Question 1

Which linguist published a devastating critique of Skinner's theory of language development?

Accepted Answer

A) George Miller 
B) Noam Chomsky 
C) Donald Broadbent 
D) Ulric Neisser 
A) George Miller 
B) Noam Chomsky 
C) Donald Broadbent 
D) Ulric Neisser

Question 2

The unpredictable nature of results from introspection contributed to the decline of:

Accepted Answer

A) empiricism. 
B) functionalism. 
C) humanism. 
D) structuralism. 
A) empiricism. 
B) functionalism. 
C) humanism. 
D) structuralism.

Question 3

The fact that very young children almost universally master the basics of language without formal training is most consistent with:

Accepted Answer

A) Plato's nativism. 
B) Gall's phrenology. 
C) Aristotle's philosophical empiricism. 
D) Locke's tabula rasa. 
A) Plato's nativism. 
B) Gall's phrenology. 
C) Aristotle's philosophical empiricism. 
D) Locke's tabula rasa.

Question 4

In Pavlov's research, dogs' salivation is an example of a:

Accepted Answer

A) stimulus 
B) response 
C) construal of a stimulus 
D) reinforcer 
A) stimulus 
B) response 
C) construal of a stimulus 
D) reinforcer

Question 5

Through research on visual illusions, Gestalt psychologists demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

A) visual illusions can be used as screens for psychological disorders. 
B) visual illusions allow access to the unconscious mind. 
C) the mind imposes organization on what it perceives. 
D) the mind often fails to perceive a unified whole from a disjointed image. 
A) visual illusions can be used as screens for psychological disorders. 
B) visual illusions allow access to the unconscious mind. 
C) the mind imposes organization on what it perceives. 
D) the mind often fails to perceive a unified whole from a disjointed image.

Question 6

The study of the causes and consequences of sociality is called:

Accepted Answer

A) cultural psychology. 
B) cognitive psychology. 
C) sociobiology. 
D) social psychology. 
A) cultural psychology. 
B) cognitive psychology. 
C) sociobiology. 
D) social psychology.

Question 7

Which is the primary reason why modern psychologists study lapses, errors, and mistakes in behavior and cognition?

Accepted Answer

A) They are more intriguing than normal psychological functioning. 
B) They allow us to learn about the normal operations of mental life and behavior. 
C) They provide a window into the sexual urges of the unconscious. 
D) They vividly illustrate the fact that most psychological functioning is not adaptive. 
A) They are more intriguing than normal psychological functioning. 
B) They allow us to learn about the normal operations of mental life and behavior. 
C) They provide a window into the sexual urges of the unconscious. 
D) They vividly illustrate the fact that most psychological functioning is not adaptive.

Question 8

Wundt argued that James's approach to psychology was flawed because James:

Accepted Answer

A) relied too much on introspection as a research method. 
B) did not conduct much laboratory research. 
C) unnecessarily constrained his research to observable behavior. 
D) advocated a theory inconsistent with the tenets of natural selection. 
A) relied too much on introspection as a research method. 
B) did not conduct much laboratory research. 
C) unnecessarily constrained his research to observable behavior. 
D) advocated a theory inconsistent with the tenets of natural selection.

Question 9

In terms of its subject matter for analysis, which school of psychology most differs from the others?

Accepted Answer

A) structuralism 
B) functionalism 
C) psychoanalysis 
D) behaviorism 
A) structuralism 
B) functionalism 
C) psychoanalysis 
D) behaviorism

Question 10

Which early philosopher was interested in certain kinds of knowledge as being innate or inborn?

Accepted Answer

A) Hippocrates 
B) Plato 
C) Aristotle 
D) Descartes 
A) Hippocrates 
B) Plato 
C) Aristotle 
D) Descartes

Question 11

Nature is to nurture as nativism is to:

Accepted Answer

A) experience. 
B) adaptation. 
C) behaviorism. 
D) phrenology. 
A) experience. 
B) adaptation. 
C) behaviorism. 
D) phrenology.

Question 12

An approach that advocates that psychologists restrict themselves to the scientific study of objectively observable behavior is called:

Accepted Answer

A) objectivism. 
B) behaviorism. 
C) absolutism. 
D) relativism. 
A) objectivism. 
B) behaviorism. 
C) absolutism. 
D) relativism.

Question 13

The branch of psychology that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings is called:

Accepted Answer

A) humanistic. 
B) Gestalt. 
C) cognitive. 
D) idealistic. 
A) humanistic. 
B) Gestalt. 
C) cognitive. 
D) idealistic.

Question 14

A cognitive psychologist who studied the perceptual and cognitive errors of children in order to gain insight into the nature and development of the human mind was:

Accepted Answer

A) Jean Piaget. 
B) Frederic Bartlett. 
C) Kurt Lewin. 
D) Max Wertheimer. 
A) Jean Piaget. 
B) Frederic Bartlett. 
C) Kurt Lewin. 
D) Max Wertheimer.

Question 15

In which year did the first non-White person become president of the American Psychological Association?

Accepted Answer

A) 1995 
B) 1905 
C) 2005 
D) 1970 
A) 1995 
B) 1905 
C) 2005 
D) 1970

Question 16

John Watson was interested in how _____ behavior and B. F. Skinner focused on how _____ control behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcers strengthen; free will 
B) emotions trigger; reinforcers 
C) stimuli produce; mental processes 
D) stimuli elicit; consequences 
A) reinforcers strengthen; free will 
B) emotions trigger; reinforcers 
C) stimuli produce; mental processes 
D) stimuli elicit; consequences

Question 17

Beginning in the 1950s, behaviorism began to receive intense criticism. Which statement is NOT one of the criticisms against behaviorism?

Accepted Answer

A) It ignores the mental processes underlying behavior. 
B) It uses subjective measures in its research. 
C) It ignores the role of evolutionary history on behavior. 
D) It presents an inadequate account of language development. 
A) It ignores the mental processes underlying behavior. 
B) It uses subjective measures in its research. 
C) It ignores the role of evolutionary history on behavior. 
D) It presents an inadequate account of language development.

Question 18

Which mental health professionals assist people in dealing with work/career issues, life changes, and common crises?

Accepted Answer

A) social psychologists 
B) industrial/organizational psychologists 
C) counseling psychologists 
D) health psychologists 
A) social psychologists 
B) industrial/organizational psychologists 
C) counseling psychologists 
D) health psychologists

Question 19

The analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind is:

Accepted Answer

A) psychoanalysis. 
B) functionalism. 
C) structuralism. 
D) consciousness. 
A) psychoanalysis. 
B) functionalism. 
C) structuralism. 
D) consciousness.

Question 20

Response is to stimulus as the:

Accepted Answer

A) firing of a gun at the start of the race is to running. 
B) scurrying of a white rat at his feet is to fear in Little Albert. 
C) pressing of the brakes is to a red traffic light. 
D) ringing of the alarm clock is to rolling out of bed. 
A) firing of a gun at the start of the race is to running. 
B) scurrying of a white rat at his feet is to fear in Little Albert. 
C) pressing of the brakes is to a red traffic light. 
D) ringing of the alarm clock is to rolling out of bed.

Exam 1: Section 2: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Which linguist published a devastating critique of Skinner's theory of language development?

The unpredictable nature of results from introspection contributed to the decline of:

The fact that very young children almost universally master the basics of language without formal training is most consistent with:

In Pavlov's research, dogs' salivation is an example of a:

Through research on visual illusions, Gestalt psychologists demonstrated that:

The study of the causes and consequences of sociality is called:

Which is the primary reason why modern psychologists study lapses, errors, and mistakes in behavior and cognition?

Wundt argued that James's approach to psychology was flawed because James:

In terms of its subject matter for analysis, which school of psychology most differs from the others?

Which early philosopher was interested in certain kinds of knowledge as being innate or inborn?

Nature is to nurture as nativism is to:

An approach that advocates that psychologists restrict themselves to the scientific study of objectively observable behavior is called:

The branch of psychology that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings is called:

A cognitive psychologist who studied the perceptual and cognitive errors of children in order to gain insight into the nature and development of the human mind was:

In which year did the first non-White person become president of the American Psychological Association?

John Watson was interested in how _____ behavior and B. F. Skinner focused on how _____ control behavior.

Beginning in the 1950s, behaviorism began to receive intense criticism. Which statement is NOT one of the criticisms against behaviorism?

Which mental health professionals assist people in dealing with work/career issues, life changes, and common crises?

The analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind is:

Response is to stimulus as the:

Section 1: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 3: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 4 : Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 5: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 6 : Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Section 1: Methods in Psychology

Section 2: Methods in Psychology

Section 3: Methods in Psychology

Section 4: Methods in Psychology

Section 5: Methods in Psychology

Section 6: Methods in Psychology

Section 1: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 2: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 3: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 4: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 5: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 6: Neuroscience and Behavior

Section 1 : Sensation and Perception

Section 2: Sensation and Perception

Section 3: Sensation and Perception

Section 4: Sensation and Perception

Section 5: Sensation and Perception

Section 6: Sensation and Perception

Section 1: Consciousness

Section 2: Consciousness

Section 3: Consciousness

Section 4: Consciousness

Section 5: Consciousness

Section 6: Consciousness

Section 1: Memory

Section 2: Memory

Section 3: Memory

Section 4: Memory

Section 5: Memory

Section 6: Memory

Section 1: Learning

Section 2: Learning

Section 3: Learning

Section 4: Learning

Section 5 : Learning

Section 6: Learning

Section 1: Emotion and Motivation

Section 2: Emotion and Motivation

Section 3: Emotion and Motivation

Section 4: Emotion and Motivation

Section 5: Emotion and Motivation

Section 6: Emotion and Motivation

Section 1: Language and Thought

Section 2: Language and Thought

Section 3: Language and Thought

Section 4: Language and Thought

Section 5: Language and Thought

Section 6: Language and Thought

Section 1: Intelligence

Section 2: Intelligence

Section 3: Intelligence

Section 4 : Intelligence

Section 5: Intelligence

Section 6 : Intelligence

John Watson was interested in how _ behavior and B. F. Skinner focused on how _ control behavior.