Question 1

When the digestion and absorption of organic carbohydrates results in more energy-rich molecules than are immediately required by an animal, the excess is

Accepted Answer

A)  eliminated in the feces. 
B)  stored as starch in the liver. 
C)  stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles. 
D)  oxidized and converted to ATP. 
E)  hydrolyzed and converted to ADP. 
A)  eliminated in the feces. 
B)  stored as starch in the liver. 
C)  stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles. 
D)  oxidized and converted to ATP. 
E)  hydrolyzed and converted to ADP. C

Question 2

A fasting animal whose energy needs exceed those provided in its diet draws on its stored resources in which order?

Accepted Answer

A)  fat, then glycogen, then protein 
B)  glycogen, then protein, then fat 
C)  liver glycogen, then muscle glycogen, then fat 
D)  muscle glycogen, then fat, then liver glycogen 
E)  fat, then protein, then glycogen 
A)  fat, then glycogen, then protein 
B)  glycogen, then protein, then fat 
C)  liver glycogen, then muscle glycogen, then fat 
D)  muscle glycogen, then fat, then liver glycogen 
E)  fat, then protein, then glycogen C

Question 3

In a well-fed human eating a Western diet, the richest source of stored chemical energy in the body is

Accepted Answer

A)  fat in adipose tissue. 
B)  glucose in the blood. 
C)  protein in muscle cells. 
D)  glycogen in muscle cells. 
E)  calcium phosphate in bone. 
A)  fat in adipose tissue. 
B)  glucose in the blood. 
C)  protein in muscle cells. 
D)  glycogen in muscle cells. 
E)  calcium phosphate in bone. A

Question 4

Ingested dietary substances must cross cell membranes to be used by the body, a process known as

Accepted Answer

A)  ingestion. 
B)  digestion. 
C)  hydrolysis. 
D)  absorption. 
E)  elimination. 
A)  ingestion. 
B)  digestion. 
C)  hydrolysis. 
D)  absorption. 
E)  elimination.

Question 5

A hiatal hernia that disrupts the functional relationship between the smooth muscle in the esophagus and that in the stomach would be most likely to increase the frequency of

Accepted Answer

A)  gastric reflux. 
B)  premature entry of food into the duodenum. 
C)  excess secretion of pepsinogen. 
D)  increased stomach pH. 
E)  retention of food in the stomach. 
A)  gastric reflux. 
B)  premature entry of food into the duodenum. 
C)  excess secretion of pepsinogen. 
D)  increased stomach pH. 
E)  retention of food in the stomach.

Question 6

Historically inaccurate diagnosis of acid reflux disorders and gastric ulcers has been improved by

Accepted Answer

A)  pH monitoring. 
B)  X-ray technology. 
C)  the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection. 
D)  colonoscopy. 
E)  sonography. 
A)  pH monitoring. 
B)  X-ray technology. 
C)  the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection. 
D)  colonoscopy. 
E)  sonography.

Question 7

Stomach cells are moderately well adapted to the acidity and protein-digesting activities in the stomach by having

Accepted Answer

A)  a sufficient colony of H. pylori. 
B)  a thick, mucous secretion and active mitosis of epithelial cells. 
C)  a high level of secretion by chief cells. 
D)  a high level of secretion from parietal cells. 
E)  secretions enter the stomach from the pancreas. 
A)  a sufficient colony of H. pylori. 
B)  a thick, mucous secretion and active mitosis of epithelial cells. 
C)  a high level of secretion by chief cells. 
D)  a high level of secretion from parietal cells. 
E)  secretions enter the stomach from the pancreas.

Question 8

The molar teeth of herbivorous mammals are especially effective at

Accepted Answer

A)  cutting. 
B)  ripping. 
C)  grinding. 
D)  splitting. 
E)  piercing. 
A)  cutting. 
B)  ripping. 
C)  grinding. 
D)  splitting. 
E)  piercing.

Question 9

In marine sponges, intracellular digestion of peptides is usually immediately preceded by

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrolysis. 
B)  endocytosis. 
C)  absorption. 
D)  elimination. 
E)  secretion. 
A)  hydrolysis. 
B)  endocytosis. 
C)  absorption. 
D)  elimination. 
E)  secretion.

Question 10

Because the foods eaten by animals are often composed largely of macromolecules, this requires the animals to have mechanisms for

Accepted Answer

A)  elimination. 
B)  dehydration synthesis. 
C)  enzymatic hydrolysis. 
D)  regurgitation. 
E)  demineralization. 
A)  elimination. 
B)  dehydration synthesis. 
C)  enzymatic hydrolysis. 
D)  regurgitation. 
E)  demineralization.

Question 11

Use the following information to answer the question below.
Mouse mutations can affect an animal's appetite and eating habits. The ob gene codes for a satiety factor, the hormone leptin. The db gene product, the leptin receptor, is required to respond to the satiety factor.
-Leptin is a product of adipose cells. Therefore, a very obese mouse would be expected to have

Accepted Answer

A)  increased gene expression of ob and decreased expression of db. 
B)  increased gene expression of db and decreased expression of ob. 
C)  decreased transcription of both ob and db. 
D)  mutation of ob or db. 
A)  increased gene expression of ob and decreased expression of db. 
B)  increased gene expression of db and decreased expression of ob. 
C)  decreased transcription of both ob and db. 
D)  mutation of ob or db.

Question 12

Independent of whether an organism is an endotherm or ectoderm, the least reliable indicator of an animal's metabolic rate is the amount of

Accepted Answer

A)  food eaten in one day. 
B)  heat generated in one day. 
C)  oxygen used in mitochondria in one day. 
D)  carbon dioxide produced in one day. 
E)  water consumed in one day. 
A)  food eaten in one day. 
B)  heat generated in one day. 
C)  oxygen used in mitochondria in one day. 
D)  carbon dioxide produced in one day. 
E)  water consumed in one day.

Question 13

Constipation can result from the consumption of a substance that

Accepted Answer

A)  contains plenty of fiber. 
B)  promotes water reabsorption in the large intestine. 
C)  speeds up movement of material in the large intestine. 
D)  decreases water reabsorption in the small intestine. 
E)  stimulates peristalsis. 
A)  contains plenty of fiber. 
B)  promotes water reabsorption in the large intestine. 
C)  speeds up movement of material in the large intestine. 
D)  decreases water reabsorption in the small intestine. 
E)  stimulates peristalsis.

Question 14

After surgical removal of an infected gallbladder, a person must be especially careful to restrict dietary intake of

Accepted Answer

A)  starch. 
B)  protein. 
C)  sugar. 
D)  fat. 
E)  water. 
A)  starch. 
B)  protein. 
C)  sugar. 
D)  fat. 
E)  water.

Question 15

Analysis of jawbones from the skeletal remains of a vertebrate animal reveal its dietary patterns owing to

Accepted Answer

A)  the position of muscle attachment sites. 
B)  the prevalence of specific kinds of teeth. 
C)  the size of the mouth opening. 
D)  the evidence of food molecules still present. 
E)  whether the mouth is the most anterior structure. 
A)  the position of muscle attachment sites. 
B)  the prevalence of specific kinds of teeth. 
C)  the size of the mouth opening. 
D)  the evidence of food molecules still present. 
E)  whether the mouth is the most anterior structure.

Question 16

In the digestive system, peristalsis is

Accepted Answer

A)  a process of fat emulsification in the small intestine. 
B)  voluntary control of the rectal sphincters regulating defecation. 
C)  the transport of nutrients to the liver through the hepatic portal vessel. 
D)  a common cause of loss of appetite, fatigue, and dehydration. 
E)  smooth muscle contractions that move food along the esophagus. 
A)  a process of fat emulsification in the small intestine. 
B)  voluntary control of the rectal sphincters regulating defecation. 
C)  the transport of nutrients to the liver through the hepatic portal vessel. 
D)  a common cause of loss of appetite, fatigue, and dehydration. 
E)  smooth muscle contractions that move food along the esophagus.

Question 17

If you were to jog 1 km a few hours after lunch, which stored fuel would you probably tap?

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle proteins 
B)  muscle and liver glycogen 
C)  fat stored in the liver 
D)  fat stored in adipose tissue 
E)  blood proteins 
A)  muscle proteins 
B)  muscle and liver glycogen 
C)  fat stored in the liver 
D)  fat stored in adipose tissue 
E)  blood proteins

Question 18

Use the following table showing the contents of a multivitamin supplement and its percentage of recommended daily values (% DV) to answer the following questions.
   Figure 33.1
-A mineral that is especially important for preventing anemia is

Accepted Answer

A)  zinc. 
B)  iron. 
C)  iodine. 
D)  molybdenum. 
E)  folic acid. 
A)  zinc. 
B)  iron. 
C)  iodine. 
D)  molybdenum. 
E)  folic acid.

Question 19

Salivary amylase digests

Accepted Answer

A)  protein. 
B)  starches. 
C)  monosaccharides. 
D)  glucose. 
E)  maltose. 
A)  protein. 
B)  starches. 
C)  monosaccharides. 
D)  glucose. 
E)  maltose.

Question 20

Excessive iron absorption and accumulation to toxic levels is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  excessive blood volume. 
B)  a liver abnormality that results in a decreased number of red blood cells. 
C)  various forms of inherited or acquired anemia. 
D)  the genetic disorder known as hemochromatosis. 
E)  menstruation and menopause. 
A)  excessive blood volume. 
B)  a liver abnormality that results in a decreased number of red blood cells. 
C)  various forms of inherited or acquired anemia. 
D)  the genetic disorder known as hemochromatosis. 
E)  menstruation and menopause.

Exam 33: Animal Nutrition

When the digestion and absorption of organic carbohydrates results in more energy-rich molecules than are immediately required by an animal, the excess is

A fasting animal whose energy needs exceed those provided in its diet draws on its stored resources in which order?

In a well-fed human eating a Western diet, the richest source of stored chemical energy in the body is

Ingested dietary substances must cross cell membranes to be used by the body, a process known as

A hiatal hernia that disrupts the functional relationship between the smooth muscle in the esophagus and that in the stomach would be most likely to increase the frequency of

Historically inaccurate diagnosis of acid reflux disorders and gastric ulcers has been improved by

Stomach cells are moderately well adapted to the acidity and protein-digesting activities in the stomach by having

The molar teeth of herbivorous mammals are especially effective at

In marine sponges, intracellular digestion of peptides is usually immediately preceded by

Because the foods eaten by animals are often composed largely of macromolecules, this requires the animals to have mechanisms for

Independent of whether an organism is an endotherm or ectoderm, the least reliable indicator of an animal's metabolic rate is the amount of

Constipation can result from the consumption of a substance that

After surgical removal of an infected gallbladder, a person must be especially careful to restrict dietary intake of

Analysis of jawbones from the skeletal remains of a vertebrate animal reveal its dietary patterns owing to

In the digestive system, peristalsis is

If you were to jog 1 km a few hours after lunch, which stored fuel would you probably tap?

Use the following table showing the contents of a multivitamin supplement and its percentage of recommended daily values (% DV) to answer the following questions. Figure 33.1 -A mineral that is especially important for preventing anemia is

Salivary amylase digests

Excessive iron absorption and accumulation to toxic levels is associated with

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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