Exam 18: Genomes and Their Evolution

Homeotic genes contain a homeobox sequence that is highly conserved among very diverse species. The homeobox is the code for that domain of a protein that binds to DNA in a regulatory developmental process. Which of the following would you then expect?

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes. In contrast, chimpanzees have 24 pairs of chromosomes and lack any pair resembling the long human chromosome 2 pair; instead, chimpanzees have two pairs of medium-sized chromosomes. What is the most likely explanation for these differences in the human and chimpanzee genomes?

Use Figure 18.2 to answer the next few questions. Figure 18.2 shows a diagram of blocks of genes on human chromosome 16 and the locations of blocks of similar genes on four chromosomes of the mouse. -The movement of these blocks suggests that

Homeotic genes

Which of the following can be duplicated in a genome?

Fragments of DNA have been extracted from the remnants of extinct woolly mammoths, amplified, and sequenced. These can now be used to

What characteristic of short tandem repeat DNA makes it useful for DNA fingerprinting?

A multigene family is composed of

What is proteomics?

Which of the following most correctly describes the whole-genome shotgun technique for sequencing a genome?

A microarray known as a GeneChip, with most of the human protein-coding genetic sequences, has been developed to aid in the study of human cancer by first comparing two to three subsets of cancer subtypes. What kind of information might be gleaned from this GeneChip to aid in cancer prevention?

Two eukaryotic proteins have one domain in common but are otherwise very different. Which of the following processes is most likely to have contributed to this similarity?

Unequal crossing over during prophase I can result in one sister chromosome with a deletion and another with a duplication. A mutated form of hemoglobin, so-called hemoglobin Lepore, exists in the human population. Hemoglobin Lepore has a deleted series of amino acids. If this mutated form was caused by unequal crossing over, what would be an expected consequence?

What is metagenomics?

When does exon shuffling occur?

What is bioinformatics?

Several of the different globin genes are expressed in humans, but at different times in development. What mechanism could allow for this?

Which procedure is not required when the shotgun approach to sequencing is modified as sequencing by synthesis, in which many small fragments are sequenced simultaneously?

A recent study compared the H. sapiens genome with that of Neanderthals. The results of the study indicated that there was a mixing of the two genomes at some period in evolutionary history. The data that suggested this were

One of the characteristics of retrotransposons is that