Question 1

Atoms containing a specific number of protons are called:

Accepted Answer

A) minerals 
B) elements 
C) metals 
D) molecules 
A) minerals 
B) elements 
C) metals 
D) molecules

Question 2

Mendeleev found that when he arranged the known elements according to their atomic mass,the entries in the table exhibited a pattern of chemical properties that repeated itself in groups of eight elements.This led to the generalization now known as:

Accepted Answer

A) an atomic model. 
B) valance electrons. 
C) the periodic table. 
D) the octet rule. 
A) an atomic model. 
B) valance electrons. 
C) the periodic table. 
D) the octet rule.

Question 3

Water is most dense and thus heaviest at 4°C.At 0°C,ice forms and can float on liquid water.Suppose ice were most dense at 0°C.What would happen in a lake at this temperature?

Accepted Answer

A) The ice would cover the surface of the aquatic system and would never melt. 
B) The ice would cover the bottom of the aquatic system and would build up in layers over time. 
C) Ice would not form because solids are always less dense than liquids. 
D) The cold temperatures and the subsequent ice formation would prevent hydrogen bonds from forming between the water molecules,thus causing the existing ice crystals to become disassociated from each other. 
A) The ice would cover the surface of the aquatic system and would never melt. 
B) The ice would cover the bottom of the aquatic system and would build up in layers over time. 
C) Ice would not form because solids are always less dense than liquids. 
D) The cold temperatures and the subsequent ice formation would prevent hydrogen bonds from forming between the water molecules,thus causing the existing ice crystals to become disassociated from each other.

Question 4

The number of protons in a given atom is equal to its:

Accepted Answer

A) atomic number 
B) mass 
C) neutron number 
D) molecular number 
A) atomic number 
B) mass 
C) neutron number 
D) molecular number

Question 5

Water molecules are attracted to each other due to the opposite charges created by partial charge separations within the molecules.These attractions are called:

Accepted Answer

A) peptide bonds. 
B) covalent bonds. 
C) ionic bonds. 
D) hydrogen bonds. 
E) double bonds. 
A) peptide bonds. 
B) covalent bonds. 
C) ionic bonds. 
D) hydrogen bonds. 
E) double bonds.

Question 6

The half-life of Carbon-14 is approximately 5,700 years.Using this information scientists have been able to determine the age of some artifacts left by humans.A scientist wants to know approximately how old a piece of wood was that she found on the floor in an old cave that had recently been discovered.She removed the wood (with permission)to her laboratory.Her wood sample contained 2 grams of Carbon-14.If the age of the wood was determined to be 22,800 years old,how much Carbon-14 originally existed in this piece of wood?

Accepted Answer

A) 32 grams 
B) 16 grams 
C) 12 grams 
D) 8 grams 
E) 4 grams 
A) 32 grams 
B) 16 grams 
C) 12 grams 
D) 8 grams 
E) 4 grams

Question 7

One mole of a substance contains 6.02 x 1023 molecules.The atomic number of Li is 3 and the atomic mass is approximately 7.If you have three moles of Li,how many grams does it weigh?

Accepted Answer

A) 9 
B) 21 
C) 7 x 6.02 x 1023 
D) 3 x 6.02 x 1023 
A) 9 
B) 21 
C) 7 x 6.02 x 1023 
D) 3 x 6.02 x 1023

Question 8

The carbonic acid and bicarbonate buffer in blood is extremely important to help maintain homeostasis.What would happen to the pH of the blood if bicarbonate were removed?

Accepted Answer

A) Removing bicarbonate from the blood would increase the pH 
B) Removing bicarbonate from the blood would decrease the pH 
C) Removing bicarbonate from the blood would not affect the pH 
A) Removing bicarbonate from the blood would increase the pH 
B) Removing bicarbonate from the blood would decrease the pH 
C) Removing bicarbonate from the blood would not affect the pH

Question 9

The common basilisk lizard will run across water on its hind legs in an erect position when startled by predators.This lizard has large feet and flaps of skin along its toes.What properties of water allow this lizard to walk on water?

Accepted Answer

A) Hydrogen bonds absorb heat when they break and release heat when they form.This helps to minimize temperature changes. 
B) The surface tension created by hydrogen bonds is greater than the weight of the lizard initially. 
C) Polar molecules are attracted to ions and polar compounds,making these compounds soluble. 
D) Hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together; many hydrogen bonds must be broken for water to evaporate. 
A) Hydrogen bonds absorb heat when they break and release heat when they form.This helps to minimize temperature changes. 
B) The surface tension created by hydrogen bonds is greater than the weight of the lizard initially. 
C) Polar molecules are attracted to ions and polar compounds,making these compounds soluble. 
D) Hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together; many hydrogen bonds must be broken for water to evaporate.

Question 10

The negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in the solution is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) pH 
B) atomic mass 
C) -OH concentration 
D) electronegativity 
E) specific heat 
A) pH 
B) atomic mass 
C) -OH concentration 
D) electronegativity 
E) specific heat

Question 11

Sodium has 11 electrons arranged in three energy levels.In order to become stable,sodium forms an ion with:

Accepted Answer

A) no charge. 
B) -1 charge. 
C) -8 charge. 
D) +1 charge. 
E) +8 charge. 
A) no charge. 
B) -1 charge. 
C) -8 charge. 
D) +1 charge. 
E) +8 charge.

Question 12

Your dog becomes ill and you rush him to the veterinarian's office.A technician draws blood from your dog's leg for a vet-ordered lab test.After a few minutes the lab results are given to the vet,who immediately grabs a bottle from a shelf and begins to fill a syringe with an unknown fluid.You inquire about the fluid,and the vet informs you that the fluid is necessary to manage your dog's metabolic acidosis.Based on the information provided,what is acidosis,and what is the likely effect of the veterinarian's injection?

Accepted Answer

A) Acidosis means that your dog's blood pH has dropped from its normal level,and an injection of saline is required to reverse the condition. 
B) Acidosis means that your dog's blood pH has increased from its normal level,and an injection of saline is required to reverse the condition. 
C) Acidosis means that your dog's blood pH has decreased from its normal level,and an injection of buffering solution is required to reverse the condition. 
D) Acidosis means that your dog's blood pH has increased from its normal level,and an injection of buffering solution is required to reverse the condition. 
A) Acidosis means that your dog's blood pH has dropped from its normal level,and an injection of saline is required to reverse the condition. 
B) Acidosis means that your dog's blood pH has increased from its normal level,and an injection of saline is required to reverse the condition. 
C) Acidosis means that your dog's blood pH has decreased from its normal level,and an injection of buffering solution is required to reverse the condition. 
D) Acidosis means that your dog's blood pH has increased from its normal level,and an injection of buffering solution is required to reverse the condition.

Question 13

According to most car mechanics,plain water is the best coolant to use in an engine provided the engine is not being exposed to freezing temperatures.If the car is subject to freezing temperatures then a mixture of water and ethylene glycol (antifreeze)is recommended but it does not cool as efficiently as plain water.Why would ethylene glycol reduce the cooling efficiency of water?

Accepted Answer

A) Ethylene glycol has a lower heat capacity than water. 
B) Ethylene glycol has a higher heat capacity than water. 
C) Hydrogen bonds in water allow high levels of heat absorption and a large increase in temperature. 
D) Ethylene glycol raises the freezing point of water. 
A) Ethylene glycol has a lower heat capacity than water. 
B) Ethylene glycol has a higher heat capacity than water. 
C) Hydrogen bonds in water allow high levels of heat absorption and a large increase in temperature. 
D) Ethylene glycol raises the freezing point of water.

Question 14

When water ionizes,it produces equal amounts of hydrogen and hydroxide ions that can reassociate with each other.The pH of water is:

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 5 
D) 6 
E) 7 
A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 5 
D) 6 
E) 7

Question 15

After taking your biology exam,you return to your car only to find that you had left the lights on and now the car battery is dead.Your friend offers to jump-start your car,but when you go to hook up the jumper cables you find that the battery terminals are covered with corrosion due to battery acid condensation.Based off your knowledge,what substance could be used to clean the corrosion?

Accepted Answer

A) coffee (pH of 5) 
B) water (pH of 7) 
C) vinegar (pH of 3) 
D) baking soda (pH of 9) 
A) coffee (pH of 5) 
B) water (pH of 7) 
C) vinegar (pH of 3) 
D) baking soda (pH of 9)

Question 16

Proteins are three dimensional molecules made of strands of amino acids (imagine a ball of string).There are 20 different amino acids used in proteins found in living organisms.Some of these amino acids are polar and others are nonpolar.Where would a series of nonpolar amino acids most likely be located in a protein that is found in the cytosol of an animal cell?

Accepted Answer

A) On the surface of the protein 
B) In the interior of the protein 
C) At the very top of the protein 
D) At the very bottom of the protein 
A) On the surface of the protein 
B) In the interior of the protein 
C) At the very top of the protein 
D) At the very bottom of the protein

Exam 2: The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

Atoms containing a specific number of protons are called:

Mendeleev found that when he arranged the known elements according to their atomic mass,the entries in the table exhibited a pattern of chemical properties that repeated itself in groups of eight elements.This led to the generalization now known as:

Water is most dense and thus heaviest at 4°C.At 0°C,ice forms and can float on liquid water.Suppose ice were most dense at 0°C.What would happen in a lake at this temperature?

The number of protons in a given atom is equal to its:

Water molecules are attracted to each other due to the opposite charges created by partial charge separations within the molecules.These attractions are called:

One mole of a substance contains 6.02 x 1023 molecules.The atomic number of Li is 3 and the atomic mass is approximately 7.If you have three moles of Li,how many grams does it weigh?

The carbonic acid and bicarbonate buffer in blood is extremely important to help maintain homeostasis.What would happen to the pH of the blood if bicarbonate were removed?

The common basilisk lizard will run across water on its hind legs in an erect position when startled by predators.This lizard has large feet and flaps of skin along its toes.What properties of water allow this lizard to walk on water?

The negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in the solution is referred to as:

Sodium has 11 electrons arranged in three energy levels.In order to become stable,sodium forms an ion with:

When water ionizes,it produces equal amounts of hydrogen and hydroxide ions that can reassociate with each other.The pH of water is:

The Science of Biology

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes, mapping, and the Meiosisinheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics,phylogenies,and Comparative Biology

Genome Evolution

The Origin and Diversity of Life

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Diversity and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostomes

Deuterostomes

Plant Form

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Ecology of Individuals and Populations

Community Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere and Human Impacts

Conservation Biology

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Water is most dense and thus heaviest at 4°C.At 0°C,ice forms and can float on liquid water.Suppose ice were most dense at 0^°C.What would happen in a lake at this temperature?

One mole of a substance contains 6.02 x 10²³ molecules.The atomic number of Li is 3 and the atomic mass is approximately 7.If you have three moles of Li,how many grams does it weigh?