Question 1

The reactions that produce molecular oxygen (O2) take place in

Accepted Answer

A)  the light reactions alone. 
B)  the Calvin cycle alone. 
C)  both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. 
D)  neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle. 
E)  the chloroplast, but are not part of photosynthesis. 
A)  the light reactions alone. 
B)  the Calvin cycle alone. 
C)  both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. 
D)  neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle. 
E)  the chloroplast, but are not part of photosynthesis. A

Question 2

The alternative pathways of photosynthesis using the C4 or CAM systems are said to be compromises. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each one minimizes both water loss and rate of photosynthesis. 
B)  C4 compromises on water loss and CAM compromises on photorespiration. 
C)  Both minimize photorespiration but expend more ATP during carbon fixation. 
D)  CAM plants allow more water loss, whereas C4 plants allow less CO2 into the plant. 
E)  C4 plants allow less water loss but CAM plants allow more water loss. 
A)  Each one minimizes both water loss and rate of photosynthesis. 
B)  C4 compromises on water loss and CAM compromises on photorespiration. 
C)  Both minimize photorespiration but expend more ATP during carbon fixation. 
D)  CAM plants allow more water loss, whereas C4 plants allow less CO2 into the plant. 
E)  C4 plants allow less water loss but CAM plants allow more water loss. C

Question 3

Which process is most directly driven by light energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  creation of a pH gradient by pumping protons across the thylakoid membrane 
B)  carbon fixation in the stroma 
C)  reduction of NADP+ molecules 
D)  removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules 
E)  ATP synthesis 
A)  creation of a pH gradient by pumping protons across the thylakoid membrane 
B)  carbon fixation in the stroma 
C)  reduction of NADP+ molecules 
D)  removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules 
E)  ATP synthesis D

Question 4

What compound provides the reducing power for the Calvin cycle reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP 
B)  NAD+ 
C)  NADH 
D)  NADP+ 
E)  NADPH 
A)  ATP 
B)  NAD+ 
C)  NADH 
D)  NADP+ 
E)  NADPH

Question 5

Generation of proton gradients across membranes occurs during

Accepted Answer

A)  photosynthesis. 
B)  respiration. 
C)  both photosynthesis and respiration. 
D)  neither photosynthesis nor respiration. 
E)  photorespiration. 
A)  photosynthesis. 
B)  respiration. 
C)  both photosynthesis and respiration. 
D)  neither photosynthesis nor respiration. 
E)  photorespiration.

Question 6

Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  NADPH → O2 → CO2 
B)  H2O → NADPH → Calvin cycle 
C)  NADPH → chlorophyll → Calvin cycle 
D)  H2O → photosystem I → photosystem II 
E)  NADPH → electron transport chain → O2 
A)  NADPH → O2 → CO2 
B)  H2O → NADPH → Calvin cycle 
C)  NADPH → chlorophyll → Calvin cycle 
D)  H2O → photosystem I → photosystem II 
E)  NADPH → electron transport chain → O2

Question 7

Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only heterotrophs require chemical compounds from the environment. 
B)  Cellular respiration is unique to heterotrophs. 
C)  Only heterotrophs have mitochondria. 
D)  Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish themselves beginning with CO2 and other nutrients that are inorganic. 
E)  Only heterotrophs require oxygen. 
A)  Only heterotrophs require chemical compounds from the environment. 
B)  Cellular respiration is unique to heterotrophs. 
C)  Only heterotrophs have mitochondria. 
D)  Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish themselves beginning with CO2 and other nutrients that are inorganic. 
E)  Only heterotrophs require oxygen.

Question 8

Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2 and glucose 
B)  H2O and O2 
C)  ADP, ℗i, and NADP+ 
D)  electrons and H+ 
E)  ATP and NADPH 
A)  CO2 and glucose 
B)  H2O and O2 
C)  ADP, ℗i, and NADP+ 
D)  electrons and H+ 
E)  ATP and NADPH

Question 9

Which of the following statements best represents the relationships between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle, and the cycle returns ADP, ℗i, and NADP+ to the light reactions. 
B)  The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the carbon fixation step of the Calvin cycle, and the cycle provides water and electrons to the light reactions. 
C)  The light reactions supply the Calvin cycle with CO2 to produce sugars, and the Calvin cycle supplies the light reactions with sugars to produce ATP. 
D)  The light reactions provide the Calvin cycle with oxygen for electron flow, and the Calvin cycle provides the light reactions with water to split. 
E)  There is no relationship between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. 
A)  The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle, and the cycle returns ADP, ℗i, and NADP+ to the light reactions. 
B)  The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the carbon fixation step of the Calvin cycle, and the cycle provides water and electrons to the light reactions. 
C)  The light reactions supply the Calvin cycle with CO2 to produce sugars, and the Calvin cycle supplies the light reactions with sugars to produce ATP. 
D)  The light reactions provide the Calvin cycle with oxygen for electron flow, and the Calvin cycle provides the light reactions with water to split. 
E)  There is no relationship between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle.

Question 10

The NADPH required for the Calvin cycle comes from

Accepted Answer

A)  reactions initiated in photosystem I. 
B)  reactions initiated in photosystem II. 
C)  the citric acid cycle. 
D)  glycolysis. 
E)  oxidative phosphorylation. 
A)  reactions initiated in photosystem I. 
B)  reactions initiated in photosystem II. 
C)  the citric acid cycle. 
D)  glycolysis. 
E)  oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 11

What is the relationship between wavelength of light and the quantity of energy per photon?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have a direct, linear relationship. 
B)  They are inversely related. 
C)  They are logarithmically related. 
D)  They are separate phenomena. 
E)  They are only related in certain parts of the spectrum. 
A)  They have a direct, linear relationship. 
B)  They are inversely related. 
C)  They are logarithmically related. 
D)  They are separate phenomena. 
E)  They are only related in certain parts of the spectrum.

Question 12

Reactions that require CO2 take place in

Accepted Answer

A)  the light reactions alone. 
B)  the Calvin cycle alone. 
C)  both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. 
D)  neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle. 
E)  the chloroplast, but are not part of photosynthesis. 
A)  the light reactions alone. 
B)  the Calvin cycle alone. 
C)  both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. 
D)  neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle. 
E)  the chloroplast, but are not part of photosynthesis.

Question 13

In the thylakoid membranes, what is the main role of the pigment molecules in a light-harvesting complex?

Accepted Answer

A)  split water and release oxygen to the reaction-center chlorophyll 
B)  transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll 
C)  synthesize ATP from ADP and ℗i 
D)  transfer electrons to ferredoxin and then NADPH 
E)  concentrate photons within the stroma 
A)  split water and release oxygen to the reaction-center chlorophyll 
B)  transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll 
C)  synthesize ATP from ADP and ℗i 
D)  transfer electrons to ferredoxin and then NADPH 
E)  concentrate photons within the stroma

Question 14

What are the products of linear electron flow?

Accepted Answer

A)  heat and fluorescence 
B)  ATP and P700 
C)  ATP and NADPH 
D)  ADP and NADP+ 
E)  P700 and P680 
A)  heat and fluorescence 
B)  ATP and P700 
C)  ATP and NADPH 
D)  ADP and NADP+ 
E)  P700 and P680

Question 15

Photorespiration occurs when rubisco reacts RuBP with

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2. 
B)  O2. 
C)  glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. 
D)  3-phosphoglycerate. 
E)  NADPH. 
A)  CO2. 
B)  O2. 
C)  glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. 
D)  3-phosphoglycerate. 
E)  NADPH.

Question 16

In a cyanobacterium, the reactions that produce NADPH occur in

Accepted Answer

A)  the light reactions alone. 
B)  the Calvin cycle alone. 
C)  both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. 
D)  neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle. 
E)  the chloroplast, but are not part of photosynthesis. 
A)  the light reactions alone. 
B)  the Calvin cycle alone. 
C)  both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. 
D)  neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle. 
E)  the chloroplast, but are not part of photosynthesis.

Question 17

A flask containing photosynthetic green algae and a control flask containing water with no algae are both placed under a bank of lights, which are set to cycle between 12 hours of light and 12 hours of dark. The dissolved oxygen concentrations in both flasks are monitored. Predict what the relative dissolved oxygen concentrations will be in the flask with algae compared to the control flask.

Accepted Answer

A)  The dissolved oxygen in the flask with algae will always be higher. 
B)  The dissolved oxygen in the flask with algae will always be lower. 
C)  The dissolved oxygen in the flask with algae will be higher in the light, but the same in the dark. 
D)  The dissolved oxygen in the flask with algae will be higher in the light, but lower in the dark. 
E)  The dissolved oxygen in the flask with algae will not be different from the control flask at any time. 
A)  The dissolved oxygen in the flask with algae will always be higher. 
B)  The dissolved oxygen in the flask with algae will always be lower. 
C)  The dissolved oxygen in the flask with algae will be higher in the light, but the same in the dark. 
D)  The dissolved oxygen in the flask with algae will be higher in the light, but lower in the dark. 
E)  The dissolved oxygen in the flask with algae will not be different from the control flask at any time.

Question 18

Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light.
-What did Engelmann conclude about the congregation of bacteria in the red and blue areas?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteria released excess carbon dioxide in these areas. 
B)  Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature of the red and blue light. 
C)  Bacteria congregated in these areas because these areas had the most oxygen being released. 
D)  Bacteria are attracted to red and blue light and thus these wavelengths are more reactive than other wavelengths. 
E)  Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature caused by an increase in photosynthesis. 
A)  Bacteria released excess carbon dioxide in these areas. 
B)  Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature of the red and blue light. 
C)  Bacteria congregated in these areas because these areas had the most oxygen being released. 
D)  Bacteria are attracted to red and blue light and thus these wavelengths are more reactive than other wavelengths. 
E)  Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature caused by an increase in photosynthesis.

Question 19

Why are C4 plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  They do not participate in the Calvin cycle. 
B)  They use PEP carboxylase to initially fix CO2. 
C)  They are adapted to cold, wet climates. 
D)  They conserve water more efficiently. 
E)  They exclude oxygen from their tissues. 
A)  They do not participate in the Calvin cycle. 
B)  They use PEP carboxylase to initially fix CO2. 
C)  They are adapted to cold, wet climates. 
D)  They conserve water more efficiently. 
E)  They exclude oxygen from their tissues.

Question 20

Use Figure 8.2 and the compounds labeled A, B, C, D, and E to answer the following questions.
   Figure 8.2
-If ATP used by this plant is labeled with radioactive phosphorus, which molecule or molecules of the Calvin cycle will be radioactively labeled first?

Accepted Answer

A)  B only 
B)  B and C only 
C)  B, C, and D only 
D)  B and E only 
E)  B, C, D, and E 
A)  B only 
B)  B and C only 
C)  B, C, and D only 
D)  B and E only 
E)  B, C, D, and E

Exam 8: Photosynthesis

The reactions that produce molecular oxygen (O2) take place in

The alternative pathways of photosynthesis using the C4 or CAM systems are said to be compromises. Why?

Which process is most directly driven by light energy?

What compound provides the reducing power for the Calvin cycle reactions?

Generation of proton gradients across membranes occurs during

Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?

Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle?

Which of the following statements best represents the relationships between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle?

The NADPH required for the Calvin cycle comes from

What is the relationship between wavelength of light and the quantity of energy per photon?

Reactions that require CO2 take place in

In the thylakoid membranes, what is the main role of the pigment molecules in a light-harvesting complex?

What are the products of linear electron flow?

Photorespiration occurs when rubisco reacts RuBP with

In a cyanobacterium, the reactions that produce NADPH occur in

Why are C4 plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration?

Use Figure 8.2 and the compounds labeled A, B, C, D, and E to answer the following questions. Figure 8.2 -If ATP used by this plant is labeled with radioactive phosphorus, which molecule or molecules of the Calvin cycle will be radioactively labeled first?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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