Question 1

Which organism is most likely to have a type III survivorship curve?

Accepted Answer

A) an oak tree 
B) a domestic dog 
C) corn in a farmer's field 
D) Paramecium Clarify question: 
A) an oak tree 
B) a domestic dog 
C) corn in a farmer's field 
D) Paramecium Clarify question:

Question 2

Which is an example of a clumped distribution of a population?

Accepted Answer

A) A tree species releases a poison to defend the soil around its roots, resulting in trees spaced evenly like a grid. 
B) Antelope travel in herds. 
C) Two male hummingbirds have a confrontation on the border between their territories. 
D) Multiple species join each other at the waterhole to drink. Social interactions between members of a species can lead to clumped distributions.Many species live and move around in large groups (such as flocks, herds, or prides).These groupings can provide many advantages, including defense against predators, decreased energy cost of moving through air and water, and access to the knowledge of all group members. 
A) A tree species releases a poison to defend the soil around its roots, resulting in trees spaced evenly like a grid. 
B) Antelope travel in herds. 
C) Two male hummingbirds have a confrontation on the border between their territories. 
D) Multiple species join each other at the waterhole to drink. Social interactions between members of a species can lead to clumped distributions.Many species live and move around in large groups (such as flocks, herds, or prides).These groupings can provide many advantages, including defense against predators, decreased energy cost of moving through air and water, and access to the knowledge of all group members.

Question 3

You are working in an aquarium that has been breeding an endangered species of fish for return into the wild.You have a batch of progeny from the first generation of breeding.The staff are discussing whether to return those fish to an area that has been completely depleted, or add them to a partially depleted population."Considering the Allee effect, what do you say?

Accepted Answer

A) "They may survive better in a large school, and will have an easier time finding mates." 
B) "They may do better in the empty area without any competition for food." 
C) "They may do better in the empty area without any competition for territory." 
D) "The area with the other fish may reduce the partially depleted population's exposure to disease." Clarify question: 
A) "They may survive better in a large school, and will have an easier time finding mates." 
B) "They may do better in the empty area without any competition for food." 
C) "They may do better in the empty area without any competition for territory." 
D) "The area with the other fish may reduce the partially depleted population's exposure to disease." Clarify question:

Question 4

Which is an example of a species with K-selected adaptations?

Accepted Answer

A) dandelion 
B) fruit fly 
C) herring 
D) bobcat 
A) dandelion 
B) fruit fly 
C) herring 
D) bobcat

Question 5

A rancher is suspected of shooting wolves near Yellowstone National Park, and you have been enlisted to go have a chat with him.The rancher doesn't see any benefit to having the wolves there.What do you say?

Accepted Answer

A) "If there are no predators like wolves, just one pair of jackrabbits can quickly create a population with explosive, logistic growth.Wolves help reduce the fecundity rate, keeping the population at a reasonable level." 
B) "If there are no predators like wolves, just one pair of jackrabbits can quickly create a population with explosive, exponential growth.Wolves help reduce the carrying capacity, keeping the population at a reasonable level." 
C) "If there are no predators like wolves, just one pair of jackrabbits can quickly create a metapopulation.Wolves help reduce the biotic potential, keeping the population at a reasonable level." 
D) "If there are no predators like wolves, just one pair of jackrabbits can quickly create a population with explosive, density-dependent growth.Wolves help reduce the age structure, keeping the population at a reasonable level." Clarify question: 
A) "If there are no predators like wolves, just one pair of jackrabbits can quickly create a population with explosive, logistic growth.Wolves help reduce the fecundity rate, keeping the population at a reasonable level." 
B) "If there are no predators like wolves, just one pair of jackrabbits can quickly create a population with explosive, exponential growth.Wolves help reduce the carrying capacity, keeping the population at a reasonable level." 
C) "If there are no predators like wolves, just one pair of jackrabbits can quickly create a metapopulation.Wolves help reduce the biotic potential, keeping the population at a reasonable level." 
D) "If there are no predators like wolves, just one pair of jackrabbits can quickly create a population with explosive, density-dependent growth.Wolves help reduce the age structure, keeping the population at a reasonable level." Clarify question:

Question 6

Within a genus that normally produces large numbers of offspring, one particular species evolves maternal care behavior.What do you predict will happen to the survivorship curve?

Accepted Answer

A) No change is likely. 
B) It may change from type I to type III. 
C) It may change from type III to type I. 
D) It may change from type I to type II. 
A) No change is likely. 
B) It may change from type I to type III. 
C) It may change from type III to type I. 
D) It may change from type I to type II.

Question 7

A zoo in Southern California has been successfully breeding arctic wolves and they want to exchange some of their extra wolves for kangaroos from a zoo in southwestern Australia.Since it is July, it is quite cold in the other zoo compared to Southern California.What discussion might the zookeepers have about transferring the wolves?

Accepted Answer

A) Since Arctic wolves are well-adapted to cold, this should pose no problems. 
B) After several generations in Southern California, the wolves have lost their adaptive genes for cold temperatures. 
C) After growing up in Southern California, the individual wolves have lost their ability to adapt to cold temperatures, but their progeny will still get the cold-adapted genes. 
D) Although the wolves are genetically adapted to cold weather have not grown their cold weather coats. Clarify question: 
A) Since Arctic wolves are well-adapted to cold, this should pose no problems. 
B) After several generations in Southern California, the wolves have lost their adaptive genes for cold temperatures. 
C) After growing up in Southern California, the individual wolves have lost their ability to adapt to cold temperatures, but their progeny will still get the cold-adapted genes. 
D) Although the wolves are genetically adapted to cold weather have not grown their cold weather coats. Clarify question:

Question 8

True or False: An r-selected species is more likely to become an invasive pest than a K-selected species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The range of a population

Accepted Answer

A) is very fluid and changes frequently in a random fashion. 
B) is stable and almost never changes. 
C) only changes after a disaster has wiped out a former range. 
D) changes over time due to external events. 
A) is very fluid and changes frequently in a random fashion. 
B) is stable and almost never changes. 
C) only changes after a disaster has wiped out a former range. 
D) changes over time due to external events.

Question 10

What is the Allee effect?

Accepted Answer

A) when fitness increases independently of population size 
B) when fitness and growth rates increase with decreasing population size 
C) when fitness and growth rates increase with increasing population size 
D) when growth rates increase independently of population size 
A) when fitness increases independently of population size 
B) when fitness and growth rates increase with decreasing population size 
C) when fitness and growth rates increase with increasing population size 
D) when growth rates increase independently of population size

Question 11

A group of population members all of the same age is called a ________.

Accepted Answer

A) deme 
B) species 
C) cohort 
D) tribe 
A) deme 
B) species 
C) cohort 
D) tribe

Question 12

What environmental challenge is posed to young plants by an old growth forest?

Accepted Answer

A) low humidity 
B) high temperatures 
C) low light 
D) thick leaf litter Clarify question: 
A) low humidity 
B) high temperatures 
C) low light 
D) thick leaf litter Clarify question:

Question 13

You and your friends have just stepped off the plane in Cusco, Peru (11,200 ft).Your friends are so eager to see Machu Picchu they want to start off hiking the Inca Trail right away and not waste any time.How do you respond?

Accepted Answer

A) "Sounds good, but we had better pack extra water." 
B) "Sounds good, but we had better bring our warmest clothes." 
C) "No problem -- we had the whole plane ride to acclimatize to the high altitude." 
D) "Waiting a few days might be smart, since it takes time to acclimate to high altitude." 
A) "Sounds good, but we had better pack extra water." 
B) "Sounds good, but we had better bring our warmest clothes." 
C) "No problem -- we had the whole plane ride to acclimatize to the high altitude." 
D) "Waiting a few days might be smart, since it takes time to acclimate to high altitude."

Question 14

Kettle ponds derive from a hole left by a retreating glacier that is subsequently filled with rainwater.A certain region has a series of disconnected kettle ponds, but occasionally heavy rains flood them and create streams.Which type of animal is most likely to be present in this area as a metapopulation?

Accepted Answer

A) a fish 
B) an aquatic bird 
C) a mosquito 
D) a dragonfly Clarify question: 
A) a fish 
B) an aquatic bird 
C) a mosquito 
D) a dragonfly Clarify question:

Question 15

A small group of mice were released on an island.The island previously had no mice on it, but had abundant food and no predators.After several years of growth, the size of the new island population stabilizes.However, at this point a hurricane drastically reduces the population.How would you describe the situation?

Accepted Answer

A) The biotic potential of the population has been reduced. 
B) The new population size is a result of density-dependent regulation. 
C) The new population size is a result of density-independent regulation. 
D) The island mouse population can now act as a sink metapopulation. 
A) The biotic potential of the population has been reduced. 
B) The new population size is a result of density-dependent regulation. 
C) The new population size is a result of density-independent regulation. 
D) The island mouse population can now act as a sink metapopulation.

Question 16

The size at which a population stabilizes in a particular place is defined as the __________ for that species.

Accepted Answer

A) growth potential 
B) optimum 
C) range 
D) carrying capacity 
A) growth potential 
B) optimum 
C) range 
D) carrying capacity

Question 17

This summer, you are returning to the research station in Costa Rica to follow up on the population of butterflies you have been studying.You are disappointed to find that there are fewer this year than last.In fact, at dinner your friends studying frogs and birds are complaining about the same thing.What type of influence do you suspect?

Accepted Answer

A) a density-independent effect like an introduced predator 
B) a density-dependent effect like environmental disruption 
C) a density-independent effect like environmental disruption 
D) a density-dependent effect like an introduced predator Clarify question: 
A) a density-independent effect like an introduced predator 
B) a density-dependent effect like environmental disruption 
C) a density-independent effect like environmental disruption 
D) a density-dependent effect like an introduced predator Clarify question:

Question 18

Life history adaptations of ___________ populations are characterized by an early age of first reproduction and short maturation time and life span.

Accepted Answer

A) r-selected 
B) K-selected 
A) r-selected 
B) K-selected

Question 19

Most density-dependent factors show negative feedback relative to population size.Which one of the following is more likely to show positive feedback relative to population size?

Accepted Answer

A) competition in small populations 
B) competition in large populations 
C) fecundity in small populations 
D) fecundity in large populations 
A) competition in small populations 
B) competition in large populations 
C) fecundity in small populations 
D) fecundity in large populations

Question 20

Parental care of the young is usually associated with species with a Type ___ survivorship curve.

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) I or II (depending on the sex ratio) 
A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) I or II (depending on the sex ratio)

Exam 55: Ecology of Individuals and Populations

Which organism is most likely to have a type III survivorship curve?

Which is an example of a clumped distribution of a population?

Which is an example of a species with K-selected adaptations?

A rancher is suspected of shooting wolves near Yellowstone National Park, and you have been enlisted to go have a chat with him.The rancher doesn't see any benefit to having the wolves there.What do you say?

Within a genus that normally produces large numbers of offspring, one particular species evolves maternal care behavior.What do you predict will happen to the survivorship curve?

True or False: An r-selected species is more likely to become an invasive pest than a K-selected species.

The range of a population

What is the Allee effect?

A group of population members all of the same age is called a ________.

What environmental challenge is posed to young plants by an old growth forest?

You and your friends have just stepped off the plane in Cusco, Peru (11,200 ft).Your friends are so eager to see Machu Picchu they want to start off hiking the Inca Trail right away and not waste any time.How do you respond?

The size at which a population stabilizes in a particular place is defined as the __________ for that species.

Life history adaptations of ___________ populations are characterized by an early age of first reproduction and short maturation time and life span.

Most density-dependent factors show negative feedback relative to population size.Which one of the following is more likely to show positive feedback relative to population size?

Parental care of the young is usually associated with species with a Type ___ survivorship curve.

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes, Mapping, and the Meiosis-Inheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

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Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics, Phylogenies, and Comparative Biology

Genome Evolution

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The Origin and Diversity of Life

Viruses

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Protists

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Animal Diversity and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostomes

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Plant Form

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Plant Nutrition and Soils

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Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

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Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

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