Question 1

Genes abc and def have a high average cotransduction frequency.Genes abc and xyz have a very low average cotransduction frequency.What is the best explanation for this difference?

Accepted Answer

A) The genes abc and def are much closer to each other on the chromosome. 
B) The genes abc and def must share a higher degree of sequence similarity. 
C) Both genes have a high affinity for the viral binding sites. 
D) Both genes code for gene products that are necessary for viral replication. 
A) The genes abc and def are much closer to each other on the chromosome. 
B) The genes abc and def must share a higher degree of sequence similarity. 
C) Both genes have a high affinity for the viral binding sites. 
D) Both genes code for gene products that are necessary for viral replication.

Question 2

Irregular dental hygiene and a high sugar diet may led to tooth decay.Why?

Accepted Answer

A) Bacteria consume calcium. 
B) Lactic acid fermentation is used to generate ATP under anaerobic conditions. 
C) Plaque degrades the tooth's protective mucosal layers. 
D) Glucose forms a weak acid when dissolved in saliva. 
A) Bacteria consume calcium. 
B) Lactic acid fermentation is used to generate ATP under anaerobic conditions. 
C) Plaque degrades the tooth's protective mucosal layers. 
D) Glucose forms a weak acid when dissolved in saliva.

Question 3

Dental plaque (a biofilm), a first stage in tooth decay, consists of

Accepted Answer

A) sugars. 
B) bacteria surrounded by a polysaccharide matrix. 
C) fluoride. 
D) lactic acid. 
A) sugars. 
B) bacteria surrounded by a polysaccharide matrix. 
C) fluoride. 
D) lactic acid.

Question 4

Prokaryotic cell walls consist of a network of polysaccharide molecules connected by cross-bridges of

Accepted Answer

A) other polysaccharides. 
B) lipids. 
C) peptides. 
D) ribosomes. 
A) other polysaccharides. 
B) lipids. 
C) peptides. 
D) ribosomes.

Question 5

In some bacteria, a capsule surrounds the cell wall.It is made up of

Accepted Answer

A) a lipopolysaccharide. 
B) peptidoglycan. 
C) gelatin. 
D) pili. 
A) a lipopolysaccharide. 
B) peptidoglycan. 
C) gelatin. 
D) pili.

Question 6

Current classification of prokaryotes is based on

Accepted Answer

A) morphology of flagella. 
B) sequencing of proteins, DNA, and RNA. 
C) occurrence of transverse binary fission. 
D) type of colony formation. 
A) morphology of flagella. 
B) sequencing of proteins, DNA, and RNA. 
C) occurrence of transverse binary fission. 
D) type of colony formation.

Question 7

A high concentration of chlorophyll imbedded in the plasma membrane fold of a newly discovered species of bacteria suggests a:

Accepted Answer

A) Chemolithoautotrophic metabolism 
B) Chemoheterotrophic metabolism 
C) Photoautotrophic metabolism 
D) Photoheterotrophic metabolism 
A) Chemolithoautotrophic metabolism 
B) Chemoheterotrophic metabolism 
C) Photoautotrophic metabolism 
D) Photoheterotrophic metabolism

Question 8

The prokaryotic DNA is located in the

Accepted Answer

A) capsid region. 
B) nucleoid region. 
C) endospore region. 
D) peptidoglycan region. 
A) capsid region. 
B) nucleoid region. 
C) endospore region. 
D) peptidoglycan region.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about generalized transduction is false?

Accepted Answer

A) "Head full" packaging always places only phage DNA into the phage head during phage packaging in generalized transduction. 
B) Generalized transduction always involves lytic phage. 
C) Generalized transduction can be used to map bacterial genes. 
D) Genes that are close together on the bacterial chromosome will have a relatively large cotransduction frequency. 
A) "Head full" packaging always places only phage DNA into the phage head during phage packaging in generalized transduction. 
B) Generalized transduction always involves lytic phage. 
C) Generalized transduction can be used to map bacterial genes. 
D) Genes that are close together on the bacterial chromosome will have a relatively large cotransduction frequency.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about tuberculosis (TB) is false?

Accepted Answer

A) MDR TB is more expensive to treat. 
B) Not completing a full course of antibiotic can select for MDR strains. 
C) HIV and TB can be transmitted in the same manner. 
D) The spread of TB can be very rapid. 
A) MDR TB is more expensive to treat. 
B) Not completing a full course of antibiotic can select for MDR strains. 
C) HIV and TB can be transmitted in the same manner. 
D) The spread of TB can be very rapid.

Question 11

Bacterial ribosomes differ from eukaryotic ribosomes in all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) they act as sites of protein synthesis. 
B) they are smaller than in eukaryotes. 
C) tetracycline and chloramphenicol can bind to bacterial ribosomes. 
D) they differ in ribosomal proteins. 
A) they act as sites of protein synthesis. 
B) they are smaller than in eukaryotes. 
C) tetracycline and chloramphenicol can bind to bacterial ribosomes. 
D) they differ in ribosomal proteins.

Question 12

Genetic diversity in bacteria is created by mutation and __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Genetic diversity in bacteria is created by...

Question 13

In all of the following characteristics, prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes except in

Accepted Answer

A) cell size. 
B) multicellularity. 
C) chromosomes. 
D) nucleic acids as the hereditary material. 
A) cell size. 
B) multicellularity. 
C) chromosomes. 
D) nucleic acids as the hereditary material.

Question 14

The fungus Penicillium produces a compound that blocks peptidoglycan assembly.Why is a fungus trying to kill bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) Fungi eat bacteria. 
B) Fungi and bacteria are both decomposers and compete for resources. 
C) The compound produced by the fungus is used for nitrogen fixation, the antibacterial properties are accidental. 
D) The fungal compound is produced in response to a bacterial invasion of the fungal hyphae. 
A) Fungi eat bacteria. 
B) Fungi and bacteria are both decomposers and compete for resources. 
C) The compound produced by the fungus is used for nitrogen fixation, the antibacterial properties are accidental. 
D) The fungal compound is produced in response to a bacterial invasion of the fungal hyphae.

Question 15

Prokaryotes reproduce rapidly and this allows genetic variation to spread quickly through a population.Two processes can create new variations in prokaryotic populations.Select the choice with those two processes.

Accepted Answer

A) mutation and phage viral attack 
B) phage viral attack and genetic recombination 
C) genetic recombination and nondisjunction 
D) genetic recombination and mutation 
A) mutation and phage viral attack 
B) phage viral attack and genetic recombination 
C) genetic recombination and nondisjunction 
D) genetic recombination and mutation

Question 16

Gonorrhea and syphilis are most commonly controlled by

Accepted Answer

A) abstinence. 
B) antibiotics. 
C) boiling water. 
D) fluoride treatment. 
A) abstinence. 
B) antibiotics. 
C) boiling water. 
D) fluoride treatment.

Question 17

The cells wall of bacteria Z contains high concentrations of phospholipids along with proteins and relatively low amounts of lipopolysaccharide.When bacteria Z is gram stained, it will most like be colored?

Accepted Answer

A) Purple 
B) Pink 
C) Blue 
D) Clear, it does not retain any stain 
A) Purple 
B) Pink 
C) Blue 
D) Clear, it does not retain any stain

Question 18

Various techniques have been developed to isolate strains of bacteria carrying a particular mutation.One of them is, bacteria containing wild-type cells and cells of a desired mutant are grown on a medium lacking the nutrient for which the desired mutants are auxotrophic but containing an antibiotic that only kills growing cells.In this environment,

Accepted Answer

A) both wild-type and mutant cells are killed. 
B) both wild-type and mutant cells survive. 
C) wild-type cells survive; mutant cells die. 
D) wild-type cells die; mutant cells survive. 
A) both wild-type and mutant cells are killed. 
B) both wild-type and mutant cells survive. 
C) wild-type cells survive; mutant cells die. 
D) wild-type cells die; mutant cells survive.

Question 19

When bacteria are exposed to nutrient-poor conditions, they form thick-walled structures that contain the chromosome and a small amount of cytoplasm.These structures are called

Accepted Answer

A) plasmids. 
B) pseudomonads. 
C) nucleoids. 
D) endospores. 
A) plasmids. 
B) pseudomonads. 
C) nucleoids. 
D) endospores.

Question 20

A microbiologist is conducting a research project on chemolithoautotrophs.This means that the investigator is examining certain aspects of a bacterium that

Accepted Answer

A) can oxidize inorganic molecules such as ammonia and sulfur for energy 
B) is a purple non-sulfur bacteria which depends on light. 
C) obtains carbon from organic molecules. 
D) can use the energy from sunlight to build organic molecules from carbon dioxide. 
A) can oxidize inorganic molecules such as ammonia and sulfur for energy 
B) is a purple non-sulfur bacteria which depends on light. 
C) obtains carbon from organic molecules. 
D) can use the energy from sunlight to build organic molecules from carbon dioxide.

Exam 28: Prokaryotes

Genes abc and def have a high average cotransduction frequency.Genes abc and xyz have a very low average cotransduction frequency.What is the best explanation for this difference?

Irregular dental hygiene and a high sugar diet may led to tooth decay.Why?

Dental plaque (a biofilm), a first stage in tooth decay, consists of

Prokaryotic cell walls consist of a network of polysaccharide molecules connected by cross-bridges of

In some bacteria, a capsule surrounds the cell wall.It is made up of

Current classification of prokaryotes is based on

A high concentration of chlorophyll imbedded in the plasma membrane fold of a newly discovered species of bacteria suggests a:

The prokaryotic DNA is located in the

Which of the following statements about generalized transduction is false?

Which of the following statements about tuberculosis (TB) is false?

Bacterial ribosomes differ from eukaryotic ribosomes in all of the following except

Genetic diversity in bacteria is created by mutation and __________.

In all of the following characteristics, prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes except in

The fungus Penicillium produces a compound that blocks peptidoglycan assembly.Why is a fungus trying to kill bacteria?

Prokaryotes reproduce rapidly and this allows genetic variation to spread quickly through a population.Two processes can create new variations in prokaryotic populations.Select the choice with those two processes.

Gonorrhea and syphilis are most commonly controlled by

The cells wall of bacteria Z contains high concentrations of phospholipids along with proteins and relatively low amounts of lipopolysaccharide.When bacteria Z is gram stained, it will most like be colored?

When bacteria are exposed to nutrient-poor conditions, they form thick-walled structures that contain the chromosome and a small amount of cytoplasm.These structures are called

A microbiologist is conducting a research project on chemolithoautotrophs.This means that the investigator is examining certain aspects of a bacterium that

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