Question 1

A psychological approach that stressed a person's potential for positive growth was developed by:

Accepted Answer

A) Freud and Jung. 
B) Skinner and Watson. 
C) Rogers and Maslow. 
D) Gall and Broca. 
A) Freud and Jung. 
B) Skinner and Watson. 
C) Rogers and Maslow. 
D) Gall and Broca.

Question 2

William James is to _____ as John Watson is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) Charles Darwin; Ivan Pavlov 
B) Wilhelm Wundt; B. F. Skinner 
C) Edward Titchener; Rosalie Rayner 
D) B. F. Skinner; Margaret Floy Washburn 
A) Charles Darwin; Ivan Pavlov 
B) Wilhelm Wundt; B. F. Skinner 
C) Edward Titchener; Rosalie Rayner 
D) B. F. Skinner; Margaret Floy Washburn

Question 3

Which accomplishment was G. Stanley Hall NOT the first to achieve?

Accepted Answer

A) Open a psychological laboratory in the United States. 
B) Establish an empirical journal devoted to publishing psychological research. 
C) Establish a professional association for psychologists. 
D) Measure the speed of a nervous impulse. 
A) Open a psychological laboratory in the United States. 
B) Establish an empirical journal devoted to publishing psychological research. 
C) Establish a professional association for psychologists. 
D) Measure the speed of a nervous impulse.

Question 4

Whereas Wundt was interested in the relationship between the elements of consciousness, Titchener was interested in identifying the:

Accepted Answer

A) basic elements themselves. 
B) functional value of those elements. 
C) behavioral correlates of those elements. 
D) cross-cultural differences in those elemental relationships. 
A) basic elements themselves. 
B) functional value of those elements. 
C) behavioral correlates of those elements. 
D) cross-cultural differences in those elemental relationships.

Question 5

Gordon Allport was a social psychologist whose research interests on stereotyping were shaped, in large part, by:

Accepted Answer

A) the American civil rights movement. 
B) Gestalt psychology. 
C) his experiences in Nazi Germany. 
D) the emergence of cognitive neuroscience. 
A) the American civil rights movement. 
B) Gestalt psychology. 
C) his experiences in Nazi Germany. 
D) the emergence of cognitive neuroscience.

Question 6

Which scenario represents the principle of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) doing the same thing over and over again regardless of the consequences 
B) blinking when a particle lands in your eye 
C) studying hard because it results in good grades 
D) introspecting about a pleasurable experience in your life 
A) doing the same thing over and over again regardless of the consequences 
B) blinking when a particle lands in your eye 
C) studying hard because it results in good grades 
D) introspecting about a pleasurable experience in your life

Question 7

Gestalt psychologists believed that:

Accepted Answer

A) visual illusions are caused by faulty thinking. 
B) the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. 
C) images are produced in different parts of the brain. 
D) hallucinations are the result of a chemical imbalance in the brain. 
A) visual illusions are caused by faulty thinking. 
B) the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. 
C) images are produced in different parts of the brain. 
D) hallucinations are the result of a chemical imbalance in the brain.

Question 8

Psychoanalysis became quite controversial in American culture because it:

Accepted Answer

A) proposed that behavior was governed, in part, by unconscious sexual desires. 
B) lacked empirical support for its effectiveness. 
C) denied the existence of the mind and human free will. 
D) focused only on observable behavior and ignored the role of cognition. 
A) proposed that behavior was governed, in part, by unconscious sexual desires. 
B) lacked empirical support for its effectiveness. 
C) denied the existence of the mind and human free will. 
D) focused only on observable behavior and ignored the role of cognition.

Question 9

Today, psychologists believe that mental processes:

Accepted Answer

A) arise from electrical and chemical activities of the brain. 
B) arise from a nonphysical mind interacting with the pineal gland in the brain. 
C) are not proper subject matter for science research. 
D) usually are not adaptive in helping us function effectively in the world. 
A) arise from electrical and chemical activities of the brain. 
B) arise from a nonphysical mind interacting with the pineal gland in the brain. 
C) are not proper subject matter for science research. 
D) usually are not adaptive in helping us function effectively in the world.

Question 10

Which of these is NOT a hub science as identified by Kevin Boyack and his colleagues (2005) in their article "Mapping the Backbone of Science"?

Accepted Answer

A) neuroscience 
B) psychology 
C) chemistry 
D) physics 
A) neuroscience 
B) psychology 
C) chemistry 
D) physics

Question 11

The American Psychological Association was originally made up of academic psychologists; today nearly _____ percent of its members work in clinical and health-related settings.

Accepted Answer

A) 90 
B) 70 
C) 40 
D) 10 
A) 90 
B) 70 
C) 40 
D) 10

Question 12

William James is to _____ as John Watson is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) functionalism; behaviorism 
B) functionalism; structuralism 
C) structuralism; behaviorism 
D) structuralism; functionalism 
A) functionalism; behaviorism 
B) functionalism; structuralism 
C) structuralism; behaviorism 
D) structuralism; functionalism

Question 13

In the 1950s, the advent of computers had an enormous influence on how psychologists conceptualized the mind. In this conceptualization, the brain was analogous to:

Accepted Answer

A) computer hardware 
B) computer software 
C) an electrical source 
D) programming language 
A) computer hardware 
B) computer software 
C) an electrical source 
D) programming language

Question 14

Sandy's children would accidentally drop pieces of food under the table during family dinners, so Sandy's dog, Lola, learned to sit under the dinner table as a good place to receive food. Lola's behavior has been influenced by:

Accepted Answer

A) consciousness. 
B) reinforcement. 
C) punishment. 
D) reaction time. 
A) consciousness. 
B) reinforcement. 
C) punishment. 
D) reaction time.

Question 15

A teacher praises a student for asking a good question. Which psychologist would state that the effect of praise on subsequent behavior depended on the student's subjective experience of it?

Accepted Answer

A) B. F. Skinner 
B) Kurt Lewin 
C) Jean Piaget 
D) Frederic Bartlett 
A) B. F. Skinner 
B) Kurt Lewin 
C) Jean Piaget 
D) Frederic Bartlett

Question 16

The Association for Psychological Science was formed:

Accepted Answer

A) by cognitive psychologists rebelling against John Watson's behaviorism. 
B) before the founding of the American Psychological Association. 
C) when academic psychologists wanted an organization that focused on the needs of psychologists carrying out scientific research. 
D) as a result of a union of the American Psychological Association and the European Psychological Association. 
A) by cognitive psychologists rebelling against John Watson's behaviorism. 
B) before the founding of the American Psychological Association. 
C) when academic psychologists wanted an organization that focused on the needs of psychologists carrying out scientific research. 
D) as a result of a union of the American Psychological Association and the European Psychological Association.

Question 17

Who wrote the landmark book entitled Cognitive Psychology (1967)?

Accepted Answer

A) George Miller 
B) Noam Chomsky 
C) Donald Broadbent 
D) Ulric Neisser 
A) George Miller 
B) Noam Chomsky 
C) Donald Broadbent 
D) Ulric Neisser

Question 18

Kerrie wants to understand how perceptions, beliefs, and memories activate different regions in the brain. Which field of psychology would you suggest Kerrie explore?

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive psychology 
B) structuralism 
C) evolutionary psychology 
D) cognitive neuroscience 
A) cognitive psychology 
B) structuralism 
C) evolutionary psychology 
D) cognitive neuroscience

Question 19

A college student taking introductory psychology decides to test Piaget's theories of mental development on her 3-year-old brother who loves hot dogs and is very hungry. She shows him two hot dogs. Then, while he is watching, she breaks one of the hot dogs in half. She asks if he would like one hot dog (the intact hot dog) or two hot dogs (the hot dog cut in half). Consistent with Piaget's findings, the child:

Accepted Answer

A) selects the intact hot dog. 
B) selects the hot dog cut in half. 
C) says she is silly because both are the same. 
D) becomes confused and starts crying. 
A) selects the intact hot dog. 
B) selects the hot dog cut in half. 
C) says she is silly because both are the same. 
D) becomes confused and starts crying.

Question 20

According to John Watson, the goal of a scientific psychology was to:

Accepted Answer

A) predict and control behavior. 
B) understand both the structure and function of consciousness. 
C) determine the neural mechanisms underlying behavior and thought. 
D) ease psychological distress and help people reach their fullest potential. 
A) predict and control behavior. 
B) understand both the structure and function of consciousness. 
C) determine the neural mechanisms underlying behavior and thought. 
D) ease psychological distress and help people reach their fullest potential.

Exam 1: Section 2: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

A psychological approach that stressed a person's potential for positive growth was developed by:

William James is to _____ as John Watson is to _____.

Which accomplishment was G. Stanley Hall NOT the first to achieve?

Whereas Wundt was interested in the relationship between the elements of consciousness, Titchener was interested in identifying the:

Gordon Allport was a social psychologist whose research interests on stereotyping were shaped, in large part, by:

Which scenario represents the principle of reinforcement?

Gestalt psychologists believed that:

Psychoanalysis became quite controversial in American culture because it:

Today, psychologists believe that mental processes:

Which of these is NOT a hub science as identified by Kevin Boyack and his colleagues (2005) in their article "Mapping the Backbone of Science"?

The American Psychological Association was originally made up of academic psychologists; today nearly _____ percent of its members work in clinical and health-related settings.

William James is to _____ as John Watson is to _____.

In the 1950s, the advent of computers had an enormous influence on how psychologists conceptualized the mind. In this conceptualization, the brain was analogous to:

Sandy's children would accidentally drop pieces of food under the table during family dinners, so Sandy's dog, Lola, learned to sit under the dinner table as a good place to receive food. Lola's behavior has been influenced by:

A teacher praises a student for asking a good question. Which psychologist would state that the effect of praise on subsequent behavior depended on the student's subjective experience of it?

The Association for Psychological Science was formed:

Who wrote the landmark book entitled Cognitive Psychology (1967)?

Kerrie wants to understand how perceptions, beliefs, and memories activate different regions in the brain. Which field of psychology would you suggest Kerrie explore?

According to John Watson, the goal of a scientific psychology was to:

Section 1: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 3: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 4 : Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 5: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 6 : Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 1: Methods in Psychology

Section 2: Methods in Psychology

Section 3: Methods in Psychology

Section 4: Methods in Psychology

Section 5: Methods in Psychology

Section 6: Methods in Psychology

Section 1: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 3: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 4: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 5: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 6: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 1 : Sensation and Perception

Section 2: Sensation and Perception

Section 3: Sensation and Perception

Section 4: Sensation and Perception

Section 5: Sensation and Perception

Section 6: Sensation and Perception

Section 1: Consciousness

Section 2: Consciousness

Section 3: Consciousness

Section 4: Consciousness

Section 5: Consciousness

Section 6: Consciousness

Section 1: Memory

Section 2: Memory

Section 3: Memory

Section 4: Memory

Section 5: Memory

Section 6: Memory

Section 1: Learning

Section 2: Learning

Section 3: Learning

Section 4: Learning

Section 5 : Learning

Section 6: Learning

Section 1: Emotion and Motivation

Section 2: Emotion and Motivation

Section 3: Emotion and Motivation

Section 4: Emotion and Motivation

Section 5: Emotion and Motivation

Section 6: Emotion and Motivation

Section 1: Language and Thought

Section 2: Language and Thought

Section 3: Language and Thought

Section 4: Language and Thought

Section 5: Language and Thought

Section 6: Language and Thought

Section 1: Intelligence

Section 2: Intelligence

Section 3: Intelligence

Section 4 : Intelligence

Section 5: Intelligence

Section 6 : Intelligence

Section 1: Development

William James is to _ as John Watson is to _.

William James is to _ as John Watson is to _.