Question 1

Gestalt psychologists used _____ to show how perception of a whole object or scene can influence judgments about its individual elements.

Accepted Answer

A) illusions 
B) visual hallucinations 
C) reinforcement 
D) dream analysis 
A) illusions 
B) visual hallucinations 
C) reinforcement 
D) dream analysis

Question 2

In the late 1800s, Charcot and Janet noted that symptoms of hysteria were eliminated when patients:

Accepted Answer

A) were paid for not exhibiting those symptoms. 
B) received electroconvulsive shock therapy. 
C) were hypnotized. 
D) introspected on the causes of their hysteria. 
A) were paid for not exhibiting those symptoms. 
B) received electroconvulsive shock therapy. 
C) were hypnotized. 
D) introspected on the causes of their hysteria.

Question 3

The first laboratory devoted exclusively to psychology as an independent field of study opened in:

Accepted Answer

A) Paris in 1859. 
B) Leipzig in 1879. 
C) Berlin in 1889. 
D) Cornell University in 1909. 
A) Paris in 1859. 
B) Leipzig in 1879. 
C) Berlin in 1889. 
D) Cornell University in 1909.

Question 4

Watson criticized the introspective methods of the structuralists and functionalists primarily because:

Accepted Answer

A) the use of these methods necessitated a belief in the existence of mental events. 
B) introspection cannot produce replicable and objective measures required by science. 
C) the stimulus-response introspective model was overly simplistic. 
D) reaction time was an unreliable dependent measure. 
A) the use of these methods necessitated a belief in the existence of mental events. 
B) introspection cannot produce replicable and objective measures required by science. 
C) the stimulus-response introspective model was overly simplistic. 
D) reaction time was an unreliable dependent measure.

Question 5

Gordon Allport proposed that prejudice was:

Accepted Answer

A) primarily reinforced behavior. 
B) the result of a perceptual error. 
C) highly dependent upon culture. 
D) highly dependent upon group size. 
A) primarily reinforced behavior. 
B) the result of a perceptual error. 
C) highly dependent upon culture. 
D) highly dependent upon group size.

Question 6

Plato is to _____ as Aristotle is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) philosophical structuralism; nativism 
B) nativism; philosophical empiricism 
C) nativism; dualism 
D) dualism; nativism 
A) philosophical structuralism; nativism 
B) nativism; philosophical empiricism 
C) nativism; dualism 
D) dualism; nativism

Question 7

If you are having trouble finding your cat, you may try shaking the can that contains its treats. The sound of the treats as you shake the can would be a:

Accepted Answer

A) response. 
B) stimulus. 
C) stimulus-response relation. 
D) reinforcer. 
A) response. 
B) stimulus. 
C) stimulus-response relation. 
D) reinforcer.

Question 8

A participant seated in an otherwise dark room stares at the flickering of a lit candle and reports on her subjective experiences, such as the visual experience of the candle flickering and the hepatic sensation of warmth. The psychologist conducting this experiment is most likely to be _____, and the method being used is _____.

Accepted Answer

A) Wundt; psychoanalysis 
B) Wundt; introspection 
C) James; functionalism 
D) Titchener; functionalism 
A) Wundt; psychoanalysis 
B) Wundt; introspection 
C) James; functionalism 
D) Titchener; functionalism

Question 9

Frederic Bartlett differed from Hermann Ebbinghaus in that Bartlett believed that:

Accepted Answer

A) memory is an unobservable construct that cannot be empirically studied. 
B) memory operates like a photographic reproduction of past experience. 
C) nonsense syllables should be used in memory research to control for previous learning. 
D) memory studies should involve information that people encounter in everyday life. 
A) memory is an unobservable construct that cannot be empirically studied. 
B) memory operates like a photographic reproduction of past experience. 
C) nonsense syllables should be used in memory research to control for previous learning. 
D) memory studies should involve information that people encounter in everyday life.

Question 10

Solomon Asch was a social psychologist whose research interests were shaped, in part, by the:

Accepted Answer

A) American civil rights movement. 
B) development of computers. 
C) Holocaust. 
D) theory of language development. 
A) American civil rights movement. 
B) development of computers. 
C) Holocaust. 
D) theory of language development.

Question 11

Which approach to psychology links psychological processes to activities in the nervous system and other bodily processes?

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive psychology 
B) cognitive psychotherapy 
C) behavioral neuroscience 
D) evolutionary psychology 
A) cognitive psychology 
B) cognitive psychotherapy 
C) behavioral neuroscience 
D) evolutionary psychology

Question 12

Dee and Soleila watch a YouTube clip of "Mrs. Memory" reciting pi for thousands of digits. Dee is impressed but Soleila wonders if Mrs. Memory can remember what her husband asked her to purchase at the grocery store. Soleila's concern echoes _____ critique of the research of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) Noam Chomsky's; B. F. Skinner 
B) John Watson's; William James 
C) Frederic Bartlett's; Hermann Ebbinghaus 
D) Kurt Lewin's; B. F. Skinner 
A) Noam Chomsky's; B. F. Skinner 
B) John Watson's; William James 
C) Frederic Bartlett's; Hermann Ebbinghaus 
D) Kurt Lewin's; B. F. Skinner

Question 13

Who was the first female president of the American Psychological Association?

Accepted Answer

A) Mary Whiton Calkins 
B) Francis Cecil Sumner 
C) Anna Freud 
D) Margaret Floy Washburn 
A) Mary Whiton Calkins 
B) Francis Cecil Sumner 
C) Anna Freud 
D) Margaret Floy Washburn

Question 14

Who was the first African American to receive a PhD in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A) Mary Whiton Calkins 
B) Kenneth Clark 
C) Francis Cecil Sumner 
D) Margaret Floy Washburn 
A) Mary Whiton Calkins 
B) Kenneth Clark 
C) Francis Cecil Sumner 
D) Margaret Floy Washburn

Question 15

What is the difference between a clinical psychologist and a psychiatrist?

Accepted Answer

A) A clinical psychologist can only work in schools. 
B) A psychiatrist is a medical doctor, whereas a clinical psychologist is a PhD. 
C) Only a clinical psychologist can prescribe medication. 
D) A psychiatrist goes to graduate school for years longer than a clinical psychologist. 
A) A clinical psychologist can only work in schools. 
B) A psychiatrist is a medical doctor, whereas a clinical psychologist is a PhD. 
C) Only a clinical psychologist can prescribe medication. 
D) A psychiatrist goes to graduate school for years longer than a clinical psychologist.

Question 16

Which school of psychology was most concerned with the adaptive importance of mental processes?

Accepted Answer

A) structuralism 
B) functionalism 
C) behaviorism 
D) empiricism 
A) structuralism 
B) functionalism 
C) behaviorism 
D) empiricism

Question 17

The problem of dualism refers to how:

Accepted Answer

A) different areas in the brain control different types of behavior and cognition. 
B) mental activity can be reconciled and coordinated with physical behavior. 
C) brain activity produces consciousness. 
D) both genetic and environmental factors influence human behavior. 
A) different areas in the brain control different types of behavior and cognition. 
B) mental activity can be reconciled and coordinated with physical behavior. 
C) brain activity produces consciousness. 
D) both genetic and environmental factors influence human behavior.

Question 18

The research of Flourens and Broca:

Accepted Answer

A) established phrenology as a true science. 
B) confirmed Descartes' belief that the mind and body were linked via the pineal gland. 
C) is consistent with the view of the mind held by Thomas Hobbes. 
D) demonstrated that mental processes can occur independently of brain activity. 
A) established phrenology as a true science. 
B) confirmed Descartes' belief that the mind and body were linked via the pineal gland. 
C) is consistent with the view of the mind held by Thomas Hobbes. 
D) demonstrated that mental processes can occur independently of brain activity.

Question 19

The study of biological processes, especially those of the human body, is called:

Accepted Answer

A) psychology. 
B) anatomy. 
C) phrenology. 
D) physiology. 
A) psychology. 
B) anatomy. 
C) phrenology. 
D) physiology.

Question 20

In the late 1800s, a temporary loss of cognitive or motor function, usually as a result of emotionally upsetting experiences, was termed:

Accepted Answer

A) agoraphobia. 
B) hysteria. 
C) neurosis. 
D) generalized anxiety. 
A) agoraphobia. 
B) hysteria. 
C) neurosis. 
D) generalized anxiety.

Exam 1: Section 2: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Gestalt psychologists used _____ to show how perception of a whole object or scene can influence judgments about its individual elements.

In the late 1800s, Charcot and Janet noted that symptoms of hysteria were eliminated when patients:

The first laboratory devoted exclusively to psychology as an independent field of study opened in:

Watson criticized the introspective methods of the structuralists and functionalists primarily because:

Gordon Allport proposed that prejudice was:

Plato is to _____ as Aristotle is to _____.

If you are having trouble finding your cat, you may try shaking the can that contains its treats. The sound of the treats as you shake the can would be a:

Frederic Bartlett differed from Hermann Ebbinghaus in that Bartlett believed that:

Solomon Asch was a social psychologist whose research interests were shaped, in part, by the:

Which approach to psychology links psychological processes to activities in the nervous system and other bodily processes?

Dee and Soleila watch a YouTube clip of "Mrs. Memory" reciting pi for thousands of digits. Dee is impressed but Soleila wonders if Mrs. Memory can remember what her husband asked her to purchase at the grocery store. Soleila's concern echoes _____ critique of the research of _____.

Who was the first female president of the American Psychological Association?

Who was the first African American to receive a PhD in psychology?

What is the difference between a clinical psychologist and a psychiatrist?

Which school of psychology was most concerned with the adaptive importance of mental processes?

The problem of dualism refers to how:

The research of Flourens and Broca:

The study of biological processes, especially those of the human body, is called:

In the late 1800s, a temporary loss of cognitive or motor function, usually as a result of emotionally upsetting experiences, was termed:

Section 1: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 3: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 4 : Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 5: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 6 : Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 1: Methods in Psychology

Section 2: Methods in Psychology

Section 3: Methods in Psychology

Section 4: Methods in Psychology

Section 5: Methods in Psychology

Section 6: Methods in Psychology

Section 1: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 3: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 4: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 5: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 6: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 1 : Sensation and Perception

Section 2: Sensation and Perception

Section 3: Sensation and Perception

Section 4: Sensation and Perception

Section 5: Sensation and Perception

Section 6: Sensation and Perception

Section 1: Consciousness

Section 2: Consciousness

Section 3: Consciousness

Section 4: Consciousness

Section 5: Consciousness

Section 6: Consciousness

Section 1: Memory

Section 2: Memory

Section 3: Memory

Section 4: Memory

Section 5: Memory

Section 6: Memory

Section 1: Learning

Section 2: Learning

Section 3: Learning

Section 4: Learning

Section 5 : Learning

Section 6: Learning

Section 1: Emotion and Motivation

Section 2: Emotion and Motivation

Section 3: Emotion and Motivation

Section 4: Emotion and Motivation

Section 5: Emotion and Motivation

Section 6: Emotion and Motivation

Section 1: Language and Thought

Section 2: Language and Thought

Section 3: Language and Thought

Section 4: Language and Thought

Section 5: Language and Thought

Section 6: Language and Thought

Section 1: Intelligence

Section 2: Intelligence

Section 3: Intelligence

Section 4 : Intelligence

Section 5: Intelligence

Section 6 : Intelligence

Section 1: Development

Plato is to _ as Aristotle is to _.

Dee and Soleila watch a YouTube clip of "Mrs. Memory" reciting pi for thousands of digits. Dee is impressed but Soleila wonders if Mrs. Memory can remember what her husband asked her to purchase at the grocery store. Soleila's concern echoes _ critique of the research of _.