Question 1

The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the

Accepted Answer

A) T cells. 
B) B cells. 
C) NK cells. 
D) phagocytes. 
E) plasma cells. 
A) T cells. 
B) B cells. 
C) NK cells. 
D) phagocytes. 
E) plasma cells.

Question 2

Areas of the spleen that contain large aggregations of lymphocytes are known as

Accepted Answer

A) Peyer's patches. 
B) adenoids. 
C) white pulp. 
D) red pulp. 
E) lymph nodes. 
A) Peyer's patches. 
B) adenoids. 
C) white pulp. 
D) red pulp. 
E) lymph nodes.

Question 3

After puberty,the thymus gradually shrinks and becomes more fibrous,in a process called

Accepted Answer

A) atrophy. 
B) diminishment. 
C) necrosis. 
D) involution. 
E) conversion. 
A) atrophy. 
B) diminishment. 
C) necrosis. 
D) involution. 
E) conversion.

Question 4

Describe antigen presentation.

Accepted Answer

Antigen presentation occurs when an anti

Question 5

________ will develop when the immune response mistakenly targets normal body cells and tissues.

Accepted Answer

A) Autoimmune disorders 
B) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome 
C) Immunosuppression 
D) Anaphylaxis 
E) Allergies 
A) Autoimmune disorders 
B) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome 
C) Immunosuppression 
D) Anaphylaxis 
E) Allergies

Question 6

Antibodies may bind to superficial sites on bacteria or other toxins,making the toxin incapable of attaching itself to a cell.This mechanism is known as

Accepted Answer

A) opsonization. 
B) agglutination. 
C) phagocytosis. 
D) neutralization. 
E) costimulation. 
A) opsonization. 
B) agglutination. 
C) phagocytosis. 
D) neutralization. 
E) costimulation.

Question 7

What is the function of lymphatic vessels?

Accepted Answer

A) The function of lymphatic vessels is to transport blood throughout peripheral tissues of the body. 
B) The function of lymphatic vessels is to provide a site for lymphocyte maturation. 
C) The function of lymphatic vessels is to transport lymph from peripheral tissues to the venous system. 
D) The function of lymphatic vessels is to detect pathogens before they reach the vital organs of the trunk and to help filter the lymph. 
E) The function of lymphatic vessels is to produce hormones that help the development of functional T cells. 
A) The function of lymphatic vessels is to transport blood throughout peripheral tissues of the body. 
B) The function of lymphatic vessels is to provide a site for lymphocyte maturation. 
C) The function of lymphatic vessels is to transport lymph from peripheral tissues to the venous system. 
D) The function of lymphatic vessels is to detect pathogens before they reach the vital organs of the trunk and to help filter the lymph. 
E) The function of lymphatic vessels is to produce hormones that help the development of functional T cells.

Question 8

Define autoimmune disorders.

Accepted Answer

A) Autoimmune disorders are conditions that result from the production of antibodies directed against normal antigens in the body. 
B) Autoimmune disorders are an inadequate immune responses due to problems with embryonic development of lymphoid organs and tissues,a viral infection,or treatment with or exposure to immunosuppressive agents. 
C) Autoimmune disorders are an immune response to a circulating antigen that stimulates mast cells throughout the body to release chemicals that prompt the inflammatory response. 
D) Autoimmune disorders are excessive immune reactions of antibodies to a virus-infected cell. 
E) Autoimmune disorders are excessive immune responses to an allergen,which is an antigen that triggers an allergic reaction. 
A) Autoimmune disorders are conditions that result from the production of antibodies directed against normal antigens in the body. 
B) Autoimmune disorders are an inadequate immune responses due to problems with embryonic development of lymphoid organs and tissues,a viral infection,or treatment with or exposure to immunosuppressive agents. 
C) Autoimmune disorders are an immune response to a circulating antigen that stimulates mast cells throughout the body to release chemicals that prompt the inflammatory response. 
D) Autoimmune disorders are excessive immune reactions of antibodies to a virus-infected cell. 
E) Autoimmune disorders are excessive immune responses to an allergen,which is an antigen that triggers an allergic reaction.

Question 9

The cells that perform immunological surveillance are the ________ cells.

Accepted Answer

A) NK 
B) plasma 
C) B 
D) helper T 
E) suppressor T 
A) NK 
B) plasma 
C) B 
D) helper T 
E) suppressor T

Question 10

When an antigen is bound to a Class II MHC protein,it can activate a(n)________ cell.

Accepted Answer

A) plasma 
B) CD4 T 
C) NK 
D) suppressor T 
E) cytotoxic T 
A) plasma 
B) CD4 T 
C) NK 
D) suppressor T 
E) cytotoxic T

Question 11

________ are large lymphoid nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx.

Accepted Answer

A) Tonsils 
B) Peyer's patches 
C) Lymph nodes 
D) Immune complexes 
E) Spleens 
A) Tonsils 
B) Peyer's patches 
C) Lymph nodes 
D) Immune complexes 
E) Spleens

Question 12

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),which causes the disease known as AIDS,selectively infects ________ cells.

Accepted Answer

A) B 
B) plasma 
C) cytotoxic T 
D) helper T 
E) suppressor T 
A) B 
B) plasma 
C) cytotoxic T 
D) helper T 
E) suppressor T

Question 13

The process by which antibodies bind to the antigen on the surface of cells,forming large immune complexes,is called

Accepted Answer

A) neutralization. 
B) opsonization. 
C) agglutination. 
D) antigen presentation. 
E) sensitization. 
A) neutralization. 
B) opsonization. 
C) agglutination. 
D) antigen presentation. 
E) sensitization.

Question 14

Which of these statements about lymph flow in a node is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Lymph enters in an afferent lymphatic vessel. 
B) Lymph first enters the subcapsular space. 
C) Lymph flows past dendritic cells. 
D) The efferent lymphatic vessel exits at the hilum. 
E) The afferent lymphatic vessel enters at the hilum. 
A) Lymph enters in an afferent lymphatic vessel. 
B) Lymph first enters the subcapsular space. 
C) Lymph flows past dendritic cells. 
D) The efferent lymphatic vessel exits at the hilum. 
E) The afferent lymphatic vessel enters at the hilum.

Question 15

Define tonsil,and name the five tonsils.

Accepted Answer

Tonsils are large lymphoid nod

Question 16

Inflammation produces all of the localized effects except

Accepted Answer

A) increased swelling. 
B) increased redness. 
C) increased heat. 
D) increased pain. 
E) decreased blood flow. 
A) increased swelling. 
B) increased redness. 
C) increased heat. 
D) increased pain. 
E) decreased blood flow.

Question 17

What is the effect of histamine release?

Accepted Answer

A) Histamine induces fever to accelerate tissue metabolism and defenses. 
B) Histamine increases local inflammation,increasing blood flow to the area. 
C) Histamine increases blood clotting and causes vasoconstriction to restrict blood loss. 
D) Histamine triggers the production of antiviral proteins in the cytoplasm of normal cells. 
E) Histamine binds to bacterial surfaces and enhances phagocytosis. 
A) Histamine induces fever to accelerate tissue metabolism and defenses. 
B) Histamine increases local inflammation,increasing blood flow to the area. 
C) Histamine increases blood clotting and causes vasoconstriction to restrict blood loss. 
D) Histamine triggers the production of antiviral proteins in the cytoplasm of normal cells. 
E) Histamine binds to bacterial surfaces and enhances phagocytosis.

Question 18

Define sensitization.

Accepted Answer

Sensitization is the process by which a

Question 19

Explain how an NK cell would destroy a cancer cell.Identify the portion of the NK cell that plays a key role in this abnormal-cell destruction.

Accepted Answer

Step 1: A cell may have unusual componen

Question 20

How does the integumentary system protect the body?

Accepted Answer

The integumentary system provides a phys

Exam 20: The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the

Areas of the spleen that contain large aggregations of lymphocytes are known as

After puberty,the thymus gradually shrinks and becomes more fibrous,in a process called

Describe antigen presentation.

________ will develop when the immune response mistakenly targets normal body cells and tissues.

Antibodies may bind to superficial sites on bacteria or other toxins,making the toxin incapable of attaching itself to a cell.This mechanism is known as

What is the function of lymphatic vessels?

Define autoimmune disorders.

The cells that perform immunological surveillance are the ________ cells.

When an antigen is bound to a Class II MHC protein,it can activate a(n)________ cell.

________ are large lymphoid nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),which causes the disease known as AIDS,selectively infects ________ cells.

The process by which antibodies bind to the antigen on the surface of cells,forming large immune complexes,is called

Which of these statements about lymph flow in a node is false?

Define tonsil,and name the five tonsils.

Inflammation produces all of the localized effects except

What is the effect of histamine release?

Define sensitization.

Explain how an NK cell would destroy a cancer cell.Identify the portion of the NK cell that plays a key role in this abnormal-cell destruction.

How does the integumentary system protect the body?

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Level of Organization

Cellular Level of Organization

Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Skeleton

Joints

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain, cranial Nerves, and Sensory and Motor Pathways

The Autonomic Nervous System

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart and Cardiovascular Function

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, nutrition, and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters