Exam 16: Motivation Theory and Practice

According to J. Richard Hackman, skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback from the job are five core job characteristics of an enriched job.

In Herzberg's two-factor theory, hygiene factors involve ___ and affect ___.

___ is a way of enhancing self-efficacy of a person by telling the person that she or he can, or by encouraging the person to perform a task.

The ___ states that a satisfied need is not a motivator of behaviour.

An operant conditioning strategy designed to eliminate or decrease the frequency of a behaviour by making an unpleasant consequence contingent on the occurrence of the behaviour is called negative reinforcement.

The creation of a new behaviour by the positive reinforcement of successive approximations to the desired behaviour is called ___.

Martin encourages the employees who have not been meeting the expectations of the job by ignoring minor issues when they meet his expectations. This type of strategy used to strengthen the desirable behaviour is called ___.

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, the ___ principle holds that a satisfied need is not a motivator of behaviour.

Abraham Maslow classifies physiological needs as lower-order needs in his human needs theory.

To use punishment effectively, managers should tell the individual what is being done wrong but not what is being done right.

The potential disadvantages of job simplification are tardiness and absenteeism, boredom with tasks, alienation from work, and poor performance.

Enriching jobs through vertical loading can be accomplished by ensuring that people understand their performance accountability and by providing them with performance feedback.

___ is the control of behaviour by manipulating its consequences.

Which of the following statements about participation in goal setting is/are accurate?

Perceived inequity occurs whenever a person feels that the rewards received for his/her work efforts are unfair given the rewards others appear to be getting for their work efforts.

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, a satisfier factor is found in the job itself, and includes a sense of achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement, or personal growth.

___ occur(s) whenever people feel that the rewards they receive for their work contributions are unfair in comparison to the rewards received by someone else.

A manager can ___ an employee by denying the person a valued reward, such as verbal praise or pay.

According to McClelland, people with a high need for power

___ strengthens behaviour by making the avoidance of an undesirable consequence contingent on its occurrence.