Question 1

Circulatory systems compensate for

Accepted Answer

A) temperature differences between the lungs and the active tissue. 
B) the slow rate at which diffusion occurs over large distances. 
C) the problem of communication between the nervous system and respiratory system. 
D) the need fetal organisms have for maintaining an optimal body temperature. 
A) temperature differences between the lungs and the active tissue. 
B) the slow rate at which diffusion occurs over large distances. 
C) the problem of communication between the nervous system and respiratory system. 
D) the need fetal organisms have for maintaining an optimal body temperature.

Question 2

A patient with a blood pressure of 120/75,a pulse rate of 40 beats/minute,a stroke volume of 70 mL/beat,and a respiratory rate of 25 breaths/minute will have a cardiac output of

Accepted Answer

A) 500 mL/minute. 
B) 1,000 mL/minute. 
C) 1,750 mL/minute. 
D) 2,800 mL/minute. 
E) 4,800 mL/minute. 
A) 500 mL/minute. 
B) 1,000 mL/minute. 
C) 1,750 mL/minute. 
D) 2,800 mL/minute. 
E) 4,800 mL/minute.

Question 3

In which of the following animals would you expect to find high concentrations of myoglobin?

Accepted Answer

A) lizard 
B) frog 
C) lion 
D) seal 
A) lizard 
B) frog 
C) lion 
D) seal

Question 4

At what point in the following figure would blood pressure be highest?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 5

Countercurrent exchange is evident in

Accepted Answer

A) the flow of water across the gills of a fish and that of blood within those gills. 
B) the flow of blood in the dorsal vessel of an insect and that of air within its tracheae. 
C) the flow of air within the primary bronchi of a human and that of blood within the pulmonary veins. 
D) the flow of water across the skin of a frog and that of blood within the ventricle of its heart. 
E) the flow of fluid out of the arterial end of a capillary and that of fluid back into the venous end of the same capillary. 
A) the flow of water across the gills of a fish and that of blood within those gills. 
B) the flow of blood in the dorsal vessel of an insect and that of air within its tracheae. 
C) the flow of air within the primary bronchi of a human and that of blood within the pulmonary veins. 
D) the flow of water across the skin of a frog and that of blood within the ventricle of its heart. 
E) the flow of fluid out of the arterial end of a capillary and that of fluid back into the venous end of the same capillary.

Question 6

In mammals,most gas exchange between the atmosphere and the pulmonary blood occurs in the

Accepted Answer

A) trachea. 
B) larynx. 
C) bronchi. 
D) bronchioles. 
E) alveoli. 
A) trachea. 
B) larynx. 
C) bronchi. 
D) bronchioles. 
E) alveoli.

Question 7

Dissolved proteins in human plasma include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) fibrinogen only 
B) hemoglobin only 
C) fibrinogen and immunoglobulin only 
D) hemoglobin and immunoglobulin only 
E) fibrinogen,hemoglobin,and immunoglobulin 
A) fibrinogen only 
B) hemoglobin only 
C) fibrinogen and immunoglobulin only 
D) hemoglobin and immunoglobulin only 
E) fibrinogen,hemoglobin,and immunoglobulin

Question 8

An oil-water mixture works as an insecticidal spray against mosquitoes and other insects because it

Accepted Answer

A) coats their lungs. 
B) blocks the openings into the tracheal system. 
C) interferes with gas exchange across the capillaries. 
D) clogs their bronchi. 
A) coats their lungs. 
B) blocks the openings into the tracheal system. 
C) interferes with gas exchange across the capillaries. 
D) clogs their bronchi.

Question 9

Small swollen areas in the neck,groin,and axillary region are associated with

Accepted Answer

A) increased activity of the immune system. 
B) blood sugar that is abnormally high. 
C) dehydration. 
D) sodium depletion. 
A) increased activity of the immune system. 
B) blood sugar that is abnormally high. 
C) dehydration. 
D) sodium depletion.

Question 10

Kevin is sitting quietly at home reading his biology textbook.His stroke volume is 70 mL per beat,and his resting heart rate is 60 beats per minute.What is Kevin's cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

A) 4.2 L/minute 
B) 4.2 mL/minute 
C) 0.42 L/minute 
D) 42 L/minute 
E) 420 L/minute 
A) 4.2 L/minute 
B) 4.2 mL/minute 
C) 0.42 L/minute 
D) 42 L/minute 
E) 420 L/minute

Question 11

An increased concentration of nitric oxide within a vascular bed is associated with

Accepted Answer

A) vasoconstriction. 
B) vasodilation. 
C) a reduction in blood flow in that region. 
D) a decreased amount of blood in the capillaries of that vascular bed. 
A) vasoconstriction. 
B) vasodilation. 
C) a reduction in blood flow in that region. 
D) a decreased amount of blood in the capillaries of that vascular bed.

Question 12

The sun shining on a tidal pool during a hot day heats the water.As some water evaporates,the pool becomes saltier,causing

Accepted Answer

A) a decrease in its carbon dioxide content. 
B) a decrease in its oxygen content. 
C) an increase in its ability to sustain aerobic organisms. 
D) a decrease in the water's density. 
E) a decrease in the movement of the water molecules. 
A) a decrease in its carbon dioxide content. 
B) a decrease in its oxygen content. 
C) an increase in its ability to sustain aerobic organisms. 
D) a decrease in the water's density. 
E) a decrease in the movement of the water molecules.

Question 13

Organisms with a circulating bodily fluid that is distinct from the fluid that directly surrounds the body's cells are likely to have

Accepted Answer

A) an open circulatory system. 
B) a closed circulatory system. 
A) an open circulatory system. 
B) a closed circulatory system.

Question 14

In order to fly over Mount Everest,bar-headed geese must fly higher and increase their altitude.What will happen in bar-headed geese as they increase their altitude?

Accepted Answer

A) More oxygen molecules will bind to hemoglobin. 
B) Fewer oxygen molecules will bind to hemoglobin. 
C) Carbon dioxide molecules will bind to hemoglobin instead of oxygen. 
D) The number of oxygen molecules bound to hemoglobin will not change. 
A) More oxygen molecules will bind to hemoglobin. 
B) Fewer oxygen molecules will bind to hemoglobin. 
C) Carbon dioxide molecules will bind to hemoglobin instead of oxygen. 
D) The number of oxygen molecules bound to hemoglobin will not change.

Question 15

At an atmospheric pressure of 870 mm Hg of 21% oxygen,the partial pressure of oxygen is

Accepted Answer

A) 100 mm Hg. 
B) 127 mm Hg. 
C) 15 mm Hg. 
D) 182 mm Hg. 
E) 219 mm Hg. 
A) 100 mm Hg. 
B) 127 mm Hg. 
C) 15 mm Hg. 
D) 182 mm Hg. 
E) 219 mm Hg.

Question 16

Blood returning to the mammalian heart in a pulmonary vein drains first into the

Accepted Answer

A) left atrium. 
B) right atrium. 
C) left ventricle. 
D) right ventricle. 
A) left atrium. 
B) right atrium. 
C) left ventricle. 
D) right ventricle.

Question 17

What statement about the data in the graph is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Bar-headed geese hemoglobin can bind more oxygen at higher altitudes than human hemoglobin. 
B) Bar-headed geese hemoglobin can bind more oxygen at lower altitudes than human hemoglobin. 
C) Bar-headed geese hemoglobin can bind more oxygen at higher temperatures than human hemoglobin. 
D) Bar-headed geese hemoglobin can bind more oxygen at lower temperatures than human hemoglobin. 
A) Bar-headed geese hemoglobin can bind more oxygen at higher altitudes than human hemoglobin. 
B) Bar-headed geese hemoglobin can bind more oxygen at lower altitudes than human hemoglobin. 
C) Bar-headed geese hemoglobin can bind more oxygen at higher temperatures than human hemoglobin. 
D) Bar-headed geese hemoglobin can bind more oxygen at lower temperatures than human hemoglobin.

Question 18

When you hold your breath,which of the following blood gas changes first leads to the urge to breathe?

Accepted Answer

A) rising O2 
B) falling O2 
C) rising CO2 
D) falling CO2 
A) rising O2 
B) falling O2 
C) rising CO2 
D) falling CO2

Question 19

Compared with the interstitial fluid that bathes active muscle cells,blood reaching these cells in arteries has a

Accepted Answer

A) higher PO2. 
B) higher PCO2. 
C) greater bicarbonate concentration. 
D) lower pH. 
A) higher PO2. 
B) higher PCO2. 
C) greater bicarbonate concentration. 
D) lower pH.

Question 20

What is the approximate partial pressure of oxygen on top of Mount Everest?

Accepted Answer

A) 26 mm Hg 
B) 53 mm Hg 
C) 159 mm Hg 
D) 254 mm Hg 
A) 26 mm Hg 
B) 53 mm Hg 
C) 159 mm Hg 
D) 254 mm Hg

Exam 34: Circulation and Gas Exchange

Circulatory systems compensate for

A patient with a blood pressure of 120/75,a pulse rate of 40 beats/minute,a stroke volume of 70 mL/beat,and a respiratory rate of 25 breaths/minute will have a cardiac output of

In which of the following animals would you expect to find high concentrations of myoglobin?

At what point in the following figure would blood pressure be highest?

Countercurrent exchange is evident in

In mammals,most gas exchange between the atmosphere and the pulmonary blood occurs in the

Dissolved proteins in human plasma include which of the following?

An oil-water mixture works as an insecticidal spray against mosquitoes and other insects because it

Small swollen areas in the neck,groin,and axillary region are associated with

Kevin is sitting quietly at home reading his biology textbook.His stroke volume is 70 mL per beat,and his resting heart rate is 60 beats per minute.What is Kevin's cardiac output?

An increased concentration of nitric oxide within a vascular bed is associated with

The sun shining on a tidal pool during a hot day heats the water.As some water evaporates,the pool becomes saltier,causing

Organisms with a circulating bodily fluid that is distinct from the fluid that directly surrounds the body's cells are likely to have

In order to fly over Mount Everest,bar-headed geese must fly higher and increase their altitude.What will happen in bar-headed geese as they increase their altitude?

At an atmospheric pressure of 870 mm Hg of 21% oxygen,the partial pressure of oxygen is

Blood returning to the mammalian heart in a pulmonary vein drains first into the

What statement about the data in the graph is true?

When you hold your breath,which of the following blood gas changes first leads to the urge to breathe?

Compared with the interstitial fluid that bathes active muscle cells,blood reaching these cells in arteries has a

What is the approximate partial pressure of oxygen on top of Mount Everest?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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