Question 1

Describe the drainage of the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct.

Accepted Answer

A) The right lymphatic duct collects lymph from the right side of the body.The thoracic duct collects lymph from the left side of the body. 
B) The right lymphatic duct collects lymph from the body inferior to the diaphragm.The thoracic duct collects lymph from the body superior to the diaphragm. 
C) The right lymphatic duct collects lymph from the entire body except the head and neck.The thoracic duct collects lymph from the head and neck. 
D) The right lymphatic duct collects lymph from the right side of the body superior to the diaphragm.The thoracic duct collects lymph from the body inferior to the diaphragm and the left side superior to the diaphragm. 
E) The right lymphatic duct collects lymph from the limbs of the body.The thoracic duct collects lymph from the trunk of the body. 
A) The right lymphatic duct collects lymph from the right side of the body.The thoracic duct collects lymph from the left side of the body. 
B) The right lymphatic duct collects lymph from the body inferior to the diaphragm.The thoracic duct collects lymph from the body superior to the diaphragm. 
C) The right lymphatic duct collects lymph from the entire body except the head and neck.The thoracic duct collects lymph from the head and neck. 
D) The right lymphatic duct collects lymph from the right side of the body superior to the diaphragm.The thoracic duct collects lymph from the body inferior to the diaphragm and the left side superior to the diaphragm. 
E) The right lymphatic duct collects lymph from the limbs of the body.The thoracic duct collects lymph from the trunk of the body.

Question 2

Before specific defenses are activated,most antigens must

Accepted Answer

A) infect cells. 
B) be processed by a phagocyte. 
C) either infect cells or be processed by a phagocyte. 
D) depolarize the lymphocyte. 
E) bind to the DNA of the lymphocyte 
A) infect cells. 
B) be processed by a phagocyte. 
C) either infect cells or be processed by a phagocyte. 
D) depolarize the lymphocyte. 
E) bind to the DNA of the lymphocyte

Question 3

In an experimental situation,a rabbit is exposed to a viral antigen to which it makes antibodies.These antibodies are then purified and injected into a human with the same viral disease.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) innate immunity. 
B) active immunization. 
C) passive immunity. 
D) natural immunity. 
E) alloimmunity. 
A) innate immunity. 
B) active immunization. 
C) passive immunity. 
D) natural immunity. 
E) alloimmunity.

Question 4

Nonspecific defenses would not include

Accepted Answer

A) phagocytic cells. 
B) physical barriers. 
C) inflammation. 
D) interferons. 
E) antibodies. 
A) phagocytic cells. 
B) physical barriers. 
C) inflammation. 
D) interferons. 
E) antibodies.

Question 5

Which cells maintain the blood thymus barrier?

Accepted Answer

A) T regulatory cells 
B) natural killer cells 
C) dendritic cells 
D) epithelial reticular cells 
E) memory cells 
A) T regulatory cells 
B) natural killer cells 
C) dendritic cells 
D) epithelial reticular cells 
E) memory cells

Question 6

Compared to blood capillaries,lymph capillaries exhibit all of the following except that they

Accepted Answer

A) have no basement membrane. 
B) are larger in diameter. 
C) have walls of endothelial cells that overlap like shingles. 
D) are smaller in diameter. 
E) are frequently irregular in shape. 
A) have no basement membrane. 
B) are larger in diameter. 
C) have walls of endothelial cells that overlap like shingles. 
D) are smaller in diameter. 
E) are frequently irregular in shape.

Question 7

Define interferons.

Accepted Answer

A) Interferons are small proteins released by virus-infected cells that trigger the production of antiviral proteins. 
B) Interferons are phagocytic white blood cells that attack virus-infected cells. 
C) Interferons are circulating proteins that assist antibodies in the destruction of pathogens. 
D) Interferons are chemicals that induce fever to accelerate tissue metabolism and defenses. 
E) Interferons are circulating proteins that bind specific antigens as part of the adaptive immune response. 
A) Interferons are small proteins released by virus-infected cells that trigger the production of antiviral proteins. 
B) Interferons are phagocytic white blood cells that attack virus-infected cells. 
C) Interferons are circulating proteins that assist antibodies in the destruction of pathogens. 
D) Interferons are chemicals that induce fever to accelerate tissue metabolism and defenses. 
E) Interferons are circulating proteins that bind specific antigens as part of the adaptive immune response.

Question 8

An allergen circulating in the bloodstream affects mast cells throughout the body,dropping blood pressure to dangerously low levels.This response is termed

Accepted Answer

A) allergy. 
B) hypersensitivity. 
C) allergic rhinitis. 
D) anaphylactic shock. 
E) asthma. 
A) allergy. 
B) hypersensitivity. 
C) allergic rhinitis. 
D) anaphylactic shock. 
E) asthma.

Question 9

Compare lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine with those found elsewhere.

Accepted Answer

A) Lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine are called mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and they contain dividing lymphocytes.Lymphatic capillaries elsewhere house mature,non-dividing,lymphocytes. 
B) Lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine are called lymph corpuscles and they are involved in the immune response of the body.Lymphatic capillaries elsewhere are not involved in the immune response of the body. 
C) Lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine are called lymph corpuscles and they are not involved in the immune response of the body.Lymphatic capillaries elsewhere are involved in the immune response of the body. 
D) Lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine also absorb nutrients to deliver to the hepatic portal vein and are critical components of the hepatic portal system.Lymphatic capillaries elsewhere do not carry any nutrients in the lymph. 
E) Lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine are called lacteals and they transport lipids.Lymphatic capillaries elsewhere are associated with blood capillary networks. 
A) Lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine are called mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and they contain dividing lymphocytes.Lymphatic capillaries elsewhere house mature,non-dividing,lymphocytes. 
B) Lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine are called lymph corpuscles and they are involved in the immune response of the body.Lymphatic capillaries elsewhere are not involved in the immune response of the body. 
C) Lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine are called lymph corpuscles and they are not involved in the immune response of the body.Lymphatic capillaries elsewhere are involved in the immune response of the body. 
D) Lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine also absorb nutrients to deliver to the hepatic portal vein and are critical components of the hepatic portal system.Lymphatic capillaries elsewhere do not carry any nutrients in the lymph. 
E) Lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine are called lacteals and they transport lipids.Lymphatic capillaries elsewhere are associated with blood capillary networks.

Question 10

The thymus produces several complementary hormones called

Accepted Answer

A) catecholamines. 
B) thymosins. 
C) immunoglobulins. 
D) desmosomes. 
E) interferons. 
A) catecholamines. 
B) thymosins. 
C) immunoglobulins. 
D) desmosomes. 
E) interferons.

Question 11

Where are class I MHC proteins and class II MHC proteins found?

Accepted Answer

A) Class I MHC proteins are found on B cells and class II MHC proteins are found on T cells. 
B) Class I MHC proteins are found on T cells and class II MHC proteins are found on B cells. 
C) Class I MHC proteins are found on all nucleated body cells and class II MHC proteins are found on antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes. 
D) Class I MHC proteins are found on antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes and class II MHC proteins are found on all nucleated body cells. 
E) Class I MHC proteins are found on cells of the innate immune response and class II MHC proteins are found on cells of the adaptive immune response. 
A) Class I MHC proteins are found on B cells and class II MHC proteins are found on T cells. 
B) Class I MHC proteins are found on T cells and class II MHC proteins are found on B cells. 
C) Class I MHC proteins are found on all nucleated body cells and class II MHC proteins are found on antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes. 
D) Class I MHC proteins are found on antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes and class II MHC proteins are found on all nucleated body cells. 
E) Class I MHC proteins are found on cells of the innate immune response and class II MHC proteins are found on cells of the adaptive immune response.

Question 12

Define opsonization

Accepted Answer

A) Opsonization is the process by which antibodies binding superficial sites on the bacteria or toxins make the virus or toxin incapable of attaching itself to a cell. 
B) Opsonization is the formation of insoluble immune complexes. 
C) Opsonization is the process by which the coating of pathogens with antibodies and complement proteins makes the pathogens more susceptible to phagocytosis. 
D) Opsonization is the release of chemicals from basophils and mast cells. 
E) Opsonization is the binding of antibodies to the surface of the bacteria or virus causing inflammatory reactions. 
A) Opsonization is the process by which antibodies binding superficial sites on the bacteria or toxins make the virus or toxin incapable of attaching itself to a cell. 
B) Opsonization is the formation of insoluble immune complexes. 
C) Opsonization is the process by which the coating of pathogens with antibodies and complement proteins makes the pathogens more susceptible to phagocytosis. 
D) Opsonization is the release of chemicals from basophils and mast cells. 
E) Opsonization is the binding of antibodies to the surface of the bacteria or virus causing inflammatory reactions.

Question 13

Describe CD markers.

Accepted Answer

A) T cell plasma membranes contain cluster of differentiation (C
D) proteins involved in antigen recognition. 
B) B cell plasma membranes contain cluster of differentiation (C
D) proteins involved in antigen recognition. 
C) NK cell plasma membranes contain cluster of differentiation (C
D) proteins involved in antigen recognition. 
D) T cells contain cloning and division (C
D) proteins in the cytoplasm to allow them to activate and clone after an exposure to an antigen. 
E) B cells contain cloning and division (C
D) proteins in the cytoplasm to allow them to activate and clone after an exposure to an antigen. 
A) T cell plasma membranes contain cluster of differentiation (C
D) proteins involved in antigen recognition. 
B) B cell plasma membranes contain cluster of differentiation (C
D) proteins involved in antigen recognition. 
C) NK cell plasma membranes contain cluster of differentiation (C
D) proteins involved in antigen recognition. 
D) T cells contain cloning and division (C
D) proteins in the cytoplasm to allow them to activate and clone after an exposure to an antigen. 
E) B cells contain cloning and division (C
D) proteins in the cytoplasm to allow them to activate and clone after an exposure to an antigen.

Question 14

Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placenta from mother to fetus is called ________ immunity.

Accepted Answer

A) naturally acquired active 
B) naturally acquired passive 
C) passive 
D) auto 
E) innate 
A) naturally acquired active 
B) naturally acquired passive 
C) passive 
D) auto 
E) innate

Question 15

What types of immunity are stimulated by antigen presentation?

Accepted Answer

A) naturally acquired passive immunity 
B) cell-mediated immunity 
C) antibody-mediated immunity 
D) cell-mediated immunity and antibody-mediated immunity 
E) artificially acquired passive immunity 
A) naturally acquired passive immunity 
B) cell-mediated immunity 
C) antibody-mediated immunity 
D) cell-mediated immunity and antibody-mediated immunity 
E) artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 16

Various types of macrophages are derived from

Accepted Answer

A) lymphocytes. 
B) monocytes. 
C) neutrophils. 
D) eosinophils. 
E) basophils. 
A) lymphocytes. 
B) monocytes. 
C) neutrophils. 
D) eosinophils. 
E) basophils.

Question 17

In passive immunity,the

Accepted Answer

A) immune system attacks normal body cells. 
B) body is deliberately exposed to an antigen. 
C) body receives antibodies produced by other humans. 
D) body receives antibodies produced by an animal. 
E) body receives antibodies produced by other humans or the body receives antibodies produced by an animal. 
A) immune system attacks normal body cells. 
B) body is deliberately exposed to an antigen. 
C) body receives antibodies produced by other humans. 
D) body receives antibodies produced by an animal. 
E) body receives antibodies produced by other humans or the body receives antibodies produced by an animal.

Question 18

What is the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)?

Accepted Answer

A) The major histocompatibility complex is a collection of circulating proteins that bind pathogens and enhance phagocytosis. 
B) The major histocompatibility complex is a cell membrane barrier that blocks pathogens from entering cells if the MHC barrier is expressed. 
C) The major histocompatibility complex is the term for the coordinated antibody-mediated response to a pathogen. 
D) The major histocompatibility complex is a portion of chromosome 12 that contains genes that control the production of anti-viral proteins by normal cells. 
E) The major histocompatibility complex is a portion of chromosome 6 that contains genes that control the synthesis of membrane glycoproteins. 
A) The major histocompatibility complex is a collection of circulating proteins that bind pathogens and enhance phagocytosis. 
B) The major histocompatibility complex is a cell membrane barrier that blocks pathogens from entering cells if the MHC barrier is expressed. 
C) The major histocompatibility complex is the term for the coordinated antibody-mediated response to a pathogen. 
D) The major histocompatibility complex is a portion of chromosome 12 that contains genes that control the production of anti-viral proteins by normal cells. 
E) The major histocompatibility complex is a portion of chromosome 6 that contains genes that control the synthesis of membrane glycoproteins.

Question 19

Regulatory T cells act to

Accepted Answer

A) inhibit T and B cell activities. 
B) erase memory T cells. 
C) limit antigen proliferation. 
D) suppress antigens. 
E) produce antibodies involved in autoimmunity. 
A) inhibit T and B cell activities. 
B) erase memory T cells. 
C) limit antigen proliferation. 
D) suppress antigens. 
E) produce antibodies involved in autoimmunity.

Question 20

The cells responsible for producing antibody molecules are ________ cells.

Accepted Answer

A) NK 
B) plasma 
C) helper T 
D) thymus 
E) liver 
A) NK 
B) plasma 
C) helper T 
D) thymus 
E) liver

Exam 20: The Lymphatic System and Immunity

Describe the drainage of the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct.

Before specific defenses are activated,most antigens must

In an experimental situation,a rabbit is exposed to a viral antigen to which it makes antibodies.These antibodies are then purified and injected into a human with the same viral disease.This is an example of

Nonspecific defenses would not include

Which cells maintain the blood thymus barrier?

Compared to blood capillaries,lymph capillaries exhibit all of the following except that they

Define interferons.

An allergen circulating in the bloodstream affects mast cells throughout the body,dropping blood pressure to dangerously low levels.This response is termed

Compare lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine with those found elsewhere.

The thymus produces several complementary hormones called

Where are class I MHC proteins and class II MHC proteins found?

Define opsonization

Describe CD markers.

Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placenta from mother to fetus is called ________ immunity.

What types of immunity are stimulated by antigen presentation?

Various types of macrophages are derived from

In passive immunity,the

What is the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)?

Regulatory T cells act to

The cells responsible for producing antibody molecules are ________ cells.

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Level of Organization

Cellular Level of Organization

Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Skeleton

Joints

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain, cranial Nerves, and Sensory and Motor Pathways

The Autonomic Nervous System

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart and Cardiovascular Function

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, nutrition, and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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