Question 1

Fick's law of diffusion states that the rate of diffusion of a gas across a membrane depends on all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) the size of the gas molecule. 
B) which membrane transport proteins are present. 
C) the width of the membrane. 
D) the concentration difference of the gas on the two sides of the membrane. 
A) the size of the gas molecule. 
B) which membrane transport proteins are present. 
C) the width of the membrane. 
D) the concentration difference of the gas on the two sides of the membrane.

Question 2

The exchange of gases across a respiratory surface always occurs by

Accepted Answer

A) diffusion. 
B) facilitated transport. 
C) bulk flow. 
D) active transport. 
A) diffusion. 
B) facilitated transport. 
C) bulk flow. 
D) active transport.

Question 3

Every winter, many individuals tragically die in their sleep due to faulty heaters that leak carbon monoxide (CO) during the night.How does CO poisoning lead to death?

Accepted Answer

A) CO binds more tightly to carbonic anhydrase than does carbon dioxide. 
B) CO binds to oxygen, and the CO-oxygen complex cannot bind to hemoglobin. 
C) CO coats the surfaces of the alveoli, preventing diffusion of oxygen into the blood. 
D) CO binds more tightly to hemoglobin than does oxygen. 
A) CO binds more tightly to carbonic anhydrase than does carbon dioxide. 
B) CO binds to oxygen, and the CO-oxygen complex cannot bind to hemoglobin. 
C) CO coats the surfaces of the alveoli, preventing diffusion of oxygen into the blood. 
D) CO binds more tightly to hemoglobin than does oxygen.

Question 4

In the above graph, curve _______ is most likely the oxygen-binding curve for normal adult human hemoglobin, curve _______ is most likely that of llama hemoglobin (from a llama population that has lived in the mountains of Peru for thousands of years), and curve _______ is most likely that of myoglobin.

Accepted Answer

A) B, C, A 
B) C, B, A 
C) A, B, C 
D) B, A, C 
A) B, C, A 
B) C, B, A 
C) A, B, C 
D) B, A, C

Question 5

The large number of alveoli in lungs improve gas exchange by _____.

Accepted Answer

A) increasing the concentration difference 
B) changing the diffusion constant 
C) decreasing the distance for diffusion 
D) increasing the surface area for diffusion 
A) increasing the concentration difference 
B) changing the diffusion constant 
C) decreasing the distance for diffusion 
D) increasing the surface area for diffusion

Question 6

The axolotl, an aquatic amphibian, uses ______ for gas exchange.

Accepted Answer

A) papulae 
B) internal gills 
C) external gills 
D) lungs 
A) papulae 
B) internal gills 
C) external gills 
D) lungs

Question 7

During exercise, the blood returning to a person's heart contains hemoglobin that is about ______ saturated.

Accepted Answer

A) 3% 
B) 22% 
C) 35% 
D) 75% 
A) 3% 
B) 22% 
C) 35% 
D) 75%

Question 8

Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood?

Accepted Answer

A) pulmonary veins 
B) systemic veins (such as the femoral vein in your leg) 
C) pulmonary arteries 
A) pulmonary veins 
B) systemic veins (such as the femoral vein in your leg) 
C) pulmonary arteries

Question 9

The respiratory systems of fish and birds are similar in that both______________.

Accepted Answer

A) utilize air sacs. 
B) have similar partial pressures of oxygen in the environmental medium. 
C) have unidirectional flow of the environmental medium over the gas exchange surfaces. 
D) employ countercurrent exchange. 
A) utilize air sacs. 
B) have similar partial pressures of oxygen in the environmental medium. 
C) have unidirectional flow of the environmental medium over the gas exchange surfaces. 
D) employ countercurrent exchange.

Question 10

The oxygen content of dry air in the atmosphere

Accepted Answer

A) varies depending on the altitude. 
B) is about 21.0%. 
C) is inversely proportional to the partial pressure of oxygen. 
D) is about 0.03%. 
A) varies depending on the altitude. 
B) is about 21.0%. 
C) is inversely proportional to the partial pressure of oxygen. 
D) is about 0.03%.

Question 11

Which group of animals has one-way flow of air through its lungs, whereas all the others have tidal flow?

Accepted Answer

A) mammals 
B) amphibians 
C) birds 
D) reptiles 
A) mammals 
B) amphibians 
C) birds 
D) reptiles

Question 12

What would a graph of internal lung pressure compared to atmospheric pressure look like during one inhalation/exhalation cycle in a frog?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D

Question 13

Imagine that you have been transported light years away to another planet with water-filled oceans.This distant planet has a barometric pressure of 1,000 mm Hg at sea level and air that contains 15 percent O2.Would you take in much more oxygen, much less oxygen, or about the same amount of oxygen per breath on this planet as you would on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A) much less oxygen on the distant planet 
B) much more oxygen on the distant planet 
C) about the same amount of oxygen as on Earth 
A) much less oxygen on the distant planet 
B) much more oxygen on the distant planet 
C) about the same amount of oxygen as on Earth

Question 14

Chemoreceptors located in the aortic and carotid bodies stimulate the respiratory control center in the brain when the blood __________ decreases.

Accepted Answer

A) PCO2 
B) hemoglobin concentration 
C) pH 
D) PO2 
A) PCO2 
B) hemoglobin concentration 
C) pH 
D) PO2

Question 15

Major evolutionary changes have resulted in anatomical and physiological adaptations that optimize the rate of gas exchange in animals by each of these factors except ________.

Accepted Answer

A) decreasing the distance for diffusion 
B) increasing the diffusion constant for each gas 
C) increasing the surface area for diffusion 
D) increasing the concentration difference driving diffusion 
A) decreasing the distance for diffusion 
B) increasing the diffusion constant for each gas 
C) increasing the surface area for diffusion 
D) increasing the concentration difference driving diffusion

Question 16

Which of these animals uses positive pressure breathing?

Accepted Answer

A) reptiles 
B) mammals 
C) amphibians 
D) birds 
A) reptiles 
B) mammals 
C) amphibians 
D) birds

Question 17

Most simple invertebrates obtain their oxygen by diffusion directly from the surrounding

Accepted Answer

A) mud. 
B) air. 
C) water. 
D) blood. 
A) mud. 
B) air. 
C) water. 
D) blood.

Question 18

Ciliated gills in clams, sharks continuously swimming with their mouths partly open, countercurrent flow of blood and water in fish gills, and the use of air sacs to effect unidirectional flow of air through bird lungs are all adaptations that optimize what factor in the formula for Fick's Law of diffusion?

Accepted Answer

A) D 
B) A 
C) $\Delta$p 
D) d 
A) D 
B) A 
C) $\Delta$p 
D) d

Question 19

Air enters human lungs from the mouth by passing through the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) posterior air sacs 
B) trachea 
C) spiracles 
D) esophagus 
A) posterior air sacs 
B) trachea 
C) spiracles 
D) esophagus

Question 20

The many lamellae in the gills of fish improve respiratory efficiency by ______.

Accepted Answer

A) changing the diffusion constant 
B) decreasing the distance for diffusion 
C) increasing the surface area for diffusion 
D) increasing the concentration difference 
A) changing the diffusion constant 
B) decreasing the distance for diffusion 
C) increasing the surface area for diffusion 
D) increasing the concentration difference

Exam 48: The Respiratory System

Fick's law of diffusion states that the rate of diffusion of a gas across a membrane depends on all of the following except

The exchange of gases across a respiratory surface always occurs by

Every winter, many individuals tragically die in their sleep due to faulty heaters that leak carbon monoxide (CO) during the night.How does CO poisoning lead to death?

The large number of alveoli in lungs improve gas exchange by _____.

The axolotl, an aquatic amphibian, uses ______ for gas exchange.

During exercise, the blood returning to a person's heart contains hemoglobin that is about ______ saturated.

Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood?

The respiratory systems of fish and birds are similar in that both______________.

The oxygen content of dry air in the atmosphere

Which group of animals has one-way flow of air through its lungs, whereas all the others have tidal flow?

What would a graph of internal lung pressure compared to atmospheric pressure look like during one inhalation/exhalation cycle in a frog?

Chemoreceptors located in the aortic and carotid bodies stimulate the respiratory control center in the brain when the blood __________ decreases.

Major evolutionary changes have resulted in anatomical and physiological adaptations that optimize the rate of gas exchange in animals by each of these factors except ________.

Which of these animals uses positive pressure breathing?

Most simple invertebrates obtain their oxygen by diffusion directly from the surrounding

Air enters human lungs from the mouth by passing through the ________.

The many lamellae in the gills of fish improve respiratory efficiency by ______.

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes, Mapping, and the Meiosis-Inheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics, Phylogenies, and Comparative Biology

Genome Evolution

Evolution of Development

The Origin and Diversity of Life

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Diversity and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostomes

Deuterostomes

Plant Form

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Circulatory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Ecology of Individuals and Populations

Community Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Conservation Biology

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