Question 1

Some plants are able to endure frequent flooding events because they contain a tissue with loose parenchyma cells and large air spaces called

Accepted Answer

A) xylem. 
B) spongy mesophyll. 
C) pneumatophores. 
D) aerenchyma. 
A) xylem. 
B) spongy mesophyll. 
C) pneumatophores. 
D) aerenchyma.

Question 2

A plant will usually wilt when which component of water potential reaches 0 MPa?

Accepted Answer

A) solute potential 
B) turgor pressure 
C) total water potential 
D) gravity potential When the pressure potential reaches 0 MPa within a cell, there is no more turgor pressure.This pressure is necessary to keep the cell wall rigid and to keep the plant from wilting.Please refer to section 37.1 for more information. 
A) solute potential 
B) turgor pressure 
C) total water potential 
D) gravity potential When the pressure potential reaches 0 MPa within a cell, there is no more turgor pressure.This pressure is necessary to keep the cell wall rigid and to keep the plant from wilting.Please refer to section 37.1 for more information.

Question 3

Pure water without applied pressure has a water potential that is equal to

Accepted Answer

A) infinity. 
B) 0.0 MPa. 
C) 1.6 MPa. 
D) -2.0 MPa. 
A) infinity. 
B) 0.0 MPa. 
C) 1.6 MPa. 
D) -2.0 MPa.

Question 4

If the proton pumps of guard cell were damaged, transpiration would decrease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The uneven distribution of an impermeable solute on either side of a membrane will result in

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in oxygen deprivation. 
B) proton pumping. 
C) root pressure. 
D) osmosis. 
A) an increase in oxygen deprivation. 
B) proton pumping. 
C) root pressure. 
D) osmosis.

Question 6

An application of too much fertilizer will negatively affect the movement of materials in the phloem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A plant is exposed to a toxin that blocks ABA receptor sites in the plasma membrane.What is the likely consequence of this exposure?

Accepted Answer

A) Oxygen deprivation will trigger the release of ethylene, which will in turn suppress root growth. 
B) Gibberellin production will increase, allowing the plant to access more nutrients in the soil. 
C) ABA will enter the cells by an alternative route and normal function will be restored. 
D) The plant will lose excess water through transpiration and suffer dehydration. 
A) Oxygen deprivation will trigger the release of ethylene, which will in turn suppress root growth. 
B) Gibberellin production will increase, allowing the plant to access more nutrients in the soil. 
C) ABA will enter the cells by an alternative route and normal function will be restored. 
D) The plant will lose excess water through transpiration and suffer dehydration.

Question 8

In Cell 1,

Accepted Answer

A) $\Psi$p = 0.0 MPa and $\Psi$w = 0.0 MPa. 
B) $\Psi$p = 0.0 MPa and $\Psi$w = -1.0 MPa. 
C) $\Psi$p = +0.5 MPa and $\Psi$w = -0.5 MPa. 
D) $\Psi$p = -0.5 MPa and $\Psi$w = -0.5 MPa. 
A) $\Psi$p = 0.0 MPa and $\Psi$w = 0.0 MPa. 
B) $\Psi$p = 0.0 MPa and $\Psi$w = -1.0 MPa. 
C) $\Psi$p = +0.5 MPa and $\Psi$w = -0.5 MPa. 
D) $\Psi$p = -0.5 MPa and $\Psi$w = -0.5 MPa.

Question 9

A large watermelon fruit is very heavy and contains nearly 90% water.Since the skin of a watermelon is thick and lacks stomata, transpiration does not "pull" water into the watermelon.So, how does all that water get into the fruit?

Accepted Answer

A) Root pressure pushes water into the watermelon. 
B) Water enters by osmosis from the soil. 
C) Water is pumped in by active transport. 
D) Water is transported in the phloem along with the sugars while they are being translocated into the fruit. 
A) Root pressure pushes water into the watermelon. 
B) Water enters by osmosis from the soil. 
C) Water is pumped in by active transport. 
D) Water is transported in the phloem along with the sugars while they are being translocated into the fruit.

Question 10

An increase in root pressure will result in the rapid release of abscisic acid (ABA) and the subsequent opening of the stomata.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

You a given a plant tissue in lab and asked to determine if the tissue is a source or a sink.Microscopic analysis reveals an abundance of colorless parenchyma cells with plastids.Only one biochemical test reacts positively with your sample.In the presence of iodine, the plastids turn a dark purplish color.Based on this information you determine your sample is

Accepted Answer

A) a source because your sample is rich in carbohydrates. 
B) a source because your sample contains plastids. 
C) a sink because your sample is rich in carbohydrates. 
D) both a source and sink because it contains both plastids and carbohydrates. 
A) a source because your sample is rich in carbohydrates. 
B) a source because your sample contains plastids. 
C) a sink because your sample is rich in carbohydrates. 
D) both a source and sink because it contains both plastids and carbohydrates.

Question 12

Even in the absence of transpiration, some water can move into the roots and partially up the xylem columns.This phenomenon is due to

Accepted Answer

A) flooding. 
B) stomatal opening. 
C) root pressure. 
D) proton pumps. 
A) flooding. 
B) stomatal opening. 
C) root pressure. 
D) proton pumps.

Question 13

The pressure-flow hypothesis describes

Accepted Answer

A) how hormones move through the phloem. 
B) how carbohydrates enter the sieve tubes. 
C) how carbohydrates in solution move through the phloem. 
D) how water and minerals move through the xylem. 
A) how hormones move through the phloem. 
B) how carbohydrates enter the sieve tubes. 
C) how carbohydrates in solution move through the phloem. 
D) how water and minerals move through the xylem.

Question 14

Halophytes are plants that live in saline soils.The high osmotic potential of the salt solution in the soil creates a very negative water potential.What can halophytes do so that water will flow into the roots?

Accepted Answer

A) They can close their stomata so that less water is lost through transpiration. 
B) They can open all their stomata so that transpiration "pulls" more water into the roots. 
C) They can increase the solute concentration in their roots creating a water potential that is more negative than the soil. 
D) They can pump ions out of the plant creating a water potential in the roots that is more positive than the soil. 
A) They can close their stomata so that less water is lost through transpiration. 
B) They can open all their stomata so that transpiration "pulls" more water into the roots. 
C) They can increase the solute concentration in their roots creating a water potential that is more negative than the soil. 
D) They can pump ions out of the plant creating a water potential in the roots that is more positive than the soil.

Question 15

Cavitation would have no effect on translocation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Stomatal opening requires each of the following conditions, except

Accepted Answer

A) expenditure of energy. 
B) a reduction of turgor in the guard cells. 
C) water entering the guard cells by osmosis. 
D) a lower water potential in the guard cells. 
A) expenditure of energy. 
B) a reduction of turgor in the guard cells. 
C) water entering the guard cells by osmosis. 
D) a lower water potential in the guard cells.

Question 17

Cavitation can occur when what happens?

Accepted Answer

A) Root pressure pushes water up the xylem. 
B) Starch grains block the sieve tubes. 
C) Gas bubbles expand inside a tracheid or vessel member. 
D) Stomata get stuck closed. 
A) Root pressure pushes water up the xylem. 
B) Starch grains block the sieve tubes. 
C) Gas bubbles expand inside a tracheid or vessel member. 
D) Stomata get stuck closed.

Question 18

Mangrove plants live in areas regularly flooded with salt water.Which of these is not a possible mechanism for controlling their salt balance?

Accepted Answer

A) The roots block salt uptake. 
B) The succulent leaves contain large quantities of water that dilute salt that is absorbed. 
C) Absorbed salt is secreted from special salt glands. 
D) Modified roots emerge above the water level and help oxygen diffuse into the roots. 
A) The roots block salt uptake. 
B) The succulent leaves contain large quantities of water that dilute salt that is absorbed. 
C) Absorbed salt is secreted from special salt glands. 
D) Modified roots emerge above the water level and help oxygen diffuse into the roots.

Question 19

Which of the following must occur in order to maintain a high pressure potential within guard cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Potassium ions must be actively transported out. 
B) Energy must be constantly expended. 
C) Water must exit guard cells by osmosis. 
D) Stomata must take up more oxygen and less carbon dioxide. 
A) Potassium ions must be actively transported out. 
B) Energy must be constantly expended. 
C) Water must exit guard cells by osmosis. 
D) Stomata must take up more oxygen and less carbon dioxide.

Question 20

Mycorrhizal fungi interact with plants at the

Accepted Answer

A) stomata. 
B) seed coat. 
C) roots. 
D) edge of ponds. 
A) stomata. 
B) seed coat. 
C) roots. 
D) edge of ponds.

Exam 37: Transport in Plants

Some plants are able to endure frequent flooding events because they contain a tissue with loose parenchyma cells and large air spaces called

A plant will usually wilt when which component of water potential reaches 0 MPa?

Pure water without applied pressure has a water potential that is equal to

If the proton pumps of guard cell were damaged, transpiration would decrease.

The uneven distribution of an impermeable solute on either side of a membrane will result in

An application of too much fertilizer will negatively affect the movement of materials in the phloem.

A plant is exposed to a toxin that blocks ABA receptor sites in the plasma membrane.What is the likely consequence of this exposure?

In Cell 1,

A large watermelon fruit is very heavy and contains nearly 90% water.Since the skin of a watermelon is thick and lacks stomata, transpiration does not "pull" water into the watermelon.So, how does all that water get into the fruit?

An increase in root pressure will result in the rapid release of abscisic acid (ABA) and the subsequent opening of the stomata.

Even in the absence of transpiration, some water can move into the roots and partially up the xylem columns.This phenomenon is due to

The pressure-flow hypothesis describes

Halophytes are plants that live in saline soils.The high osmotic potential of the salt solution in the soil creates a very negative water potential.What can halophytes do so that water will flow into the roots?

Cavitation would have no effect on translocation.

Stomatal opening requires each of the following conditions, except

Cavitation can occur when what happens?

Mangrove plants live in areas regularly flooded with salt water.Which of these is not a possible mechanism for controlling their salt balance?

Which of the following must occur in order to maintain a high pressure potential within guard cells?

Mycorrhizal fungi interact with plants at the

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes, Mapping, and the Meiosis-Inheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics, Phylogenies, and Comparative Biology

Genome Evolution

Evolution of Development

The Origin and Diversity of Life

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Diversity and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostomes

Deuterostomes

Plant Form

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Ecology of Individuals and Populations

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