Question 1

Figure 39.1
-Which area in Figure 39.1 has only overlapping actin and myosin filaments?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E B

Question 2

In a relaxed skeletal muscle, actin is not chemically bound to

Accepted Answer

A)  myosin. 
B)  troponin. 
C)  tropomyosin. 
D)  Z lines. 
A)  myosin. 
B)  troponin. 
C)  tropomyosin. 
D)  Z lines. A

Question 3

A chemical produced by an animal that serves as a communication to another animal of the same species is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  sign stimulus. 
B)  inducer. 
C)  pheromone. 
D)  imprinter. 
E)  agonistic promoter. 
A)  sign stimulus. 
B)  inducer. 
C)  pheromone. 
D)  imprinter. 
E)  agonistic promoter. C

Question 4

A ball-and-socket joint connects the

Accepted Answer

A)  radius to the ulna. 
B)  radius to the humerus. 
C)  ulna to the humerus. 
D)  humerus to the scapula. 
E)  radius to the scapula. 
A)  radius to the ulna. 
B)  radius to the humerus. 
C)  ulna to the humerus. 
D)  humerus to the scapula. 
E)  radius to the scapula.

Question 5

Compared to viewing a distant object, viewing an object held within 5 cm of the eye requires a lens that

Accepted Answer

A)  has been flattened, as a result of contraction of the ciliary muscles. 
B)  has been made more spherical, as a result of contraction of the ciliary muscles. 
C)  has been flattened, as a result of relaxation of the ciliary muscles. 
D)  has been made more spherical, as a result of relaxation of the ciliary muscles. 
E)  does not change its shape. 
A)  has been flattened, as a result of contraction of the ciliary muscles. 
B)  has been made more spherical, as a result of contraction of the ciliary muscles. 
C)  has been flattened, as a result of relaxation of the ciliary muscles. 
D)  has been made more spherical, as a result of relaxation of the ciliary muscles. 
E)  does not change its shape.

Question 6

Animal communication involves what type of sensory information?

Accepted Answer

A)  visual 
B)  auditory 
C)  olfactory 
D)  tactile 
E)  visual, auditory, olfactory, and tactile 
A)  visual 
B)  auditory 
C)  olfactory 
D)  tactile 
E)  visual, auditory, olfactory, and tactile

Question 7

The binding of calcium to the troponin complex

Accepted Answer

A)  activates myosin kinase, causing phosphorylation of myosin heads. 
B)  disrupts cross-bridges, allowing filaments to slide past each other. 
C)  allows tropomyosin to bind actin. 
D)  opens ion channels, allowing sodium to rush into the muscle cells. 
E)  causes tropomyosin to shift position, exposing myosin bind sites on actin. 
A)  activates myosin kinase, causing phosphorylation of myosin heads. 
B)  disrupts cross-bridges, allowing filaments to slide past each other. 
C)  allows tropomyosin to bind actin. 
D)  opens ion channels, allowing sodium to rush into the muscle cells. 
E)  causes tropomyosin to shift position, exposing myosin bind sites on actin.

Question 8

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle all have

Accepted Answer

A)  A bands and I bands. 
B)  transverse tubules. 
C)  gap junctions. 
D)  motor units. 
E)  thick and thin filaments. 
A)  A bands and I bands. 
B)  transverse tubules. 
C)  gap junctions. 
D)  motor units. 
E)  thick and thin filaments.

Question 9

Upon returning to its hive, a European honeybee communicates to other worker bees the presence of a nearby food source it has discovered by

Accepted Answer

A)  vibrating its wings at varying frequencies. 
B)  performing a round dance. 
C)  performing a waggle dance. 
D)  visual cues. 
E)  All options are correct. 
A)  vibrating its wings at varying frequencies. 
B)  performing a round dance. 
C)  performing a waggle dance. 
D)  visual cues. 
E)  All options are correct.

Question 10

Figure 39.3
-Fred and Joe, two unrelated, mature male gorillas, encounter one another. Fred is courting a female. Fred grunts as Joe comes near. As Joe continues to advance, Fred begins drumming (pounding his chest) and bares his teeth. Joe then rolls on the ground on his back, gets up, and quickly leaves. This behavioral pattern is repeated several times during the mating season. Choose the most specific behavior described by this example.

Accepted Answer

A)  agonistic behavior 
B)  territorial behavior 
C)  learned behavior 
D)  social behavior 
E)  fixed action pattern 
A)  agonistic behavior 
B)  territorial behavior 
C)  learned behavior 
D)  social behavior 
E)  fixed action pattern

Question 11

During the contraction of a vertebrate skeletal muscle fiber, calcium ions

Accepted Answer

A)  break cross-bridges by acting as a cofactor in the hydrolysis of ATP. 
B)  bind with troponin, changing its shape so that the myosinbinding sites on actin are exposed. 
C)  transmit action potentials from the motor neuron to the muscle fiber. 
D)  spread action potentials through the T tubules. 
E)  re-establish the polarization of the plasma membrane following an action potential. 
A)  break cross-bridges by acting as a cofactor in the hydrolysis of ATP. 
B)  bind with troponin, changing its shape so that the myosinbinding sites on actin are exposed. 
C)  transmit action potentials from the motor neuron to the muscle fiber. 
D)  spread action potentials through the T tubules. 
E)  re-establish the polarization of the plasma membrane following an action potential.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true about the certainty of paternity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Young or eggs laid by a female are likely to contain the same genes as another female's eggs in a population of birds. 
B)  The certainty of paternity is high in most species with internal fertilization because the acts of mating and birth are separated by time. 
C)  Males that guard females they have mated with are certain of their paternity. 
D)  The certainty of paternity is low when egg laying and mating occur together, as in external fertilization. 
E)  Paternal behavior exists because it has been reinforced over generations by natural selection. 
A)  Young or eggs laid by a female are likely to contain the same genes as another female's eggs in a population of birds. 
B)  The certainty of paternity is high in most species with internal fertilization because the acts of mating and birth are separated by time. 
C)  Males that guard females they have mated with are certain of their paternity. 
D)  The certainty of paternity is low when egg laying and mating occur together, as in external fertilization. 
E)  Paternal behavior exists because it has been reinforced over generations by natural selection.

Question 13

Although many chimpanzees live in environments containing oil palm nuts, members of only a few populations use stones to crack open the nuts. The likely explanation is that

Accepted Answer

A)  the behavioral difference is caused by genetic differences between populations. 
B)  members of different populations have different nutritional requirements. 
C)  the cultural tradition of using stones to crack nuts has arisen in only some populations. 
D)  members of different populations differ in learning ability. 
E)  members of different populations differ in manual dexterity. 
A)  the behavioral difference is caused by genetic differences between populations. 
B)  members of different populations have different nutritional requirements. 
C)  the cultural tradition of using stones to crack nuts has arisen in only some populations. 
D)  members of different populations differ in learning ability. 
E)  members of different populations differ in manual dexterity.

Question 14

Figure 39.3
-During a field trip, an instructor touched a moth resting on a tree trunk. The moth raised its forewings to reveal large eyespots on its hind wings. The instructor asked why the moth lifted its wings. One student answered that sensory receptors had fired and triggered a neuronal reflex culminating in the contraction of certain muscles. A second student responded that the behavior might frighten predators. Which statement best describes these explanations?

Accepted Answer

A)  The first explanation is correct, but the second is incorrect. 
B)  The first explanation refers to proximate causation, whereas the second refers to ultimate causation. 
C)  The first explanation is biological, whereas the second is philosophical. 
D)  The first explanation is testable as a scientific hypothesis, whereas the second is not. 
E)  Both explanations are reasonable and simply represent a difference of opinion. 
A)  The first explanation is correct, but the second is incorrect. 
B)  The first explanation refers to proximate causation, whereas the second refers to ultimate causation. 
C)  The first explanation is biological, whereas the second is philosophical. 
D)  The first explanation is testable as a scientific hypothesis, whereas the second is not. 
E)  Both explanations are reasonable and simply represent a difference of opinion.

Question 15

Parental protective behavior in turkeys is triggered by the cheeping sound of young chicks. What term best applies to this behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  sign stimulus 
B)  cognition 
C)  imprinting 
D)  classical conditioning 
E)  operant conditioning 
A)  sign stimulus 
B)  cognition 
C)  imprinting 
D)  classical conditioning 
E)  operant conditioning

Question 16

The muscles of a recently deceased human can remain in a contracted state, termed rigor mortis, for several hours, due to the lack of

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphorylated myosin. 
B)  ATP needed to break actin-myosin bonds. 
C)  calcium ions needed to bind to troponin. 
D)  oxygen supplies needed for myoglobin. 
E)  sodium ions needed to fire action potentials. 
A)  phosphorylated myosin. 
B)  ATP needed to break actin-myosin bonds. 
C)  calcium ions needed to bind to troponin. 
D)  oxygen supplies needed for myoglobin. 
E)  sodium ions needed to fire action potentials.

Question 17

A cage containing male mosquitoes has a small earphone placed on top, through which the sound of a female mosquito is played. All the males immediately fly to the earphone and go through all of the steps of copulation. What is the best explanation for this behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  The males learned to associate the sound with females. 
B)  Copulation is a fixed action pattern, and the female flight sound is a sign stimulus that initiates it. 
C)  The sound from the earphone irritated the male mosquitoes, causing them to attempt to sting it. 
D)  The reproductive drive is so strong that when males are deprived of females, they will attempt to mate with anything that has even the slightest female characteristic. 
E)  Through classical conditioning, the male mosquitoes have associated the inappropriate stimulus from the earphone with the normal response of copulation. 
A)  The males learned to associate the sound with females. 
B)  Copulation is a fixed action pattern, and the female flight sound is a sign stimulus that initiates it. 
C)  The sound from the earphone irritated the male mosquitoes, causing them to attempt to sting it. 
D)  The reproductive drive is so strong that when males are deprived of females, they will attempt to mate with anything that has even the slightest female characteristic. 
E)  Through classical conditioning, the male mosquitoes have associated the inappropriate stimulus from the earphone with the normal response of copulation.

Question 18

Action potentials in the heart move from one contractile cell to the next via

Accepted Answer

A)  chemical synapses using acetylcholine. 
B)  chemical synapses using norepinephrine. 
C)  electrical synapses using gap junctions. 
D)  myelinated motor neurons. 
E)  nonmyelinated motor neurons. 
A)  chemical synapses using acetylcholine. 
B)  chemical synapses using norepinephrine. 
C)  electrical synapses using gap junctions. 
D)  myelinated motor neurons. 
E)  nonmyelinated motor neurons.

Question 19

The proximate causes of behavior are interactions with the environment, but behavior is ultimately shaped by

Accepted Answer

A)  hormones. 
B)  evolution. 
C)  sexuality. 
D)  pheromones. 
E)  the nervous system. 
A)  hormones. 
B)  evolution. 
C)  sexuality. 
D)  pheromones. 
E)  the nervous system.

Question 20

Karl von Frisch demonstrated that European honeybees communicate the location of a distant food source by

Accepted Answer

A)  performing a short, straight run during a waggle dance. 
B)  performing a long, straight run during a waggle dance. 
C)  performing a round dance with fast rotations. 
D)  emanating minute amounts of stimulus pheromone. 
E)  varying wing vibration frequency. 
A)  performing a short, straight run during a waggle dance. 
B)  performing a long, straight run during a waggle dance. 
C)  performing a round dance with fast rotations. 
D)  emanating minute amounts of stimulus pheromone. 
E)  varying wing vibration frequency.

Exam 39: Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Figure 39.1 -Which area in Figure 39.1 has only overlapping actin and myosin filaments?

In a relaxed skeletal muscle, actin is not chemically bound to

A chemical produced by an animal that serves as a communication to another animal of the same species is called a(n)

A ball-and-socket joint connects the

Compared to viewing a distant object, viewing an object held within 5 cm of the eye requires a lens that

Animal communication involves what type of sensory information?

The binding of calcium to the troponin complex

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle all have

Upon returning to its hive, a European honeybee communicates to other worker bees the presence of a nearby food source it has discovered by

During the contraction of a vertebrate skeletal muscle fiber, calcium ions

Which of the following statements is true about the certainty of paternity?

Although many chimpanzees live in environments containing oil palm nuts, members of only a few populations use stones to crack open the nuts. The likely explanation is that

Parental protective behavior in turkeys is triggered by the cheeping sound of young chicks. What term best applies to this behavior?

The muscles of a recently deceased human can remain in a contracted state, termed rigor mortis, for several hours, due to the lack of

A cage containing male mosquitoes has a small earphone placed on top, through which the sound of a female mosquito is played. All the males immediately fly to the earphone and go through all of the steps of copulation. What is the best explanation for this behavior?

Action potentials in the heart move from one contractile cell to the next via

The proximate causes of behavior are interactions with the environment, but behavior is ultimately shaped by

Karl von Frisch demonstrated that European honeybees communicate the location of a distant food source by

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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