Question 1

Which chemicals do mast cells and basophils release when stimulated in an allergic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) interferons 
B) complement proteins 
C) histamines,leukotrienes,and other chemicals that cause inflammation 
D) heparin 
E) IgE antibodies 
A) interferons 
B) complement proteins 
C) histamines,leukotrienes,and other chemicals that cause inflammation 
D) heparin 
E) IgE antibodies

Question 2

How do abnormal antigens attached to class I MHC proteins initiate an immune response?

Accepted Answer

A) Abnormal antigens are displayed on the surface of the cell's plasma membrane and recognition by regulatory T cells initiates the initial immune response. 
B) Abnormal antigens are displayed on the surface of the cell's plasma membrane and recognition by CD4 T cells initiates the initial immune response. 
C) Abnormal antigens are displayed on the surface of the cell's plasma membrane and recognition by CD8 T cells initiates the initial immune response. 
D) Abnormal antigens are displayed on the surface of the cell's plasma membrane and recognition by plasma cells initiates the initial immune response. 
E) Abnormal antigens are displayed on the surface of the cell's plasma membrane and recognition by NK cells initiates the initial immune response. 
A) Abnormal antigens are displayed on the surface of the cell's plasma membrane and recognition by regulatory T cells initiates the initial immune response. 
B) Abnormal antigens are displayed on the surface of the cell's plasma membrane and recognition by CD4 T cells initiates the initial immune response. 
C) Abnormal antigens are displayed on the surface of the cell's plasma membrane and recognition by CD8 T cells initiates the initial immune response. 
D) Abnormal antigens are displayed on the surface of the cell's plasma membrane and recognition by plasma cells initiates the initial immune response. 
E) Abnormal antigens are displayed on the surface of the cell's plasma membrane and recognition by NK cells initiates the initial immune response.

Question 3

If you observed a higher-than-normal number of plasma cells in a sample of lymph,would you expect antibody levels in the blood to be higher or lower than normal?

Accepted Answer

A) Plasma cells produce antibodies so you would expect antibody levels would be higher than normal. 
B) Plasma cells do not produce antibodies so you would expect antibody levels would be higher than normal. 
C) Plasma cells produce antibodies so you would expect antibody levels would be lower than normal. 
D) Plasma cells do not produce antibodies so you would expect antibody levels would be lower than normal. 
A) Plasma cells produce antibodies so you would expect antibody levels would be higher than normal. 
B) Plasma cells do not produce antibodies so you would expect antibody levels would be higher than normal. 
C) Plasma cells produce antibodies so you would expect antibody levels would be lower than normal. 
D) Plasma cells do not produce antibodies so you would expect antibody levels would be lower than normal.

Question 4

The thoracic duct drains lymph from all of the following regions except the

Accepted Answer

A) left breast. 
B) right breast. 
C) left arm and shoulder. 
D) pelvic viscera. 
E) left side of the neck. 
A) left breast. 
B) right breast. 
C) left arm and shoulder. 
D) pelvic viscera. 
E) left side of the neck.

Question 5

Each of the following is a physical barrier to infection except

Accepted Answer

A) body hair. 
B) epithelium. 
C) secretions. 
D) complement. 
E) basement membranes. 
A) body hair. 
B) epithelium. 
C) secretions. 
D) complement. 
E) basement membranes.

Question 6

What is the difference between a lymphocyte and lymph?

Accepted Answer

A) A lymphocyte is the primary cell of the lymphatic system.Lymph is the interstitial fluid that has entered a lymphatic vessel. 
B) A lymphocyte is the primary cell of the lymphatic system.Lymph is the term for the vessels that transport lymphocytes. 
C) A lymphocyte is a collection of lymphatic tissue.Lymph is the interstitial fluid that has entered a lymphatic vessel. 
D) A lymphocyte is a red blood cell that has entered a lymphatic vessel.Lymph is the term for interstitial fluid with red blood cells that has entered a lymphatic vessel. 
E) A lymphocyte is a stem cell that is the precursor to all red and white blood cells.Lymph is the term for the matrix those stem cells develop in inside the bone marrow and lymphatic organs. 
A) A lymphocyte is the primary cell of the lymphatic system.Lymph is the interstitial fluid that has entered a lymphatic vessel. 
B) A lymphocyte is the primary cell of the lymphatic system.Lymph is the term for the vessels that transport lymphocytes. 
C) A lymphocyte is a collection of lymphatic tissue.Lymph is the interstitial fluid that has entered a lymphatic vessel. 
D) A lymphocyte is a red blood cell that has entered a lymphatic vessel.Lymph is the term for interstitial fluid with red blood cells that has entered a lymphatic vessel. 
E) A lymphocyte is a stem cell that is the precursor to all red and white blood cells.Lymph is the term for the matrix those stem cells develop in inside the bone marrow and lymphatic organs.

Question 7

The various classes of immunoglobulins are differentiated on the basis of their

Accepted Answer

A) asymmetry. 
B) antigen specificity. 
C) light-chain variable segments. 
D) heavy-chain constant segments. 
E) both light-chain variable segments and heavy-chain constant segments. 
A) asymmetry. 
B) antigen specificity. 
C) light-chain variable segments. 
D) heavy-chain constant segments. 
E) both light-chain variable segments and heavy-chain constant segments.

Question 8

The largest single collection of lymphoid tissue in the adult body is located in the

Accepted Answer

A) liver. 
B) thymus. 
C) tonsils. 
D) spleen. 
E) lymph nodes. 
A) liver. 
B) thymus. 
C) tonsils. 
D) spleen. 
E) lymph nodes.

Question 9

List and briefly describe the components of the lymphatic system.

Accepted Answer

The lymphatic system consists of (1)lymp

Question 10

________ exists when the immune system does not respond to a particular antigen.

Accepted Answer

A) Versatility 
B) Tolerance 
C) Specificity 
D) Allergy 
E) Hypersensitivity 
A) Versatility 
B) Tolerance 
C) Specificity 
D) Allergy 
E) Hypersensitivity

Question 11

Name the two large lymphatic vessels into which the lymphatic trunks empty.

Accepted Answer

A) right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct 
B) right lymphatic duct and left lymphatic duct 
C) thoracic duct and abdominopelvic duct 
D) left lymphatic duct and thoracic duct 
E) bronchomediastinal duct and intestinal duct 
A) right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct 
B) right lymphatic duct and left lymphatic duct 
C) thoracic duct and abdominopelvic duct 
D) left lymphatic duct and thoracic duct 
E) bronchomediastinal duct and intestinal duct

Question 12

You are a researcher interested in studying the cytoskeleton.How can you use antibodies to locate actin- and tubulin-containing structures?

Accepted Answer

Since those cytoskeletal components are

Question 13

The body's nonspecific defenses include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) the skin. 
B) complement. 
C) interferon. 
D) inflammation. 
E) B and T cells. 
A) the skin. 
B) complement. 
C) interferon. 
D) inflammation. 
E) B and T cells.

Question 14

Describe the structure of an antibody.

Accepted Answer

An antibody molecule consists of two par

Question 15

Immunoglobulins,formed of five subunits,which are the first antibodies to be produced in response to infection are

Accepted Answer

A) IgA. 
B) IgD. 
C) IgE. 
D) IgG. 
E) IgM. 
A) IgA. 
B) IgD. 
C) IgE. 
D) IgG. 
E) IgM.

Question 16

All of the following are true of the primary response to antigen exposure except that

Accepted Answer

A) it depends on antigen triggering the appropriate B cell. 
B) it requires B cell differentiation into plasma cells. 
C) it is delayed by the memory cell stage. 
D) circulating antibodies undergo a gradual,sustained rise. 
E) it peaks 1 to 2 weeks after the initial exposure. 
A) it depends on antigen triggering the appropriate B cell. 
B) it requires B cell differentiation into plasma cells. 
C) it is delayed by the memory cell stage. 
D) circulating antibodies undergo a gradual,sustained rise. 
E) it peaks 1 to 2 weeks after the initial exposure.

Question 17

Examples of physical barriers against pathogens include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) sebaceous glands. 
B) mucus. 
C) epithelia. 
D) epidermal layers. 
E) blood. 
A) sebaceous glands. 
B) mucus. 
C) epithelia. 
D) epidermal layers. 
E) blood.

Question 18

A sample of John's blood shows a high level of pyrogens.This would indicate that John

Accepted Answer

A) is feeling achy. 
B) is producing T lymphocytes. 
C) has a sore throat. 
D) is running a fever. 
E) has swollen lymph nodes. 
A) is feeling achy. 
B) is producing T lymphocytes. 
C) has a sore throat. 
D) is running a fever. 
E) has swollen lymph nodes.

Question 19

The white pulp of the spleen is populated by

Accepted Answer

A) lymphocytes. 
B) trabeculae. 
C) arteries. 
D) veins. 
E) fibrous connective tissue. 
A) lymphocytes. 
B) trabeculae. 
C) arteries. 
D) veins. 
E) fibrous connective tissue.

Question 20

Which class of leukocytes is particularly abundant in the red pulp of the spleen?

Accepted Answer

A) T lymphocytes 
B) free and fixed macrophages 
C) B lymphocytes 
D) neutrophils 
E) red blood cells 
A) T lymphocytes 
B) free and fixed macrophages 
C) B lymphocytes 
D) neutrophils 
E) red blood cells

Exam 20: The Lymphatic System and Immunity

Which chemicals do mast cells and basophils release when stimulated in an allergic reaction?

How do abnormal antigens attached to class I MHC proteins initiate an immune response?

If you observed a higher-than-normal number of plasma cells in a sample of lymph,would you expect antibody levels in the blood to be higher or lower than normal?

The thoracic duct drains lymph from all of the following regions except the

Each of the following is a physical barrier to infection except

What is the difference between a lymphocyte and lymph?

The various classes of immunoglobulins are differentiated on the basis of their

The largest single collection of lymphoid tissue in the adult body is located in the

List and briefly describe the components of the lymphatic system.

________ exists when the immune system does not respond to a particular antigen.

Name the two large lymphatic vessels into which the lymphatic trunks empty.

You are a researcher interested in studying the cytoskeleton.How can you use antibodies to locate actin- and tubulin-containing structures?

The body's nonspecific defenses include all of the following except

Describe the structure of an antibody.

Immunoglobulins,formed of five subunits,which are the first antibodies to be produced in response to infection are

All of the following are true of the primary response to antigen exposure except that

Examples of physical barriers against pathogens include all of the following except

A sample of John's blood shows a high level of pyrogens.This would indicate that John

The white pulp of the spleen is populated by

Which class of leukocytes is particularly abundant in the red pulp of the spleen?

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Level of Organization

Cellular Level of Organization

Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Skeleton

Joints

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain, cranial Nerves, and Sensory and Motor Pathways

The Autonomic Nervous System

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart and Cardiovascular Function

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, nutrition, and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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