Question 1

Select the incorrectly-matched osmoregulatory organ and the organism that uses it.

Accepted Answer

A) nephridia-annelids 
B) protonephridia-flatworms 
C) Malpighian tubules-insects 
D) kidney-fish 
E) antennal glands-mollusks 
A) nephridia-annelids 
B) protonephridia-flatworms 
C) Malpighian tubules-insects 
D) kidney-fish 
E) antennal glands-mollusks

Question 2

Water and small solutes are filtered under pressure out of the blood plasma into nephrons through the porous walls of ________,tufts of capillaries in the renal cortex.

Accepted Answer

A) vasa rectae 
B) Loops of Henle 
C) glomeruli 
D) collecting ducts 
E) juxtaglomerular apparati 
A) vasa rectae 
B) Loops of Henle 
C) glomeruli 
D) collecting ducts 
E) juxtaglomerular apparati

Question 3

Kidneys are thought to have evolved first among the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) amphibians 
B) freshwater bony fishes 
C) saltwater bony fishes 
D) reptiles 
E) mammals 
A) amphibians 
B) freshwater bony fishes 
C) saltwater bony fishes 
D) reptiles 
E) mammals

Question 4

What animal cannot make hypertonic urine?

Accepted Answer

A) blue jay 
B) dog 
C) human 
D) grasshopper 
E) American toad 
A) blue jay 
B) dog 
C) human 
D) grasshopper 
E) American toad

Question 5

Which solute must be administered in high amounts because of its very efficient secretion and removal by the kidney tubules?

Accepted Answer

A) penicillin 
B) HCO3- ions 
C) amino acids 
D) glucose 
E) vitamin K 
A) penicillin 
B) HCO3- ions 
C) amino acids 
D) glucose 
E) vitamin K

Question 6

Connor decides to celebrate his 21st birthday by drinking a few beers at a local sports bar.After a while,Connor notices that he is making many more trips to the men's room than the week before,when he drank similar amounts of carbonated water.Why is that?

Accepted Answer

A) Alcohol stimulates filtration of the blood plasma by the glomeruli. 
B) Alcohol stimulates secretion of ions into the nephron and water follows by osmosis. 
C) Alcohol inhibits reabsorption of sugars,amino acids and other small metabolites,which decreases reabsorption of water. 
D) Alcohol inhibits the secretion of ADH by the posterior pituitary gland,thereby decreasing water reabsorption. 
E) Alcohol stimulates the insertion of aquaporins into the plasma membranes of cells that line the collecting ducts,thereby decreasing water reabsorption. 
A) Alcohol stimulates filtration of the blood plasma by the glomeruli. 
B) Alcohol stimulates secretion of ions into the nephron and water follows by osmosis. 
C) Alcohol inhibits reabsorption of sugars,amino acids and other small metabolites,which decreases reabsorption of water. 
D) Alcohol inhibits the secretion of ADH by the posterior pituitary gland,thereby decreasing water reabsorption. 
E) Alcohol stimulates the insertion of aquaporins into the plasma membranes of cells that line the collecting ducts,thereby decreasing water reabsorption.

Exam 49: Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

Select the incorrectly-matched osmoregulatory organ and the organism that uses it.

Water and small solutes are filtered under pressure out of the blood plasma into nephrons through the porous walls of ________,tufts of capillaries in the renal cortex.

Kidneys are thought to have evolved first among the ________.

What animal cannot make hypertonic urine?

Which solute must be administered in high amounts because of its very efficient secretion and removal by the kidney tubules?

Connor decides to celebrate his 21st birthday by drinking a few beers at a local sports bar.After a while,Connor notices that he is making many more trips to the men's room than the week before,when he drank similar amounts of carbonated water.Why is that?

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes, mapping, and the Meiosisinheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics,phylogenies,and Comparative Biology

Genome Evolution

The Origin and Diversity of Life

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Diversity and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostomes

Deuterostomes

Plant Form

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Ecology of Individuals and Populations

Community Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere and Human Impacts

Conservation Biology

Filters