Exam 21: A: Operant Conditioning

Coffee shops that reward customers with a free cup of coffee after every 10 coffee purchases are using a ________ reinforcement schedule.

A variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a(n)

A young child who is spanked after running into the street learns not to repeat this behavior. In this case, the spanking is a

Positive punishment ________ the rate of operant responding, and negative punishment ________ the rate of operant responding.

Jacinda has a glass of wine after work because it relieves her anxiety. Her wine drinking is likely to continue because it is followed by a ________ reinforcer.

Although 5-year-old Katelyn is not really thirsty, she frequently begins whining for a glass of water about 10 minutes after being put to bed. Her parents would be best advised to

Children can learn to fear the persons and places associated with their punishment. This best illustrates

The more often Matthew is scolded following a temper tantrum, the more frequently he loses his temper. In this case, the scolding serves as a ________ for Matthew's temper tantrums.

A partial reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after a specified number of responses is called a ________ schedule.

Golf instruction that reinforces short putts before attempting to reinforce long putts best illustrates the process of

The process of reinforcing successively closer approximations to a desired behavior is called

To modify your own behavior using operant conditioning principles, you should

To teach an animal to perform a complex sequence of behaviors, animal trainers are most likely to use a procedure known as

Julio's mother has been giving him gold stars for keeping his bed dry all night. After about a week, Julio discontinued his habit of bed-wetting. His change in behavior best illustrates the value of

A choppy stop-start pattern of operant responding is associated with the ________ schedule of reinforcement.

A partial reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response that occurs after a specified time has elapsed is a ________ schedule.

Respondent behavior is a(n) ________ response, whereas operant behavior is a(n) ________ response.

Punishment is a potentially hazardous way for teachers to control young children's behaviors because

Innately satisfying stimuli that fulfill biological needs are called ________ reinforcers.

Learning associations between one's own personal actions and resulting events is most relevant to the process of