Question 1

A chemist wishes to make an organic molecule less acidic. Which of the following functional groups should be added to the molecule in order to do so?

Accepted Answer

A)  carboxyl 
B)  sulfhydryl 
C)  hydroxyl 
D)  amino 
E)  phosphate 
A)  carboxyl 
B)  sulfhydryl 
C)  hydroxyl 
D)  amino 
E)  phosphate D

Question 2

A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following statements is true concerning this compound?

Accepted Answer

A)  It lacks an asymmetric carbon, and it is probably a fat or lipid. 
B)  It should dissolve in water. 
C)  It should dissolve in a nonpolar solvent. 
D)  It won't form hydrogen bonds with water. 
E)  It is hydrophobic. 
A)  It lacks an asymmetric carbon, and it is probably a fat or lipid. 
B)  It should dissolve in water. 
C)  It should dissolve in a nonpolar solvent. 
D)  It won't form hydrogen bonds with water. 
E)  It is hydrophobic. B

Question 3

Figure 3.7
-Which of the following descriptors is true of the molecule shown in Figure 3.7?

Accepted Answer

A)  hexose 
B)  fructose 
C)  glucose 
D)  hexose and fructose only 
E)  hexose and glucose only 
A)  hexose 
B)  fructose 
C)  glucose 
D)  hexose and fructose only 
E)  hexose and glucose only E

Question 4

Testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones, respectively, in many vertebrates. In what way(s) do these molecules differ from each other?

Accepted Answer

A)  Testosterone and estradiol are structural isomers but have the same molecular formula. 
B)  Testosterone and estradiol are cis-trans isomers but have the same molecular formula. 
C)  Testosterone and estradiol have different functional groups attached to the same carbon skeleton. 
D)  Testosterone and estradiol have distinctly different chemical structures, with one including four fused rings of carbon atoms, whereas the other has three rings. 
E)  Testosterone and estradiol are enantiomers of the same organic molecule. 
A)  Testosterone and estradiol are structural isomers but have the same molecular formula. 
B)  Testosterone and estradiol are cis-trans isomers but have the same molecular formula. 
C)  Testosterone and estradiol have different functional groups attached to the same carbon skeleton. 
D)  Testosterone and estradiol have distinctly different chemical structures, with one including four fused rings of carbon atoms, whereas the other has three rings. 
E)  Testosterone and estradiol are enantiomers of the same organic molecule.

Question 5

Which of the following statements concerning saturated fats is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are more common in animals than in plants. 
B)  They have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids. 
C)  They generally solidify at room temperature. 
D)  They contain more hydrogen than unsaturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms. 
E)  They are one of several factors that contribute to atherosclerosis. 
A)  They are more common in animals than in plants. 
B)  They have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids. 
C)  They generally solidify at room temperature. 
D)  They contain more hydrogen than unsaturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms. 
E)  They are one of several factors that contribute to atherosclerosis.

Question 6

On food packages, to what does the term insoluble fiber refer?

Accepted Answer

A)  cellulose 
B)  polypeptides 
C)  starch 
D)  amylopectin 
E)  chitin 
A)  cellulose 
B)  polypeptides 
C)  starch 
D)  amylopectin 
E)  chitin

Question 7

Which type of interaction stabilizes the α helix and the β pleated sheet structures of proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrophobic interactions 
B)  disulfide bonds 
C)  ionic bonds 
D)  hydrogen bonds 
E)  peptide bonds 
A)  hydrophobic interactions 
B)  disulfide bonds 
C)  ionic bonds 
D)  hydrogen bonds 
E)  peptide bonds

Question 8

The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a polymer made by linking ten glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  C60H120O60 
B)  C6H12O6 
C)  C60H102O51 
D)  C60H100O50 
E)  C60H111O51 
A)  C60H120O60 
B)  C6H12O6 
C)  C60H102O51 
D)  C60H100O50 
E)  C60H111O51

Question 9

Which of these molecules is not formed by dehydration reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  fatty acids 
B)  disaccharides 
C)  DNA 
D)  protein 
E)  amylose 
A)  fatty acids 
B)  disaccharides 
C)  DNA 
D)  protein 
E)  amylose

Question 10

Figure 3.9
-Which of the following statements is true regarding the molecule illustrated in Figure 3.9?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a saturated fatty acid. 
B)  A diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. 
C)  Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. 
D)  It is a saturated fatty acid, and a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. 
E)  It is a saturated fatty acid, a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis, and molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. 
A)  It is a saturated fatty acid. 
B)  A diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. 
C)  Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature. 
D)  It is a saturated fatty acid, and a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis. 
E)  It is a saturated fatty acid, a diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis, and molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature.

Question 11

The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the

Accepted Answer

A)  primary level. 
B)  secondary level. 
C)  tertiary level. 
D)  quaternary level. 
E)  All structural levels are equally affected. 
A)  primary level. 
B)  secondary level. 
C)  tertiary level. 
D)  quaternary level. 
E)  All structural levels are equally affected.

Question 12

The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  the chemical versatility of carbon atoms. 
B)  the variety of rare elements in organic molecules. 
C)  the fact that they can be synthesized only in living organisms. 
D)  their interaction with water. 
E)  their tremendously large sizes. 
A)  the chemical versatility of carbon atoms. 
B)  the variety of rare elements in organic molecules. 
C)  the fact that they can be synthesized only in living organisms. 
D)  their interaction with water. 
E)  their tremendously large sizes.

Question 13

Differences among organisms are caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  large differences in elemental composition from organism to organism. 
B)  differences in the types and relative amounts of organic molecules synthesized by each organism. 
C)  differences in the elements that bond with carbon in each organism. 
D)  differences in the sizes of the organic molecules in each organism. 
E)  differences in the inorganic compounds present in each organism. 
A)  large differences in elemental composition from organism to organism. 
B)  differences in the types and relative amounts of organic molecules synthesized by each organism. 
C)  differences in the elements that bond with carbon in each organism. 
D)  differences in the sizes of the organic molecules in each organism. 
E)  differences in the inorganic compounds present in each organism.

Question 14

Figure 3.5
-Which molecule shown in Figure 3.5 would have a positive charge in a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 15

If 14C-labeled uracil is added to the growth medium of cells, what macromolecules will be labeled?

Accepted Answer

A)  phospholipids 
B)  DNA 
C)  RNA 
D)  both DNA and RNA 
E)  proteins 
A)  phospholipids 
B)  DNA 
C)  RNA 
D)  both DNA and RNA 
E)  proteins

Question 16

Dehydration reactions are used in forming which of the following compounds?

Accepted Answer

A)  triacylglycerides 
B)  polysaccharides 
C)  proteins 
D)  triacylglycerides and proteins only 
E)  triacylglycerides, polysaccharides, and proteins 
A)  triacylglycerides 
B)  polysaccharides 
C)  proteins 
D)  triacylglycerides and proteins only 
E)  triacylglycerides, polysaccharides, and proteins

Question 17

Figure 3.4
-Which of the groups shown in Figure 3.4 is a functional group that helps stabilize proteins by forming covalent cross-links within or between protein molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 18

What is the structural feature that allows DNA to replicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  sugar-phosphate backbone 
B)  complementary pairing of the nitrogenous bases 
C)  disulfide bonding (bridging) of the two helixes 
D)  twisting of the molecule to form an α helix 
E)  three-component structure of the nucleotides 
A)  sugar-phosphate backbone 
B)  complementary pairing of the nitrogenous bases 
C)  disulfide bonding (bridging) of the two helixes 
D)  twisting of the molecule to form an α helix 
E)  three-component structure of the nucleotides

Question 19

Which chemical group is most likely to be responsible for an organic molecule behaving as a base (see Concept 2.5)?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydroxyl 
B)  carbonyl 
C)  carboxyl 
D)  amino 
E)  phosphate 
A)  hydroxyl 
B)  carbonyl 
C)  carboxyl 
D)  amino 
E)  phosphate

Question 20

Which of the following is not a polymer?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  starch 
C)  cellulose 
D)  chitin 
E)  DNA 
A)  glucose 
B)  starch 
C)  cellulose 
D)  chitin 
E)  DNA

Exam 3: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A chemist wishes to make an organic molecule less acidic. Which of the following functional groups should be added to the molecule in order to do so?

A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following statements is true concerning this compound?

Figure 3.7 -Which of the following descriptors is true of the molecule shown in Figure 3.7?

Testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones, respectively, in many vertebrates. In what way(s) do these molecules differ from each other?

Which of the following statements concerning saturated fats is not true?

On food packages, to what does the term insoluble fiber refer?

Which type of interaction stabilizes the α helix and the β pleated sheet structures of proteins?

The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a polymer made by linking ten glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?

Which of these molecules is not formed by dehydration reactions?

Figure 3.9 -Which of the following statements is true regarding the molecule illustrated in Figure 3.9?

The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the

The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to

Differences among organisms are caused by

Figure 3.5 -Which molecule shown in Figure 3.5 would have a positive charge in a cell?

If 14C-labeled uracil is added to the growth medium of cells, what macromolecules will be labeled?

Dehydration reactions are used in forming which of the following compounds?

Figure 3.4 -Which of the groups shown in Figure 3.4 is a functional group that helps stabilize proteins by forming covalent cross-links within or between protein molecules?

What is the structural feature that allows DNA to replicate?

Which chemical group is most likely to be responsible for an organic molecule behaving as a base (see Concept 2.5)?

Which of the following is not a polymer?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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