Question 1

What drives the flow of water through the xylem?

Accepted Answer

A)  passive transport by the endodermis 
B)  the number of companion cells in the phloem 
C)  the evaporation of water from the leaves 
D)  active transport by sieve-tube elements 
E)  active transport by tracheid and vessel elements 
A)  passive transport by the endodermis 
B)  the number of companion cells in the phloem 
C)  the evaporation of water from the leaves 
D)  active transport by sieve-tube elements 
E)  active transport by tracheid and vessel elements C

Question 2

Active transport involves all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion of solute through the lipid bilayer of a membrane. 
B)  pumping of solutes across the membrane. 
C)  hydrolysis of ATP. 
D)  transport of solute against a concentration gradient. 
E)  specific transport proteins in the membrane. 
A)  diffusion of solute through the lipid bilayer of a membrane. 
B)  pumping of solutes across the membrane. 
C)  hydrolysis of ATP. 
D)  transport of solute against a concentration gradient. 
E)  specific transport proteins in the membrane. A

Question 3

What is the role of proton pumps in root hair cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  establish ATP gradients 
B)  maintain the H+ gradient 
C)  pressurize xylem transport 
D)  eliminate excess electrons 
E)  assist in active uptake of water molecules 
A)  establish ATP gradients 
B)  maintain the H+ gradient 
C)  pressurize xylem transport 
D)  eliminate excess electrons 
E)  assist in active uptake of water molecules B

Question 4

Iron deficiency is often indicated by yellowing in newly formed leaves. This suggests that iron

Accepted Answer

A)  is a relatively immobile nutrient in plants. 
B)  is tied up in formed chlorophyll molecules. 
C)  is concentrated in the xylem of older leaves. 
D)  is concentrated in the phloem of older leaves. 
E)  is found in leghemoglobin and reduces the amount available to new plant parts. 
A)  is a relatively immobile nutrient in plants. 
B)  is tied up in formed chlorophyll molecules. 
C)  is concentrated in the xylem of older leaves. 
D)  is concentrated in the phloem of older leaves. 
E)  is found in leghemoglobin and reduces the amount available to new plant parts.

Question 5

Compared to a cell with few aquaporins in its membrane, a cell containing many aquaporins will

Accepted Answer

A)  have a faster rate of osmosis. 
B)  have a lower water potential. 
C)  have a higher water potential. 
D)  have a faster rate of active transport. 
E)  be flaccid. 
A)  have a faster rate of osmosis. 
B)  have a lower water potential. 
C)  have a higher water potential. 
D)  have a faster rate of active transport. 
E)  be flaccid.

Question 6

Which structure or compartment is part of the symplast?

Accepted Answer

A)  the interior of a vessel element 
B)  the interior of a sieve tube 
C)  the cell wall of a mesophyll cell 
D)  an extracellular air space 
E)  a Casparian strip 
A)  the interior of a vessel element 
B)  the interior of a sieve tube 
C)  the cell wall of a mesophyll cell 
D)  an extracellular air space 
E)  a Casparian strip

Question 7

Which of the following statements about xylem is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  It conducts material from root tips to leaves. 
B)  The conducting cells are part of the apoplast. 
C)  It transports mainly sugars and amino acids. 
D)  It typically has a lower water potential than is found in soil. 
E)  No energy input is required for transport. 
A)  It conducts material from root tips to leaves. 
B)  The conducting cells are part of the apoplast. 
C)  It transports mainly sugars and amino acids. 
D)  It typically has a lower water potential than is found in soil. 
E)  No energy input is required for transport.

Question 8

You are conducting an experiment on plant growth. You take a plant fresh from the soil that weighs 5 kg. Then you dry the plant overnight and determine the dry weight to be 1 kg. Of this dry weight, how much would you expect to be made up of organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 gram 
B)  4 grams 
C)  40 grams 
D)  960 grams 
E)  1 kg 
A)  1 gram 
B)  4 grams 
C)  40 grams 
D)  960 grams 
E)  1 kg

Question 9

Rhizobia, actinomycetes, and cyanobacteria all share the common feature that they can

Accepted Answer

A)  increase water uptake in plants. 
B)  increase nutrient availability in the soil for plants. 
C)  kill parasites in the soil. 
D)  exist in extreme environments. 
E)  fix atmospheric nitrogen. 
A)  increase water uptake in plants. 
B)  increase nutrient availability in the soil for plants. 
C)  kill parasites in the soil. 
D)  exist in extreme environments. 
E)  fix atmospheric nitrogen.

Question 10

Synthesis of which of the following compounds in a mature leaf would be least impacted by a temporary soil nitrogen deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  chlorophyll 
B)  DNA 
C)  RNA 
D)  amino acids 
E)  cellulose 
A)  chlorophyll 
B)  DNA 
C)  RNA 
D)  amino acids 
E)  cellulose

Question 11

Some botanists argue that the entire plant should be considered as a single unit rather than a composite of many individual cells. Which of the following cellular structures best supports this view?

Accepted Answer

A)  cell wall 
B)  cell membrane 
C)  cytosol 
D)  vacuole 
E)  plasmodesmata 
A)  cell wall 
B)  cell membrane 
C)  cytosol 
D)  vacuole 
E)  plasmodesmata

Question 12

Which of the following is a true statement about nitrogen fixation in root nodules?

Accepted Answer

A)  The plant contributes the nitrogenase enzyme. 
B)  The process is relatively inexpensive in terms of ATP costs. 
C)  Leghemoglobin helps maintain a low O2 concentration within the nodule. 
D)  The process tends to deplete nitrogen compounds in the soil. 
E)  The bacteria of the nodule are autotrophic. 
A)  The plant contributes the nitrogenase enzyme. 
B)  The process is relatively inexpensive in terms of ATP costs. 
C)  Leghemoglobin helps maintain a low O2 concentration within the nodule. 
D)  The process tends to deplete nitrogen compounds in the soil. 
E)  The bacteria of the nodule are autotrophic.

Question 13

An open beaker of pure water has a water potential (Ψ) of

Accepted Answer

A)  -0.23 MPa. 
B)  +0.23 MPa. 
C)  +0.07 MPa. 
D)  -0.0000001 MPa. 
E)  0.0 (zero). 
A)  -0.23 MPa. 
B)  +0.23 MPa. 
C)  +0.07 MPa. 
D)  -0.0000001 MPa. 
E)  0.0 (zero).

Question 14

The enzyme complex nitrogenase catalyzes the reaction that reduces atmospheric nitrogen to

Accepted Answer

A)  N2 
B)  NH3 
C)  NO2 
D)  NO+ 
E)  NO- 
A)  N2 
B)  NH3 
C)  NO2 
D)  NO+ 
E)  NO-

Question 15

A young farmer purchases some land in a relatively arid area and is interested in earning a reasonable profit for many years. Which of the following strategies would best allow the farmer to achieve such a goal?

Accepted Answer

A)  establishing an extensive irrigation system 
B)  using plenty of the best fertilizers 
C)  finding a way to sell all parts of crop plants 
D)  selecting crops adapted to arid areas 
E)  converting hillsides into fields 
A)  establishing an extensive irrigation system 
B)  using plenty of the best fertilizers 
C)  finding a way to sell all parts of crop plants 
D)  selecting crops adapted to arid areas 
E)  converting hillsides into fields

Question 16

Transpiration in plants requires all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  adhesion of water molecules to cellulose. 
B)  cohesion between water molecules. 
C)  evaporation of water molecules. 
D)  active transport through xylem cells. 
E)  transport through tracheids. 
A)  adhesion of water molecules to cellulose. 
B)  cohesion between water molecules. 
C)  evaporation of water molecules. 
D)  active transport through xylem cells. 
E)  transport through tracheids.

Question 17

An example of a mutualistic association between a plant and a fungus would be

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen fixation. 
B)  Rhizobium infection. 
C)  mycorrhizae. 
D)  parasitic infection. 
E)  assisted pollination. 
A)  nitrogen fixation. 
B)  Rhizobium infection. 
C)  mycorrhizae. 
D)  parasitic infection. 
E)  assisted pollination.

Question 18

Most of the dry weight of a plant is the result of uptake of

Accepted Answer

A)  water and minerals through root hairs. 
B)  water and minerals through mycorrhizae. 
C)  CO2 through stoma. 
D)  CO2 and O2 through stomata in leaves. 
E)  carbohydrates in the root hairs and concentration in the root cortex. 
A)  water and minerals through root hairs. 
B)  water and minerals through mycorrhizae. 
C)  CO2 through stoma. 
D)  CO2 and O2 through stomata in leaves. 
E)  carbohydrates in the root hairs and concentration in the root cortex.

Question 19

Movement of xylem sap from roots to leaves

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs through the apoplast of sieve-tube elements. 
B)  usually depends on tension, or negative pressure potential. 
C)  depends on active transport. 
D)  depends on the pumping of water through aquaporins. 
E)  results mainly from diffusion. 
A)  occurs through the apoplast of sieve-tube elements. 
B)  usually depends on tension, or negative pressure potential. 
C)  depends on active transport. 
D)  depends on the pumping of water through aquaporins. 
E)  results mainly from diffusion.

Question 20

Pine seedlings grown in sterile potting soil grow much slower than seedlings grown in soil from the area where the seeds were collected. This is most likely because

Accepted Answer

A)  the sterilization process kills the root hairs as they emerge from the seedling. 
B)  the normal symbiotic fungi are not present in the sterilized soil. 
C)  sterilization removes essential nutrients from the soil. 
D)  water and mineral uptake is faster when mycorrhizae are present. 
E)  B and D. 
A)  the sterilization process kills the root hairs as they emerge from the seedling. 
B)  the normal symbiotic fungi are not present in the sterilized soil. 
C)  sterilization removes essential nutrients from the soil. 
D)  water and mineral uptake is faster when mycorrhizae are present. 
E)  B and D.

Exam 29: Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

What drives the flow of water through the xylem?

Active transport involves all of the following except

What is the role of proton pumps in root hair cells?

Iron deficiency is often indicated by yellowing in newly formed leaves. This suggests that iron

Compared to a cell with few aquaporins in its membrane, a cell containing many aquaporins will

Which structure or compartment is part of the symplast?

Which of the following statements about xylem is incorrect?

You are conducting an experiment on plant growth. You take a plant fresh from the soil that weighs 5 kg. Then you dry the plant overnight and determine the dry weight to be 1 kg. Of this dry weight, how much would you expect to be made up of organic molecules?

Rhizobia, actinomycetes, and cyanobacteria all share the common feature that they can

Synthesis of which of the following compounds in a mature leaf would be least impacted by a temporary soil nitrogen deficiency?

Some botanists argue that the entire plant should be considered as a single unit rather than a composite of many individual cells. Which of the following cellular structures best supports this view?

Which of the following is a true statement about nitrogen fixation in root nodules?

An open beaker of pure water has a water potential (Ψ) of

The enzyme complex nitrogenase catalyzes the reaction that reduces atmospheric nitrogen to

A young farmer purchases some land in a relatively arid area and is interested in earning a reasonable profit for many years. Which of the following strategies would best allow the farmer to achieve such a goal?

Transpiration in plants requires all of the following except

An example of a mutualistic association between a plant and a fungus would be

Most of the dry weight of a plant is the result of uptake of

Movement of xylem sap from roots to leaves

Pine seedlings grown in sterile potting soil grow much slower than seedlings grown in soil from the area where the seeds were collected. This is most likely because

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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