Question 1

In mitochondria, exergonic redox reactions

Accepted Answer

A)  are the source of energy driving prokaryotic ATP synthesis. 
B)  are directly coupled to substrate-level phosphorylation. 
C)  provide the energy that establishes the proton gradient. 
D)  reduce carbon atoms to carbon dioxide. 
E)  use ATP to pump H+ out of the mitochondrion. 
A)  are the source of energy driving prokaryotic ATP synthesis. 
B)  are directly coupled to substrate-level phosphorylation. 
C)  provide the energy that establishes the proton gradient. 
D)  reduce carbon atoms to carbon dioxide. 
E)  use ATP to pump H+ out of the mitochondrion. C

Question 2

The synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, using the energy released by movement of protons across the membrane down their electrochemical gradient, is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  active transport. 
B)  an endergonic reaction coupled to an exergonic reaction. 
C)  a reaction with a positive ΔG . 
D)  osmosis. 
E)  allosteric regulation. 
A)  active transport. 
B)  an endergonic reaction coupled to an exergonic reaction. 
C)  a reaction with a positive ΔG . 
D)  osmosis. 
E)  allosteric regulation. B

Question 3

Chemiosmotic ATP synthesis (oxidative phosphorylation) occurs in

Accepted Answer

A)  all cells, but only in the presence of oxygen. 
B)  only eukaryotic cells, in the presence of oxygen. 
C)  only in mitochondria, using either oxygen or other electron acceptors. 
D)  all respiring cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, using either oxygen or other electron acceptors. 
E)  all cells, in the absence of respiration. 
A)  all cells, but only in the presence of oxygen. 
B)  only eukaryotic cells, in the presence of oxygen. 
C)  only in mitochondria, using either oxygen or other electron acceptors. 
D)  all respiring cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, using either oxygen or other electron acceptors. 
E)  all cells, in the absence of respiration. D

Question 4

For each molecule of glucose that is metabolized by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle (see Figure 7.1), what is the total number of NADH + FADH2 molecules produced?

Accepted Answer

A)  4 
B)  5 
C)  6 
D)  10 
E)  12 
A)  4 
B)  5 
C)  6 
D)  10 
E)  12

Question 5

Which metabolic pathway is common to both cellular respiration and fermentation?

Accepted Answer

A)  the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
B)  the citric acid cycle 
C)  oxidative phosphorylation 
D)  glycolysis 
E)  chemiosmosis 
A)  the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
B)  the citric acid cycle 
C)  oxidative phosphorylation 
D)  glycolysis 
E)  chemiosmosis

Question 6

Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved?

Accepted Answer

A)  It produces much less ATP than does oxidative phosphorylation. 
B)  It does not involve organelles or specialized structures, does not require oxygen, and is present in most organisms. 
C)  It is found in prokaryotic cells but not in eukaryotic cells. 
D)  It relies on chemiosmosis, which is a metabolic mechanism present only in the first cells' prokaryotic cells. 
E)  It requires the presence of membrane-enclosed cell organelles found only in eukaryotic cells. 
A)  It produces much less ATP than does oxidative phosphorylation. 
B)  It does not involve organelles or specialized structures, does not require oxygen, and is present in most organisms. 
C)  It is found in prokaryotic cells but not in eukaryotic cells. 
D)  It relies on chemiosmosis, which is a metabolic mechanism present only in the first cells' prokaryotic cells. 
E)  It requires the presence of membrane-enclosed cell organelles found only in eukaryotic cells.

Question 7

Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ into which location in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  cytosol 
B)  mitochondrial outer membrane 
C)  mitochondrial inner membrane 
D)  mitochondrial intermembrane space 
E)  mitochondrial matrix 
A)  cytosol 
B)  mitochondrial outer membrane 
C)  mitochondrial inner membrane 
D)  mitochondrial intermembrane space 
E)  mitochondrial matrix

Question 8

In prokaryotes, the respiratory electron transport chain is located

Accepted Answer

A)  in the mitochondrial inner membrane. 
B)  in the mitochondrial outer membrane. 
C)  in the plasma membrane. 
D)  in the cytoplasm. 
E)  in the bacterial outer membrane. 
A)  in the mitochondrial inner membrane. 
B)  in the mitochondrial outer membrane. 
C)  in the plasma membrane. 
D)  in the cytoplasm. 
E)  in the bacterial outer membrane.

Question 9

In the presence of oxygen, the three-carbon compound pyruvate can be catabolized in the citric acid cycle. First, however, the pyruvate (1) loses a carbon, which is given off as a molecule of CO2, (2) is oxidized to form a two-carbon compound called acetate, and (3) is bonded to coenzyme A.
-These three steps result in the formation of

Accepted Answer

A)  acetyl CoA, O2, and ATP. 
B)  acetyl CoA, FADH2, and CO2. 
C)  acetyl CoA, FAD, H2, and CO2. 
D)  acetyl CoA, NADH, H+, and CO2. 
E)  acetyl CoA, NAD+, ATP, and CO2. 
A)  acetyl CoA, O2, and ATP. 
B)  acetyl CoA, FADH2, and CO2. 
C)  acetyl CoA, FAD, H2, and CO2. 
D)  acetyl CoA, NADH, H+, and CO2. 
E)  acetyl CoA, NAD+, ATP, and CO2.

Question 10

During aerobic respiration, electrons travel downhill in which sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  food → citric acid cycle → ATP → NAD+ 
B)  food → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen 
C)  glucose → pyruvate → ATP → oxygen 
D)  glucose → ATP → electron transport chain → NADH 
E)  food → glycolysis → citric acid cycle → NADH → ATP 
A)  food → citric acid cycle → ATP → NAD+ 
B)  food → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen 
C)  glucose → pyruvate → ATP → oxygen 
D)  glucose → ATP → electron transport chain → NADH 
E)  food → glycolysis → citric acid cycle → NADH → ATP

Question 11

Which of the following occur(s) in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis and fermentation 
B)  fermentation and chemiosmosis 
C)  oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
D)  citric acid cycle 
E)  oxidative phosphorylation 
A)  glycolysis and fermentation 
B)  fermentation and chemiosmosis 
C)  oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
D)  citric acid cycle 
E)  oxidative phosphorylation

Question 12

Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of two molecules of glucose (C6H12O6) in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  15 
D)  30-32 
E)  60-64 
A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  15 
D)  30-32 
E)  60-64

Question 13

How does the addition of coenzyme A, a sulfur-containing molecule derived from a B vitamin, function in the subsequent reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  It provides the sulfur needed for the molecule to enter the mitochondrion. 
B)  It utilizes this portion of a B vitamin, which would otherwise be a waste product from another pathway. 
C)  It provides a relatively unstable molecule whose acetyl portion can be readily transferred to a compound in the citric acid cycle. 
D)  It drives the reaction that regenerates NAD+. 
E)  It removes one molecule of CO2. 
A)  It provides the sulfur needed for the molecule to enter the mitochondrion. 
B)  It utilizes this portion of a B vitamin, which would otherwise be a waste product from another pathway. 
C)  It provides a relatively unstable molecule whose acetyl portion can be readily transferred to a compound in the citric acid cycle. 
D)  It drives the reaction that regenerates NAD+. 
E)  It removes one molecule of CO2.

Question 14

Which of the following produces the most ATP when glucose (C6H12O6) is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis 
B)  fermentation 
C)  oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
D)  citric acid cycle 
E)  oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis) 
A)  glycolysis 
B)  fermentation 
C)  oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
D)  citric acid cycle 
E)  oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis)

Question 15

The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to

Accepted Answer

A)  yield energy in the form of ATP as it is passed down the respiratory chain. 
B)  act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water. 
C)  combine with carbon, forming CO2. 
D)  combine with lactate, forming pyruvate. 
E)  catalyze the reactions of glycolysis. 
A)  yield energy in the form of ATP as it is passed down the respiratory chain. 
B)  act as an acceptor for electrons and hydrogen, forming water. 
C)  combine with carbon, forming CO2. 
D)  combine with lactate, forming pyruvate. 
E)  catalyze the reactions of glycolysis.

Question 16

How many carbon atoms are fed into the citric acid cycle as a result of the oxidation of one molecule of pyruvate?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  6 
D)  8 
E)  10 
A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  6 
D)  8 
E)  10

Question 17

If a cell is able to synthesize 30 ATP molecules for each molecule of glucose completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, approximately how many ATP molecules can the cell synthesize for each molecule of pyruvate oxidized to carbon dioxide and water?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  12 
D)  14 
E)  26 
A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  12 
D)  14 
E)  26

Question 18

An organism is discovered that thrives both in the presence and absence of oxygen in the air. Curiously, the consumption of sugar increases as oxygen is removed from the organism's environment, even though the organism does not gain much weight. This organism

Accepted Answer

A)  must use a molecule other than oxygen to accept electrons from the electron transport chain. 
B)  is a normal eukaryotic organism. 
C)  is photosynthetic. 
D)  is an anaerobic organism. 
E)  is a facultative anaerobe. 
A)  must use a molecule other than oxygen to accept electrons from the electron transport chain. 
B)  is a normal eukaryotic organism. 
C)  is photosynthetic. 
D)  is an anaerobic organism. 
E)  is a facultative anaerobe.

Question 19

How many oxygen molecules (O2) are required each time a molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water via aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  6 
D)  12 
E)  30 
A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  6 
D)  12 
E)  30

Question 20

In chemiosmosis, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + ℗i to ATP?

Accepted Answer

A)  energy released as electrons flow through the electron transport system 
B)  energy released from substrate-level phosphorylation 
C)  energy released from dehydration synthesis reactions 
D)  energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase, down their electrochemical gradient 
E)  No external source of energy is required because the reaction is exergonic. 
A)  energy released as electrons flow through the electron transport system 
B)  energy released from substrate-level phosphorylation 
C)  energy released from dehydration synthesis reactions 
D)  energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase, down their electrochemical gradient 
E)  No external source of energy is required because the reaction is exergonic.

Exam 7: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

In mitochondria, exergonic redox reactions

The synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, using the energy released by movement of protons across the membrane down their electrochemical gradient, is an example of

Chemiosmotic ATP synthesis (oxidative phosphorylation) occurs in

For each molecule of glucose that is metabolized by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle (see Figure 7.1), what is the total number of NADH + FADH2 molecules produced?

Which metabolic pathway is common to both cellular respiration and fermentation?

Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved?

Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ into which location in eukaryotic cells?

In prokaryotes, the respiratory electron transport chain is located

During aerobic respiration, electrons travel downhill in which sequence?

Which of the following occur(s) in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?

Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of two molecules of glucose (C6H12O6) in aerobic cellular respiration?

How does the addition of coenzyme A, a sulfur-containing molecule derived from a B vitamin, function in the subsequent reaction?

Which of the following produces the most ATP when glucose (C6H12O6) is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water?

The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to

How many carbon atoms are fed into the citric acid cycle as a result of the oxidation of one molecule of pyruvate?

If a cell is able to synthesize 30 ATP molecules for each molecule of glucose completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, approximately how many ATP molecules can the cell synthesize for each molecule of pyruvate oxidized to carbon dioxide and water?

An organism is discovered that thrives both in the presence and absence of oxygen in the air. Curiously, the consumption of sugar increases as oxygen is removed from the organism's environment, even though the organism does not gain much weight. This organism

How many oxygen molecules (O2) are required each time a molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water via aerobic respiration?

In chemiosmosis, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + ℗i to ATP?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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