Exam 20: Basic Learning Concepts and Classical Conditioning

Your heart may race when you are confronted by a lion but not when you are approached by a kitten. This best illustrates the adaptive value of

After learning to fear a white rat, Little Albert responded with fear to the sight of a rabbit. This best illustrates the process of

A child's learned fear at the sight of a hypodermic needle is a(n)

Pets who learn that the sound of an electric can opener signals the arrival of their food illustrate

The ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus is called

Makayla developed an intense fear of flying five years ago when she was in a plane crash. The fact that today she can again fly without distress indicates that her fear has undergone

John B. Watson would have expressed the greatest disapproval of attempts to scientifically study whether

John B. Watson considered himself to be a(n)

Jacqueline is sexually aroused by the sight of her handsome boyfriend but not by the sight of her equally handsome brother. This best illustrates the value of

Extinction occurs when a ________ is no longer paired with a ________.

Pavlov noticed that dogs began salivating at the mere sight of the person who regularly brought food to them. For the dogs, the sight of this person was a(n)

Which of the following is an unconditioned response?

Jordan is frightened by the sound of a train whistle. The sound is a(n)

Long after her conditioned fear of dogs had been extinguished, Marcy experienced an unexpected surge of nervousness when first shown her cousin's new cocker spaniel. Her unexpected nervousness best illustrates

The first experimental studies of associative learning were conducted by

Monica's psychotherapist reminds her so much of her own father that she has many of the same mixed emotional reactions to him that she has to her own dad. Her reactions to her therapist best illustrate the importance of

The occurrence of spontaneous recovery suggests that during extinction

(a) How would you classically condition an adventuresome 2-year-old to be more fearful of running across a busy street near her house? (b) How would you classically condition a preschool child who is afraid of dogs to enjoy playing with a neighbor's friendly dog? Be sure to identify the US, NS, CS, UR, and CR in both answers.

The reappearance, after a time lapse, of an extinguished CR is called

To assess whether Mrs. Webster had suffered from a brain injury, researchers conditioned her to blink in response to a sound that signaled the delivery of a puff of air directed toward her face. In this application of classical conditioning, the sound was a