Question 1

Punctuated equilibrium proposed by Eldredge and Gould in 1972 is an evolutionary process that involves

Accepted Answer

A) gradual change observable in the fossil record with very little,if any,stasis. 
B) "spurts" of change observable in the fossil record followed by periods of stasis. 
C) gradual change observable in the fossil record followed by periods of stasis. 
D) "spurts" of change observable in the fossil record with very little if any stasis. 
E) gradual change observable in the fossil record followed by periods of no change at all. 
A) gradual change observable in the fossil record with very little,if any,stasis. 
B) "spurts" of change observable in the fossil record followed by periods of stasis. 
C) gradual change observable in the fossil record followed by periods of stasis. 
D) "spurts" of change observable in the fossil record with very little if any stasis. 
E) gradual change observable in the fossil record followed by periods of no change at all.

Question 2

Courtship for Anolis lizards involves the male displaying a dewlap (skin under the throat area)that varies in appearance based upon the species.Lizards that are found in darker,more shaded environments will have dewlaps that are lighter in color because they are more noticeable by potential mates.Which of the following mechanisms best explains how speciation is at work in this example?

Accepted Answer

A) Postzygotic isolation 
B) Reinforcement 
C) Genetic drift 
D) Natural selection 
A) Postzygotic isolation 
B) Reinforcement 
C) Genetic drift 
D) Natural selection

Question 3

NASA Scientists send a small population of dogs to a new planet in order to test if it will be hospitable for human colonization.Through a random lottery,only Great Dane and St.Bernard dog breeds are sent,and the resulting population consists of tall,longhaired dogs.After 100 years these dogs return to Earth and are no longer able to mate with Earth dogs.This scenario is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) allopatric speciation through genetic drift. 
B) allopatric speciation through natural selection. 
C) sympatric speciation through genetic drift. 
D) sympatric speciation through natural selection. 
A) allopatric speciation through genetic drift. 
B) allopatric speciation through natural selection. 
C) sympatric speciation through genetic drift. 
D) sympatric speciation through natural selection.

Question 4

The biological species concept of Ernst Mayr cannot be applied to

Accepted Answer

A) sympatric organisms. 
B) allopatric organisms. 
C) eukaryotic organisms. 
D) prokaryotic organisms. 
E) asexually-reproducing organisms. 
A) sympatric organisms. 
B) allopatric organisms. 
C) eukaryotic organisms. 
D) prokaryotic organisms. 
E) asexually-reproducing organisms.

Question 5

Scientists found that different beak shapes correlate with different mating songs in Darwin's finches.Which hypothesis does this support?

Accepted Answer

A) Darwin's finches are not different species according to the Biological Species Concept. 
B) Adaptation to different food sources led to behavioral isolation in Darwin's finches. 
C) Mating songs are primarily determined by the acoustics of different beaks. 
D) Adaptation to different food sources likely occurred after reproductive isolation in Darwin's finches. 
A) Darwin's finches are not different species according to the Biological Species Concept. 
B) Adaptation to different food sources led to behavioral isolation in Darwin's finches. 
C) Mating songs are primarily determined by the acoustics of different beaks. 
D) Adaptation to different food sources likely occurred after reproductive isolation in Darwin's finches.

Question 6

Select the phrases that apply to the sixth mass extinction.

Accepted Answer

A) human influenced 
B) asteroid 
C) Cretaceous period 
D) slow rebound of biodiversity 
A) human influenced 
B) asteroid 
C) Cretaceous period 
D) slow rebound of biodiversity

Question 7

Diversification of mammals after the extinction of the dinosaurs is considered an adaptive radiation because a few mammal species rapidly evolved into most of the current mammalian lineages in a relatively short amount of time.This diversification was partially driven by the evolution of endothermic homeostasis in mammals,which is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) allopatric speciation. 
B) reproductive isolation. 
C) a key innovation. 
D) hybridization. 
A) allopatric speciation. 
B) reproductive isolation. 
C) a key innovation. 
D) hybridization.

Question 8

Choose the factors contributing to adaptive radiation of Drosophila in the Hawaiian Islands.Check all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) New islands are constantly being formed. 
B) There are high rates of mutation due to radioactive materials in the lava flows. 
C) The islands are highly volcanic. 
D) Drosophila species have no predators on the Hawaiian Islands. 
A) New islands are constantly being formed. 
B) There are high rates of mutation due to radioactive materials in the lava flows. 
C) The islands are highly volcanic. 
D) Drosophila species have no predators on the Hawaiian Islands.

Question 9

Imagine two species of birds with similar beak sizes and diets.Where the two species are allopatric,we would expect that their beak sizes

Accepted Answer

A) should be more different than when sympatric. 
B) should be more similar than when sympatric. 
C) should be larger than when sympatric. 
D) should be smaller than when sympatric. 
A) should be more different than when sympatric. 
B) should be more similar than when sympatric. 
C) should be larger than when sympatric. 
D) should be smaller than when sympatric.

Question 10

Choose the best cause and effect sequence for the process of speciation by natural selection.

Accepted Answer

A) Variation --> Selection --> Reproductive Isolation --> Mutation --> Speciation 
B) Mutation --> Variation --> Selection --> Reproductive Isolation --> Speciation 
C) Speciation --> Reproductive Isolation --> Selection --> Mutation --> Variation 
D) Variation --> Reproductive Isolation --> Speciation --> Mutation --> Selection 
E) Selection --> Speciation --> Reproductive Isolation --> Variation --> Mutation 
A) Variation --> Selection --> Reproductive Isolation --> Mutation --> Speciation 
B) Mutation --> Variation --> Selection --> Reproductive Isolation --> Speciation 
C) Speciation --> Reproductive Isolation --> Selection --> Mutation --> Variation 
D) Variation --> Reproductive Isolation --> Speciation --> Mutation --> Selection 
E) Selection --> Speciation --> Reproductive Isolation --> Variation --> Mutation

Question 11

A virgin pine forest covers a valley,and one of the inhabitants is a red squirrel species.A large volcanic eruption occurs and separates the valley with a huge lava flow,thus producing two populations of squirrels.What must occur for the two populations of squirrels to be considered separate species?

Accepted Answer

A) The two squirrel populations must feed on different species of plants. 
B) The environment must change so that the populations exist in distinct habitats. 
C) The fur color or other morphological characteristic of the two squirrel populations must become distinct. 
D) The two squirrel populations must select mates using different behaviors. 
E) The two squirrel populations must be reproductively isolated. 
A) The two squirrel populations must feed on different species of plants. 
B) The environment must change so that the populations exist in distinct habitats. 
C) The fur color or other morphological characteristic of the two squirrel populations must become distinct. 
D) The two squirrel populations must select mates using different behaviors. 
E) The two squirrel populations must be reproductively isolated.

Question 12

Two hundred years ago,the fly species Rhagoletis pomonella only laid its eggs on fruit of the hawthorn tree.Today,different "host races" of R.pomonella lay their eggs on hawthorns OR apples.Apples occur within the range of hawthorns,so divergence between apple flies and hawthorn flies could be the first step in sympatric speciation.Choose the evidence that would suggest that R.pomonella is currently undergoing sympatric speciation.Check all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Apple flies typically mate with apple flies,and hawthorn flies typically mate with hawthorn flies. 
B) Apple flies and hawthorn flies emerge from their hosts at different times of the year. 
C) Apple flies and hawthorn flies are able to form fertile hybrids. 
D) Apple flies and hawthorn flies are physically indistinguishable from each other. 
A) Apple flies typically mate with apple flies,and hawthorn flies typically mate with hawthorn flies. 
B) Apple flies and hawthorn flies emerge from their hosts at different times of the year. 
C) Apple flies and hawthorn flies are able to form fertile hybrids. 
D) Apple flies and hawthorn flies are physically indistinguishable from each other.

Question 13

Check all that apply: Members of the same biological species can

Accepted Answer

A) have several isolated gene pools. 
B) differ from other species in one or more characteristics. 
C) generate fertile offspring with the members of a different species. 
D) interbreed freely with each other. 
A) have several isolated gene pools. 
B) differ from other species in one or more characteristics. 
C) generate fertile offspring with the members of a different species. 
D) interbreed freely with each other.

Question 14

If populations within the same area split into species,the process is known as

Accepted Answer

A) sympatric speciation. 
B) allopatric speciation. 
C) racial speciation. 
D) ecotypical speciation. 
E) reproductive speciation. 
A) sympatric speciation. 
B) allopatric speciation. 
C) racial speciation. 
D) ecotypical speciation. 
E) reproductive speciation.

Question 15

Select the following statements that are related to mass extinctions.

Accepted Answer

A) A mass extinction occurs when extinctions sharply outpace the formation of new species. 
B) Periods of mass extinctions have occurred five times over the history of life on Earth. 
C) The most severe mass extinction occurred at the end of the Cretaceous period. 
D) The current level of species diversity is so high it is highly unlikely that another mass extinction could occur. 
E) During periods of mass extinction,dominant groups of organisms are protected and survive to repopulate. 
A) A mass extinction occurs when extinctions sharply outpace the formation of new species. 
B) Periods of mass extinctions have occurred five times over the history of life on Earth. 
C) The most severe mass extinction occurred at the end of the Cretaceous period. 
D) The current level of species diversity is so high it is highly unlikely that another mass extinction could occur. 
E) During periods of mass extinction,dominant groups of organisms are protected and survive to repopulate.

Question 16

According to the biological species concept,two groups of organisms that are unable to form fertile,viable hybrids are considered to be different

Accepted Answer

A) races. 
B) species. 
C) kingdoms. 
D) hybrids. 
E) cohabitants. 
A) races. 
B) species. 
C) kingdoms. 
D) hybrids. 
E) cohabitants.

Question 17

Once species have formed,they keep their identity by

Accepted Answer

A) developmental differences. 
B) genetic blocks. 
C) isolating mechanisms. 
D) somatic mutations. 
E) structural modifications. 
A) developmental differences. 
B) genetic blocks. 
C) isolating mechanisms. 
D) somatic mutations. 
E) structural modifications.

Question 18

Choose the true statements about the diversity of Darwin's finches on the Galápagos Islands.Check all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) All of the finch species share a common ancestor that colonized the islands. 
B) Prior to the adaptive radiation of finches,there were no unoccupied habitats in the Galápagos Islands. 
C) Competition among finches for food sources led to character displacement of beak shapes. 
D) Beak shape is not an important key innovation. 
A) All of the finch species share a common ancestor that colonized the islands. 
B) Prior to the adaptive radiation of finches,there were no unoccupied habitats in the Galápagos Islands. 
C) Competition among finches for food sources led to character displacement of beak shapes. 
D) Beak shape is not an important key innovation.

Question 19

In the southeastern U.S.,two species of wild lettuce (Lactuca)do not usually form hybrids,because they bloom at different seasons.The means of isolation appears to be

Accepted Answer

A) postzygotic and behavioral. 
B) prezygotic and temporal. 
C) prezygotic and geographical. 
D) prezygotic and mechanical. 
E) postzygotic and ecological. 
A) postzygotic and behavioral. 
B) prezygotic and temporal. 
C) prezygotic and geographical. 
D) prezygotic and mechanical. 
E) postzygotic and ecological.

Question 20

Two populations that inhabit the same area but remain genetically distinct can best be called

Accepted Answer

A) species. 
B) subspecies (races). 
C) polymorphic. 
D) allopatric species. 
E) sympatric species. 
A) species. 
B) subspecies (races). 
C) polymorphic. 
D) allopatric species. 
E) sympatric species.

Exam 22: The Origin of Species

Punctuated equilibrium proposed by Eldredge and Gould in 1972 is an evolutionary process that involves

The biological species concept of Ernst Mayr cannot be applied to

Scientists found that different beak shapes correlate with different mating songs in Darwin's finches.Which hypothesis does this support?

Select the phrases that apply to the sixth mass extinction.

Choose the factors contributing to adaptive radiation of Drosophila in the Hawaiian Islands.Check all that apply.

Imagine two species of birds with similar beak sizes and diets.Where the two species are allopatric,we would expect that their beak sizes

Choose the best cause and effect sequence for the process of speciation by natural selection.

Check all that apply: Members of the same biological species can

If populations within the same area split into species,the process is known as

Select the following statements that are related to mass extinctions.

According to the biological species concept,two groups of organisms that are unable to form fertile,viable hybrids are considered to be different

Once species have formed,they keep their identity by

Choose the true statements about the diversity of Darwin's finches on the Galápagos Islands.Check all that apply.

In the southeastern U.S.,two species of wild lettuce (Lactuca)do not usually form hybrids,because they bloom at different seasons.The means of isolation appears to be

Two populations that inhabit the same area but remain genetically distinct can best be called

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