Exam 22: The Origin of Species

Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum)and one-seeded juniper (J.monosperma)have overlapping ranges.If pollen grains (which contain sperm cells)from one species are unable to germinate and make pollen tubes on female ovules (which contain egg cells)of the other species,then which of these terms is applicable?

Which of the following reproductive types of isolation illustrates postzygotic barriers?

After geographic separation,what process would be the last step before reproductive isolation?

Which of the following processes occurs first in order to begin speciation?

Please use the following information to answer the questions below. On the Bahamian island of Andros,mosquitofish populations live in various now-isolated freshwater ponds that were once united.Currently,some predator-rich ponds have mosquitofish that can swim in short,fast bursts;other predator-poor ponds have mosquitofish that can swim continuously for a long time.When placed together in the same body of water,the two kinds of female mosquitofish exhibit exclusive breeding preferences. -Which two of the following have operated to increase divergence between mosquitofish populations on Andros? 1)improved gene flow 2)bottleneck effect 3)sexual selection 4)founder effect 5)natural selection

The most likely explanation for the recent decline in cichlid species diversity in Lake Victoria is

Bird guides once listed the myrtle warbler and Audubon's warbler as distinct species.Recently,these birds have been reclassified as eastern and western forms of a single species,the yellow-rumped warbler.Which of the following pieces of evidence,if true,would be cause for this reclassification?

A species is represented by individuals that form a population

The following questions refer to the evolutionary tree in Figure 22.4,whose horizontal axis represents time (present time is on the far right)and whose vertical axis represents morphological change. Figure 22.4 -Which species is least expected to have a good record of transitional fossils;in other words,which species' fossils,if present at all,are expected only in relatively superficial (that is,shallow)strata?

Which of these should decline in hybrid zones where reinforcement is occurring?

The observation that island D.yakuba are more closely related to mainland D.yakuba than island D.yakuba are to D.santomea is best explained by proposing that D.santomea

Please use the following information to answer the questions below. In the ocean,on either side of the Isthmus of Panama,are 30 species of snapping shrimp;some are shallow-water species,and others are adapted to deep water.There are 15 species on the Pacific side and 15 different species on the Atlantic side.The Isthmus of Panama started rising about 10 million years ago. In Figure 22.1,the isthmus separates the Pacific Ocean on the left (side from the Atlantic Ocean on the right (side B).The seawater on either side of the isthmus is separated into five depth habitats (15),with 1 being the shallowest. Figure 22.1 -Which of these habitats is likely to harbor the youngest species?

The form of speciation that requires the emergence of a reproductive barrier that isolates a subset of a population from the remainder of the population in the same area is

Speciation

A narrow hybrid zone separates the toad species Bombina bombina and Bombina variegata.What is true of those alleles that are unique to the parental species?

Which of the following criteria used in classification is the most easily evaluated by the observer?

Which of the following correctly describes,or is an example of,habitat isolation?

Which of the following descriptions of polyploidy indicate speciation?

The origin of a new plant species by hybridization,coupled with accidents during cell division,is an example of

Imagine a male dragonfly is flying around in an aggressive pattern to find an appropriate mate in a wetland with many species of dragonflies and damselflies.Finally,he spots a female dragonfly that appears to be of the same species,based on her flight behavior and color,and the two mate.The sperm of the male,however,are unable to fertilize the eggs of the female when she lays them because her egg cell membrane proteins and carbohydrates do not recognize and bind to the male's sperm.This is an example of