Exam 16: Motivation Theory and Practice

___ argues that work motivation is determined by individual beliefs regarding effort-performance relationships and the desirability of possible rewards and other work-related outcomes.

The most common form of ___ is a "4-40" schedule--that is, 40 hours of work accomplished in four 10-hour days.

Higher-order needs include ___ needs.

Potential disadvantages of telecommuting include freedom from the constraints of commuting and fixed hours, increased productivity, being one's own boss, and having more personal time.

People who respond most favourably to enriched jobs

McClelland believes that the need for personal power is essential to managerial leadership.

In promoting job enrichment, Frederick Herzberg says: "If you want people to do a good job, ___."

___ satisfies the self-actualization needs.

Which of the following is regarded as a lower-order need in Maslow's hierarchy?

The changing content and context of jobs and the needs and interests of a diverse workforce are creating pressure for the development of alternative work arrangements in the modern workplace.

Job enrichment utilizing the key elements of the Job Characteristics Model of Hackman and associates will not make a job vertically bigger.

Guidelines for using positive reinforcement include all of the following except

A manager nodding to express approval to a subordinate who is making a useful comment during a staff meeting is an example of ___.

Reinforcement theory considers ___ to be the most important factor that influences human behaviour.

___ are people who try to create situations of positive inequity for themselves and react very negatively to any situations of negative inequity that they experience.

According to the hierarchy of needs theory, the lower-order needs focus on desires for psychological development and growth.

Under-reward inequity occurs when an individual perceives that his or her outcomes-to-inputs ratio is greater than that of his or her referent.

___ offer advice and insight on how people actually make choices to work hard or not, based on their individual preferences, the available rewards, and possible work outcomes.

Andrew, a final year communications student, has been working for an advertising firm for a few months because the firm needed some more people to work on a project till November. This is an example of ___.

According to Albert Bandura, if a person gains confidence through positive experience, it is referred to as ___.