylcholine receptor sites on motor neurons. 
B) blocked the release of serotonin from sending neurons. 
C) shut down the functioning of the substantia nigra in Phil's brain. 
D) caused acetylcholine to be continuously released by the motor neurons. 
A) blocked acetylcholine receptor sites on motor neurons. 
B) blocked the release of serotonin from sending neurons. 
C) shut down the functioning of the substantia nigra in Phil's brain. 
D) caused acetylcholine to be continuously released by the motor neurons.

Exam 2: Section 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

Phrenology is:

Although disproved, phrenology was valuable in:

Neurotransmitters:

White matter is to gray matter as _____ is(are) to _____.

Which of the following statements about the properties of neurons is TRUE?

In females, the gonads are the _____, which secrete _____.

The type of specialized cell whose main function is to communicate information between neurons is a(n):

A Focus on Neuroscience section in the text described a research study involving participants who learned how to juggle. What was the main conclusion of the research?

This cross-sectional drawing of the human brain depicts four structures that are key components of the limbic system. Which brain structure plays a critical role in forming new memories?

As you take this test, you do not have to focus on taking your next breath or making your heart beat. This is because the _____ is involved in the control of vital life functions, such as breathing, heart rate, and digestion.

Thomas was distracted as he was cooking and he inadvertently touched a very hot dish. Instantaneously he jerked his hand back, a reflexive action that was processed:

The substantia nigra is:

A gymnast knows where his arms and legs are as he does his tumbling routine because information from his muscles and joints is relayed to his _____ lobe.

Which of the following is NOT a hindbrain structure?

Which part of the neuron receives messages from other neurons?

An _____ is a drug or other chemical that binds to a receptor site and triggers a response in the cell.

Which of the following neurotransmitters is implicated in Alzheimer's disease?

_____ remove waste products from the nervous system, including dead and damaged neurons.

Which of the following represents the sequence of ion movements that causes an action potential?

During a rest stop while hiking, Phil was bitten by a black widow spider. Shortly after being bitten he started having breathing difficulties and then experienced muscle spasms. The symptoms he experienced occurred because the black widow spider's venom:

Section 1: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 2: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 3: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 4: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 5: Introduction and Research Methods

Section 1: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 3: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 4: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 5: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 1: Sensation and Perception

Section 2: Sensation and Perception

Section 3: Sensation and Perception

Section 4: Sensation and Perception

Section 5: Sensation and Perception

Section 1: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 2: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 3: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 4: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 5: Consciousness and Its Variations

Section 1: Learning

Section 2: Learning

Section 3: Learning

Section 4: Learning

Section 5: Learning

Section 1: Memory

Section 2: Memory

Section 3: Memory

Section 4: Memory

Section 5: Memory

Section 1: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 2: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 3: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 4: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 5: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Section 1: Motivation and Emotion

Section 2: Motivation and Emotion

Section 3: Motivation and Emotion

Section 4: Motivation and Emotion

Section 5: Motivation and Emotion

Section 1: Lifespan Development

Section 2: Lifespan Development

Section 3: Lifespan Development

Section 4: Lifespan Development

Section 5: Lifespan Development

Section 1: Personality

Section 2: Personality

Section 3: Personality

Section 4: Personality

Section 5: Personality

Section 1: Social Psychology

Section 2: Social Psychology

Section 3: Social Psychology

Section 4: Social Psychology

Section 5: Social Psychology

Section 1: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 2: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 3: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 4: Stress, Health, and Coping

Section 5: Stress, Health, and Coping

White matter is to gray matter as _ is(are) to _.

In females, the gonads are the _, which secrete _.