Question 1

Antigens are

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins found in the blood that cause foreign blood cells to clump. 
B)  proteins embedded in B cell membranes. 
C)  proteins that consist of two light and two heavy polypeptide chains. 
D)  foreign molecules that trigger the generation of antibodies. 
E)  proteins released during an inflammatory response. 
A)  proteins found in the blood that cause foreign blood cells to clump. 
B)  proteins embedded in B cell membranes. 
C)  proteins that consist of two light and two heavy polypeptide chains. 
D)  foreign molecules that trigger the generation of antibodies. 
E)  proteins released during an inflammatory response. D

Question 2

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
An otherwise healthy student in your class is infected with EBV, the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis. The same student had already been infected when she was a child, at which time she had merely experienced a mild sore throat and swollen lymph nodes in her neck. This time, although infected, she does not get sick.
-Which of the following should be the same in identical twins?

Accepted Answer

A)  the set of antibodies produced 
B)  the set of MHC molecules produced 
C)  the set of T cell antigen receptors produced 
D)  the susceptibility to a particular virus 
E)  the set of immune cells eliminated as self-reactive 
A)  the set of antibodies produced 
B)  the set of MHC molecules produced 
C)  the set of T cell antigen receptors produced 
D)  the susceptibility to a particular virus 
E)  the set of immune cells eliminated as self-reactive B

Question 3

The complement system is

Accepted Answer

A)  a set of proteins involved in innate but not acquired immunity. 
B)  a set of proteins secreted by cytotoxic T cells and other CD8 cells. 
C)  a group of proteins that includes interferons and interleukins. 
D)  a group of antimicrobial proteins that act together in a cascade fashion. 
E)  a set of proteins that act individually to attack and lyse microbes. 
A)  a set of proteins involved in innate but not acquired immunity. 
B)  a set of proteins secreted by cytotoxic T cells and other CD8 cells. 
C)  a group of proteins that includes interferons and interleukins. 
D)  a group of antimicrobial proteins that act together in a cascade fashion. 
E)  a set of proteins that act individually to attack and lyse microbes. D

Question 4

For the successful development of a vaccine to be used against a pathogen, it is necessary that

Accepted Answer

A)  the surface antigens of the pathogen do not change. 
B)  a rearrangement of the B cell receptor antibodies takes place. 
C)  all of the surface antigens on the pathogen be identified. 
D)  the pathogen has only one epitope. 
E)  the MHC molecules are heterozygous. 
A)  the surface antigens of the pathogen do not change. 
B)  a rearrangement of the B cell receptor antibodies takes place. 
C)  all of the surface antigens on the pathogen be identified. 
D)  the pathogen has only one epitope. 
E)  the MHC molecules are heterozygous.

Question 5

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
An otherwise healthy student in your class is infected with EBV, the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis. The same student had already been infected when she was a child, at which time she had merely experienced a mild sore throat and swollen lymph nodes in her neck. This time, although infected, she does not get sick.
-The EBV antigen fragments will be presented by the virus-infected cells along with

Accepted Answer

A)  complement. 
B)  antibodies. 
C)  class I MHC molecules. 
D)  class II MHC molecules. 
E)  dendritic cells. 
A)  complement. 
B)  antibodies. 
C)  class I MHC molecules. 
D)  class II MHC molecules. 
E)  dendritic cells.

Question 6

An immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule, of whatever class, with regions symbolized as C or V, H or L, has a light chain made up of

Accepted Answer

A)  one C region and one V region. 
B)  three C regions and one V region. 
C)  one H region and one L region. 
D)  three H regions and one L region. 
E)  two C regions and two V regions. 
A)  one C region and one V region. 
B)  three C regions and one V region. 
C)  one H region and one L region. 
D)  three H regions and one L region. 
E)  two C regions and two V regions.

Question 7

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
An otherwise healthy student in your class is infected with EBV, the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis. The same student had already been infected when she was a child, at which time she had merely experienced a mild sore throat and swollen lymph nodes in her neck. This time, although infected, she does not get sick.
-An epitope associates with which part of an antigen receptor or antibody?

Accepted Answer

A)  the disulfide bridge 
B)  the heavy-chain constant regions only 
C)  variable regions of a heavy chain and light chain combined 
D)  the light-chain constant regions only 
E)  the tail 
A)  the disulfide bridge 
B)  the heavy-chain constant regions only 
C)  variable regions of a heavy chain and light chain combined 
D)  the light-chain constant regions only 
E)  the tail

Question 8

A fruit fly, internally infected by a potentially pathogenic fungus, is protected by

Accepted Answer

A)  its plasma cells. 
B)  its immunoglobulins. 
C)  its antibodies. 
D)  its antimicrobial peptides. 
E)  its B cells. 
A)  its plasma cells. 
B)  its immunoglobulins. 
C)  its antibodies. 
D)  its antimicrobial peptides. 
E)  its B cells.

Question 9

Antihistamine treatment reduces

Accepted Answer

A)  blood vessel dilation. 
B)  phagocytosis of antigens. 
C)  MHC presentation by macrophages. 
D)  the secondary immune response. 
E)  clonal selection by antigens. 
A)  blood vessel dilation. 
B)  phagocytosis of antigens. 
C)  MHC presentation by macrophages. 
D)  the secondary immune response. 
E)  clonal selection by antigens.

Question 10

Bacteria entering the body through a small cut in the skin

Accepted Answer

A)  inactivate the erythrocytes. 
B)  stimulate apoptosis of nearby body cells. 
C)  stimulate release of interferons. 
D)  stimulate natural killer cell activity. 
E)  activate a group of proteins called complement. 
A)  inactivate the erythrocytes. 
B)  stimulate apoptosis of nearby body cells. 
C)  stimulate release of interferons. 
D)  stimulate natural killer cell activity. 
E)  activate a group of proteins called complement.

Question 11

A patient complaining of watery, itchy eyes and sneezing after being given a flower bouquet as a birthday gift should first be treated with

Accepted Answer

A)  a vaccine. 
B)  complement. 
C)  sterile pollen. 
D)  antihistamines. 
E)  monoclonal antibodies. 
A)  a vaccine. 
B)  complement. 
C)  sterile pollen. 
D)  antihistamines. 
E)  monoclonal antibodies.

Question 12

A nonfunctional CD4 protein on a helper T cell would result in the helper T cell being unable to

Accepted Answer

A)  respond to T-independent antigens. 
B)  lyse tumor cells. 
C)  stimulate a cytotoxic T cell. 
D)  interact with a class I MHC-antigen complex. 
E)  interact with a class II MHC-antigen complex. 
A)  respond to T-independent antigens. 
B)  lyse tumor cells. 
C)  stimulate a cytotoxic T cell. 
D)  interact with a class I MHC-antigen complex. 
E)  interact with a class II MHC-antigen complex.

Question 13

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
An otherwise healthy student in your class is infected with EBV, the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis. The same student had already been infected when she was a child, at which time she had merely experienced a mild sore throat and swollen lymph nodes in her neck. This time, although infected, she does not get sick.
-Her immune system's recognition of the second infection involves the

Accepted Answer

A)  helper T cells. 
B)  memory B cells. 
C)  plasma cells. 
D)  cytotoxic T cells. 
E)  natural killer cells. 
A)  helper T cells. 
B)  memory B cells. 
C)  plasma cells. 
D)  cytotoxic T cells. 
E)  natural killer cells.

Question 14

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
An otherwise healthy student in your class is infected with EBV, the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis. The same student had already been infected when she was a child, at which time she had merely experienced a mild sore throat and swollen lymph nodes in her neck. This time, although infected, she does not get sick.
-Which of these is not part of insect immunity?

Accepted Answer

A)  activation of microbe-killing chemicals 
B)  activation of natural killer cells 
C)  phagocytosis by hemocytes 
D)  production of antimicrobial peptides 
E)  a protective exoskeleton 
A)  activation of microbe-killing chemicals 
B)  activation of natural killer cells 
C)  phagocytosis by hemocytes 
D)  production of antimicrobial peptides 
E)  a protective exoskeleton

Question 15

Immunological memory accounts for

Accepted Answer

A)  the human body's ability to distinguish self from nonself. 
B)  the observation that some strains of the pathogen that causes dengue fever cause worse disease than others. 
C)  the ability of a helper T cell to signal B cells via cytokines. 
D)  the ancient observation that someone who had recovered from the plague could safely care for those newly diseased. 
E)  the ability of the immune system to present antigen fragments in association with MHC antigens. 
A)  the human body's ability to distinguish self from nonself. 
B)  the observation that some strains of the pathogen that causes dengue fever cause worse disease than others. 
C)  the ability of a helper T cell to signal B cells via cytokines. 
D)  the ancient observation that someone who had recovered from the plague could safely care for those newly diseased. 
E)  the ability of the immune system to present antigen fragments in association with MHC antigens.

Question 16

Figure 35.4
-According to the graph in Figure 35.4, naive B cells will produce effector cells

Accepted Answer

A)  between 0 and 7 days. 
B)  between 7 and 14 days. 
C)  between 28 and 35 days. 
D)  between 0 and 7 days and between 7 and 14 days. 
E)  between 0 and 7 days and between 28 and 35 days. 
A)  between 0 and 7 days. 
B)  between 7 and 14 days. 
C)  between 28 and 35 days. 
D)  between 0 and 7 days and between 7 and 14 days. 
E)  between 0 and 7 days and between 28 and 35 days.

Question 17

An inflammation-causing signal released by mast cells at the site of an infection is

Accepted Answer

A)  an interferon. 
B)  lymphatic fluid. 
C)  histamine. 
D)  mucus. 
E)  sodium ions. 
A)  an interferon. 
B)  lymphatic fluid. 
C)  histamine. 
D)  mucus. 
E)  sodium ions.

Question 18

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
An otherwise healthy student in your class is infected with EBV, the virus that causes infectious mononucleosis. The same student had already been infected when she was a child, at which time she had merely experienced a mild sore throat and swollen lymph nodes in her neck. This time, although infected, she does not get sick.
-Vaccination increases the number of

Accepted Answer

A)  different receptors that recognize a pathogen. 
B)  lymphocytes with receptors that can bind to the pathogen. 
C)  epitopes that the immune system can recognize. 
D)  macrophages specific for a pathogen. 
E)  MHC molecules that can present an antigen. 
A)  different receptors that recognize a pathogen. 
B)  lymphocytes with receptors that can bind to the pathogen. 
C)  epitopes that the immune system can recognize. 
D)  macrophages specific for a pathogen. 
E)  MHC molecules that can present an antigen.

Question 19

The number of MHC protein combinations possible in a given population is enormous. However, an individual in that diverse population has a far more limited array of MHC molecules because

Accepted Answer

A)  the MHC proteins are made from several different gene regions that are capable of rearranging in a number of ways. 
B)  MHC proteins from one individual can only be of class I or class II. 
C)  each of the MHC genes has a large number of alleles, but each individual only inherits two for each gene. 
D)  once a B cell has matured in the bone marrow, it is limited to two MHC response categories. 
E)  once a T cell has matured in the thymus, it can only respond to two MHC categories. 
A)  the MHC proteins are made from several different gene regions that are capable of rearranging in a number of ways. 
B)  MHC proteins from one individual can only be of class I or class II. 
C)  each of the MHC genes has a large number of alleles, but each individual only inherits two for each gene. 
D)  once a B cell has matured in the bone marrow, it is limited to two MHC response categories. 
E)  once a T cell has matured in the thymus, it can only respond to two MHC categories.

Question 20

Clonal selection implies that

Accepted Answer

A)  brothers and sisters have similar immune responses. 
B)  antigens increase mitosis in specific lymphocytes. 
C)  only certain cells can produce interferon. 
D)  a B cell has multiple types of antigen receptors. 
E)  the body selects which antigens it will respond to. 
A)  brothers and sisters have similar immune responses. 
B)  antigens increase mitosis in specific lymphocytes. 
C)  only certain cells can produce interferon. 
D)  a B cell has multiple types of antigen receptors. 
E)  the body selects which antigens it will respond to.

Exam 35: The Immune System

Antigens are

The complement system is

For the successful development of a vaccine to be used against a pathogen, it is necessary that

An immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule, of whatever class, with regions symbolized as C or V, H or L, has a light chain made up of

A fruit fly, internally infected by a potentially pathogenic fungus, is protected by

Antihistamine treatment reduces

Bacteria entering the body through a small cut in the skin

A patient complaining of watery, itchy eyes and sneezing after being given a flower bouquet as a birthday gift should first be treated with

A nonfunctional CD4 protein on a helper T cell would result in the helper T cell being unable to

Immunological memory accounts for

Figure 35.4 -According to the graph in Figure 35.4, naive B cells will produce effector cells

An inflammation-causing signal released by mast cells at the site of an infection is

The number of MHC protein combinations possible in a given population is enormous. However, an individual in that diverse population has a far more limited array of MHC molecules because

Clonal selection implies that

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

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Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

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Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

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