Question 1

The enzyme responsible for induction of the phosphoinositide cascade is:

Accepted Answer

A)  phospholipase C. 
B)  phospholipase A. 
C)  C-dependent protein (CDP). 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  phospholipase C. 
B)  phospholipase A. 
C)  C-dependent protein (CDP). 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 2

Advantages of second messengers include that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the signal can be amplified by making many second messengers. 
B)  second messengers can freely diffuse to other sites within the cell. 
C)  a few common second messengers can be used in multiple signaling pathways. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  the signal can be amplified by making many second messengers. 
B)  second messengers can freely diffuse to other sites within the cell. 
C)  a few common second messengers can be used in multiple signaling pathways. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 3

When insulin binds to its receptor, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  A PIP2-dependent kinase is activated. 
B)  Calmodulin binds Ca2+. 
C)  Sos stimulates the exchange of GTP for GDP. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  A PIP2-dependent kinase is activated. 
B)  Calmodulin binds Ca2+. 
C)  Sos stimulates the exchange of GTP for GDP. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 4

What is the general mechanism for signal transmission by 7TM receptors?

Accepted Answer

The receptors "snake" through a membrane

Question 5

Examples of second messengers include:

Accepted Answer

A)  cAMP. 
B)  calcium ion. 
C)  diacyl glycerol. 
D)  A and B. 
E)  A, B, and C. 
A)  cAMP. 
B)  calcium ion. 
C)  diacyl glycerol. 
D)  A and B. 
E)  A, B, and C.

Question 6

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-The ____________ molecule functions as a secondary messenger.

Accepted Answer

A) protein kinase A (PK
A)  
B) calmodulin 
C) fatty acids 
D) proto-oncogene 
E) R2C2
F)R1C2
G)cAMP
H)phospholipase C
I)protein kinase C (PK
C) 
J)epinephrine
K)oncogene
L)small G proteins 
A) protein kinase A (PK
A)  
B) calmodulin 
C) fatty acids 
D) proto-oncogene 
E) R2C2
F)R1C2
G)cAMP
H)phospholipase C
I)protein kinase C (PK
C) 
J)epinephrine
K)oncogene
L)small G proteins

Question 7

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-____________: The primary messenger responsible for the "fight or flight" response.

Accepted Answer

A) protein kinase A (PK
A)  
B) calmodulin 
C) fatty acids 
D) proto-oncogene 
E) R2C2
F)R1C2
G)cAMP
H)phospholipase C
I)protein kinase C (PK
C) 
J)epinephrine
K)oncogene
L)small G proteins 
A) protein kinase A (PK
A)  
B) calmodulin 
C) fatty acids 
D) proto-oncogene 
E) R2C2
F)R1C2
G)cAMP
H)phospholipase C
I)protein kinase C (PK
C) 
J)epinephrine
K)oncogene
L)small G proteins

Question 8

________________ is the membrane protein that catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cAMP.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________________ is the membrane protein that catalyzes...

Question 9

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-____________: The enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of PIP2.

Accepted Answer

A) protein kinase A (PK
A)  
B) calmodulin 
C) fatty acids 
D) proto-oncogene 
E) R2C2
F)R1C2
G)cAMP
H)phospholipase C
I)protein kinase C (PK
C) 
J)epinephrine
K)oncogene
L)small G proteins 
A) protein kinase A (PK
A)  
B) calmodulin 
C) fatty acids 
D) proto-oncogene 
E) R2C2
F)R1C2
G)cAMP
H)phospholipase C
I)protein kinase C (PK
C) 
J)epinephrine
K)oncogene
L)small G proteins

Question 10

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-The ____________ enzyme becomes active when bound to Ca2+ and diacylglycerol.

Accepted Answer

A) protein kinase A (PK
A)  
B) calmodulin 
C) fatty acids 
D) proto-oncogene 
E) R2C2
F)R1C2
G)cAMP
H)phospholipase C
I)protein kinase C (PK
C) 
J)epinephrine
K)oncogene
L)small G proteins 
A) protein kinase A (PK
A)  
B) calmodulin 
C) fatty acids 
D) proto-oncogene 
E) R2C2
F)R1C2
G)cAMP
H)phospholipase C
I)protein kinase C (PK
C) 
J)epinephrine
K)oncogene
L)small G proteins

Question 11

________________ is a secondary messenger and is abbreviated IP3.

Accepted Answer

Inositol 1

Question 12

How is the hormone-bound activated receptor reset after activation?

Accepted Answer

The hormone dissociates, and t

Question 13

How is calmodulin activated?

Accepted Answer

A)  by binding of both calcium and potassium 
B)  by binding Ca2+ when the cytosolic concentration is raised 
C)  by binding to a positively charged helix on another protein 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  by binding of both calcium and potassium 
B)  by binding Ca2+ when the cytosolic concentration is raised 
C)  by binding to a positively charged helix on another protein 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 14

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-The inactive form of protein kinase A is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) protein kinase A (PK
A)  
B) calmodulin 
C) fatty acids 
D) proto-oncogene 
E) R2C2
F)R1C2
G)cAMP
H)phospholipase C
I)protein kinase C (PK
C) 
J)epinephrine
K)oncogene
L)small G proteins 
A) protein kinase A (PK
A)  
B) calmodulin 
C) fatty acids 
D) proto-oncogene 
E) R2C2
F)R1C2
G)cAMP
H)phospholipase C
I)protein kinase C (PK
C) 
J)epinephrine
K)oncogene
L)small G proteins

Question 15

Describe how phosphatidylinositol-4,5-diphosphate is converted into two secondary messengers.

Accepted Answer

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-diphosphate (PI

Question 16

What are the two messenger products formed by cleavage of PIP2?

Accepted Answer

A)  diacylglyercol and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate 
B)  diacylglyercol and inositol 1,3,5-triphosphate 
C)  diacylglyercol and inositol 1,3-diphosphate 
D)  diacylglyercol phosphate and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  diacylglyercol and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate 
B)  diacylglyercol and inositol 1,3,5-triphosphate 
C)  diacylglyercol and inositol 1,3-diphosphate 
D)  diacylglyercol phosphate and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 
E)  None of the above.

Question 17

When activated, the insulin receptor results in the mobilization of ________________ transporters to the cell surface.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When activated, the insulin receptor results in...

Question 18

Describe the role of phosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) in insulin signal transduction.

Accepted Answer

PIP2 is one of the signal molecules in t

Question 19

7TM is an abbreviation for ________________ receptors.

Accepted Answer

seven-tran

Question 20

What is the difference between a proto-oncogene and an oncogene?

Accepted Answer

A proto-oncogene is a normally expressed

Exam 13: Signal Transduction Pathways

The enzyme responsible for induction of the phosphoinositide cascade is:

Advantages of second messengers include that:

When insulin binds to its receptor, which of the following occurs?

What is the general mechanism for signal transmission by 7TM receptors?

Examples of second messengers include:

Use the following to answer questions Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The ____________ molecule functions as a secondary messenger.

Use the following to answer questions Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -____________: The primary messenger responsible for the "fight or flight" response.

________________ is the membrane protein that catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cAMP.

Use the following to answer questions Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -____________: The enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of PIP2.

Use the following to answer questions Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The ____________ enzyme becomes active when bound to Ca2+ and diacylglycerol.

________________ is a secondary messenger and is abbreviated IP3.

How is the hormone-bound activated receptor reset after activation?

How is calmodulin activated?

Use the following to answer questions Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The inactive form of protein kinase A is ____________.

Describe how phosphatidylinositol-4,5-diphosphate is converted into two secondary messengers.

What are the two messenger products formed by cleavage of PIP2?

When activated, the insulin receptor results in the mobilization of ________________ transporters to the cell surface.

Describe the role of phosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) in insulin signal transduction.

7TM is an abbreviation for ________________ receptors.

What is the difference between a proto-oncogene and an oncogene?

Biochemistry and the Unity of Life

Water, Weak Bonds, and the Generation of Order Out of Chaos

Amino Acids

Protein Three-Dimensional Structure

Techniques in Protein Biochemistry

Basic Concepts of Enzyme Action

Kinetics and Regulation

Mechanisms and Inhibitors

Hemoglobin: an Allosteric Protein

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Membrane Structure and Function

Digestion: Turning a Meal Into Cellular Biochemicals

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis

Gluconeogenesis

Preparation for the Cycle

Harvesting Electrons From the Cycle

The Electron Transport Chain

The Proton-Motive Force

The Light Reactions

The Calvin Cycle

Glycogen Degradation

Glycogen Synthesis

The Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Degredation

Fatty Acid Synthesis

Lipid Synthesis

Amino Acid Degradation and the Urea Cycle

Amino Acids Synthesis

Nucleotide Metabolism

The Structure of Informational Macromolecules: Dna and Rna

DNA Replication

DNA Repair and Recombination

RNA Synthesis and Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

RNA Processing in Eukaryotes

The Genetic Code

The Mechanism of Protein Synthesis

Recombinant Dna Techniques

Filters