Question 1

The difference in values for ∆G and ∆G°′ is in the __________________.

Accepted Answer

concentrat

Question 2

You believe a substrate fits into a cleft like a key into a lock, but your roommate does not. Who is right?

Accepted Answer

You are both partially correct. Like a l

Question 3

How is the substrate bound to the active site?

Accepted Answer

The active site is a small part of the t

Question 4

At equilibrium, the Gibbs free energy is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a positive value. 
B)  neutral. 
C)  a negative value. 
D)  zero. 
E)  one. 
A)  a positive value. 
B)  neutral. 
C)  a negative value. 
D)  zero. 
E)  one.

Question 5

An enzyme will specifically bind its substrate because of:

Accepted Answer

A)  a tight lock-and-key binding mechanism. 
B)  a high number of hydrophobic amino acids in the center of the protein. 
C)  a large number of weak interactions at the active site. 
D)  additional nonprotein cofactors. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  a tight lock-and-key binding mechanism. 
B)  a high number of hydrophobic amino acids in the center of the protein. 
C)  a large number of weak interactions at the active site. 
D)  additional nonprotein cofactors. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 6

The Gibbs free energy of activation is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the difference between the substrate and the transition state. 
B)  the difference between the substrate and the product. 
C)  the difference between the product and the transition state. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  the difference between the substrate and the transition state. 
B)  the difference between the substrate and the product. 
C)  the difference between the product and the transition state. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 7

What is the common strategy by which catalysis occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the probability of product formation 
B)  shifting the reaction equilibrium 
C)  stabilization of transition state 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  increasing the probability of product formation 
B)  shifting the reaction equilibrium 
C)  stabilization of transition state 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 8

Competitive inhibitors which mimic the substrate while in the transition state are called __________________ inhibitors.

Accepted Answer

transition

Question 9

The total change of free energy in a reaction depends on __________________ and __________________.

Accepted Answer

the substr

Question 10

What is the relation between an enzyme-catalyzed reaction and the transition state of a reaction?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes only catalyze reactions that are

Question 11

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-Enzymes that cleave molecules by the addition of water are called ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) apoenzymes 
B) hydrolyases 
C) active site 
D) transition state 
E) spontaneous
F)induced fit
G)energy
H)prosthetic group
I)lock and key
J)substrate(s)
K)oxidoreductases
L)equilibria 
A) apoenzymes 
B) hydrolyases 
C) active site 
D) transition state 
E) spontaneous
F)induced fit
G)energy
H)prosthetic group
I)lock and key
J)substrate(s)
K)oxidoreductases
L)equilibria

Question 12

What are transition-state analogs?

Accepted Answer

These potent inhibitors mimic the struct

Question 13

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-____________: The substance that the enzyme binds and converts to a product.

Accepted Answer

A) apoenzymes 
B) hydrolyases 
C) active site 
D) transition state 
E) spontaneous
F)induced fit
G)energy
H)prosthetic group
I)lock and key
J)substrate(s)
K)oxidoreductases
L)equilibria 
A) apoenzymes 
B) hydrolyases 
C) active site 
D) transition state 
E) spontaneous
F)induced fit
G)energy
H)prosthetic group
I)lock and key
J)substrate(s)
K)oxidoreductases
L)equilibria

Question 14

A graph of product versus time (as in Figure 6.2 in your textbook) for an enzyme is determined to be hyperbolic. Why does the amount of product level off as time increases?

Accepted Answer

A)  The reaction has reached equilibrium; that is, the forward and reverse reactions are occurring at a fixed rate. 
B)  There is a product inhibition of the enzyme. 
C)  The reaction runs out of reaction materials. 
D)  The enzyme has finished accelerating the reaction. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  The reaction has reached equilibrium; that is, the forward and reverse reactions are occurring at a fixed rate. 
B)  There is a product inhibition of the enzyme. 
C)  The reaction runs out of reaction materials. 
D)  The enzyme has finished accelerating the reaction. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 15

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enzymes force reactions to proceed in only one direction. 
B)  Enzymes alter the equilibrium of the reaction. 
C)  Enzymes alter the standard free energy of the reaction. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  Enzymes force reactions to proceed in only one direction. 
B)  Enzymes alter the equilibrium of the reaction. 
C)  Enzymes alter the standard free energy of the reaction. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 16

Enzymes accelerate the rate of a chemical reaction by __________________ the free energy of activation of the reaction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Enzymes accelerate the rate of a chemical...

Question 17

If Keq = 1, what is the ∆G°′? If Keq > 1, what is the ∆G°′? If Keq < 1, what is the ∆G°′?

Accepted Answer

∆G°′ = 0;

Question 18

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-An endergonic reaction requires an input of ____________ to proceed.

Accepted Answer

A) apoenzymes 
B) hydrolyases 
C) active site 
D) transition state 
E) spontaneous
F)induced fit
G)energy
H)prosthetic group
I)lock and key
J)substrate(s)
K)oxidoreductases
L)equilibria 
A) apoenzymes 
B) hydrolyases 
C) active site 
D) transition state 
E) spontaneous
F)induced fit
G)energy
H)prosthetic group
I)lock and key
J)substrate(s)
K)oxidoreductases
L)equilibria

Question 19

When ΔG for a system is zero, the system is at __________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When ΔG for a system is zero,...

Question 20

What is the difference between prosthetic groups and coenzymes

Accepted Answer

Coenzymes are small molecules

Exam 6: Basic Concepts of Enzyme Action

The difference in values for ∆G and ∆G°′ is in the __________________.

You believe a substrate fits into a cleft like a key into a lock, but your roommate does not. Who is right?

How is the substrate bound to the active site?

At equilibrium, the Gibbs free energy is:

An enzyme will specifically bind its substrate because of:

The Gibbs free energy of activation is:

What is the common strategy by which catalysis occurs?

Competitive inhibitors which mimic the substrate while in the transition state are called __________________ inhibitors.

The total change of free energy in a reaction depends on __________________ and __________________.

What is the relation between an enzyme-catalyzed reaction and the transition state of a reaction?

Use the following to answer questions Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -Enzymes that cleave molecules by the addition of water are called ____________.

What are transition-state analogs?

Use the following to answer questions Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -____________: The substance that the enzyme binds and converts to a product.

A graph of product versus time (as in Figure 6.2 in your textbook) for an enzyme is determined to be hyperbolic. Why does the amount of product level off as time increases?

Which of the following is true?

Enzymes accelerate the rate of a chemical reaction by __________________ the free energy of activation of the reaction.

If Keq = 1, what is the ∆G°′? If Keq > 1, what is the ∆G°′? If Keq < 1, what is the ∆G°′?

Use the following to answer questions Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -An endergonic reaction requires an input of ____________ to proceed.

When ΔG for a system is zero, the system is at __________________.

What is the difference between prosthetic groups and coenzymes

Biochemistry and the Unity of Life

Water, Weak Bonds, and the Generation of Order Out of Chaos

Amino Acids

Protein Three-Dimensional Structure

Techniques in Protein Biochemistry

Kinetics and Regulation

Mechanisms and Inhibitors

Hemoglobin: an Allosteric Protein

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Membrane Structure and Function

Signal Transduction Pathways

Digestion: Turning a Meal Into Cellular Biochemicals

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis

Gluconeogenesis

Preparation for the Cycle

Harvesting Electrons From the Cycle

The Electron Transport Chain

The Proton-Motive Force

The Light Reactions

The Calvin Cycle

Glycogen Degradation

Glycogen Synthesis

The Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Degredation

Fatty Acid Synthesis

Lipid Synthesis

Amino Acid Degradation and the Urea Cycle

Amino Acids Synthesis

Nucleotide Metabolism

The Structure of Informational Macromolecules: Dna and Rna

DNA Replication

DNA Repair and Recombination

RNA Synthesis and Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

RNA Processing in Eukaryotes

The Genetic Code

The Mechanism of Protein Synthesis

Recombinant Dna Techniques

Filters

The total change of free energy in a reaction depends on and .