Question 1

Except in rare cases, genes are usually passed from generation to generation within a species.This process is called:

Accepted Answer

A) horizontal gene transfer 
B) vertical gene transfer 
C) transgenesis 
D) synteny 
A) horizontal gene transfer 
B) vertical gene transfer 
C) transgenesis 
D) synteny

Question 2

The human genome

Accepted Answer

A) has no foreign DNA because it is excised by DNase. 
B) has a very small amount of foreign DNA, mostly in the end caps (telomeres) of chromosomes. 
C) has a lot of foreign DNA, mostly in the end caps (telomeres) of chromosomes. 
D) has a lot of foreign DNA scattered throughout the genome, including transposons. 
A) has no foreign DNA because it is excised by DNase. 
B) has a very small amount of foreign DNA, mostly in the end caps (telomeres) of chromosomes. 
C) has a lot of foreign DNA, mostly in the end caps (telomeres) of chromosomes. 
D) has a lot of foreign DNA scattered throughout the genome, including transposons.

Question 3

The best explanation for the phenotypic differences between humans and chimps despite the great similarities in their gene-coding sequences is

Accepted Answer

A) the vast differences in exons between their genomes. 
B) the vast differences in the introns between their genomes. 
C) the "junk" DNA of humans contains important sequences not present in chimps. 
D) differences in gene expression between species. 
A) the vast differences in exons between their genomes. 
B) the vast differences in the introns between their genomes. 
C) the "junk" DNA of humans contains important sequences not present in chimps. 
D) differences in gene expression between species.

Question 4

Choose the correct sequence of events involving allopolyploidy that gave rise to modern tobacco.

Accepted Answer

A) hybridization, chromosome doubling, duplicate gene loss 
B) hybridization, duplicate gene loss, chromosome doubling 
C) chromosome doubling, hybridization, duplicate gene loss 
D) duplicate gene loss, hybridization, chromosome doubling 
A) hybridization, chromosome doubling, duplicate gene loss 
B) hybridization, duplicate gene loss, chromosome doubling 
C) chromosome doubling, hybridization, duplicate gene loss 
D) duplicate gene loss, hybridization, chromosome doubling

Question 5

Today, gene swapping between two species is

Accepted Answer

A) impossible, but it happened frequently in the distant past. 
B) infrequent but possible; it happened more often in the distant past. 
C) much more frequent compared to in the distant past. 
D) only possible if they are in the same family of organisms, such as lions and tigers. 
A) impossible, but it happened frequently in the distant past. 
B) infrequent but possible; it happened more often in the distant past. 
C) much more frequent compared to in the distant past. 
D) only possible if they are in the same family of organisms, such as lions and tigers.

Question 6

Which one of the following statements about horizontal gene transfer is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Horizontal gene transfer is also called lateral gene transfer. 
B) Horizontal gene transfer involves hitchhiking genes from other species. 
C) Horizontal gene transfer was common early in life, but is absent today. 
D) Gene swapping is evident in the human genome. 
A) Horizontal gene transfer is also called lateral gene transfer. 
B) Horizontal gene transfer involves hitchhiking genes from other species. 
C) Horizontal gene transfer was common early in life, but is absent today. 
D) Gene swapping is evident in the human genome.

Question 7

Petrels (a flying and diving seabird) are thought to be one of the closest living relatives to penguins.What type of genes would be most likely to exhibit different expression patterns between these species?

Accepted Answer

A) Genes controlling skeletal development. 
B) Genes regulating the digestive tract. 
C) Genes regulating salt water tolerance. 
D) Genes controlling organ development. 
A) Genes controlling skeletal development. 
B) Genes regulating the digestive tract. 
C) Genes regulating salt water tolerance. 
D) Genes controlling organ development.

Question 8

The entire DNA sequence of a species is called its ________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The entire DNA sequence of a species...

Question 9

Choose the true statement about genome size and gene number in animals.

Accepted Answer

A) There is a strong correlation between the number of genes and genome size. 
B) Much of the extra DNA in humans is in the form of exons. 
C) The pufferfish has a larger genome than humans and more genes. 
D) Genome size differences depend to a large extent on the amount of retrotransposon DNA present. 
A) There is a strong correlation between the number of genes and genome size. 
B) Much of the extra DNA in humans is in the form of exons. 
C) The pufferfish has a larger genome than humans and more genes. 
D) Genome size differences depend to a large extent on the amount of retrotransposon DNA present.

Question 10

Genes are found in the same order for large stretches of the X chromosome in the rat and mouse genomes, indicating

Accepted Answer

A) occurence of aneuploidy. 
B) formation of pseudogenes. 
C) conservation of synteny. 
D) conservation of neoteny. 
A) occurence of aneuploidy. 
B) formation of pseudogenes. 
C) conservation of synteny. 
D) conservation of neoteny.

Question 11

Some of the olfactory receptor (OR) genes in humans

Accepted Answer

A) have been inactivated, reducing our olfactory capabilities compared to other primates. 
B) have been activated, enhancing our olfactory sense compared to other primates. 
C) have duplicated more frequently, resulting in increased paralogs compared to other primates. 
D)  have been conserved more rigidly, resulting in increased orthologs compared to other primates. 
A) have been inactivated, reducing our olfactory capabilities compared to other primates. 
B) have been activated, enhancing our olfactory sense compared to other primates. 
C) have duplicated more frequently, resulting in increased paralogs compared to other primates. 
D)  have been conserved more rigidly, resulting in increased orthologs compared to other primates.

Question 12

Recent research has suggested that some pseudogenes and non-protein-coding DNA code for RNAs that affect transcription of coding regions.This suggests that

Accepted Answer

A) pseudogenes code for proteins. 
B) non-protein-coding DNA has no function. 
C) non-protein-coding DNA may regulate gene expression. 
D) pseudogenes have no function. 
A) pseudogenes code for proteins. 
B) non-protein-coding DNA has no function. 
C) non-protein-coding DNA may regulate gene expression. 
D) pseudogenes have no function.

Question 13

Choose the true statement about the human genome and the tiger pufferfish genomes.

Accepted Answer

A) Essentially all the human genes have nearly identical counterparts in pufferfish. 
B) The order of genes along the chromosomes in both species is essentially identical. 
C) Both species have about the same amount of introns and "nonsense" sequences of DNA. 
D) About 25% of human genes are unique when compared to the tiger pufferfish genome. 
A) Essentially all the human genes have nearly identical counterparts in pufferfish. 
B) The order of genes along the chromosomes in both species is essentially identical. 
C) Both species have about the same amount of introns and "nonsense" sequences of DNA. 
D) About 25% of human genes are unique when compared to the tiger pufferfish genome.

Question 14

Using the sequencing results for genomes from each of the kingdoms, it is currently possible

Accepted Answer

A) to explore genetic differences between species very directly, examining DNA changes. 
B) to build, from scratch, complex organisms with trans-kingdom genomes. 
C) to sequence and build, from scratch, simple organisms with trans-kingdom genomes. 
D) to design humans with a variety of inter-kingdom abilities built into their DNA. 
A) to explore genetic differences between species very directly, examining DNA changes. 
B) to build, from scratch, complex organisms with trans-kingdom genomes. 
C) to sequence and build, from scratch, simple organisms with trans-kingdom genomes. 
D) to design humans with a variety of inter-kingdom abilities built into their DNA.

Question 15

If a gene is found in different groups, it is said to be

Accepted Answer

A) active. 
B) variable. 
C) conserved. 
D) associational. 
A) active. 
B) variable. 
C) conserved. 
D) associational.

Question 16

Over long segments of chromosomes, the linear order of mouse and human genes is preserved.This is called conserved ______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Over long segments of chromosomes, the linear...

Question 17

Gene inactivation is likely to produce

Accepted Answer

A) pseudogenes. 
B)  orthologs. 
C)  paralogs. 
D) homologues. 
A) pseudogenes. 
B)  orthologs. 
C)  paralogs. 
D) homologues.

Question 18

What type of genes would be most likely to exhibit different expression patterns between humans and non-human primates, such as gorillas?

Accepted Answer

A) Genes controlling brain development. 
B) Genes controlling mammary gland development. 
C) Genes controlling lung development. 
D) Genes controlling heart development. 
A) Genes controlling brain development. 
B) Genes controlling mammary gland development. 
C) Genes controlling lung development. 
D) Genes controlling heart development.

Question 19

Choose the most influential contributing factor to the reduced sense of smell in humans compared with the other great apes.

Accepted Answer

A) pseudogenes 
B) conservation of synteny 
C) aneuploidy 
D) one more chromosome in humans compared to the other great apes 
A) pseudogenes 
B) conservation of synteny 
C) aneuploidy 
D) one more chromosome in humans compared to the other great apes

Question 20

Many genes in the human genome are no longer expressed because mutations have introduced stop codons within the coding sequence or transposons have disrupted gene function.These genes are now considered

Accepted Answer

A) pseudogenes. 
B) orthologs. 
C) paralogs. 
D) homologues. 
A) pseudogenes. 
B) orthologs. 
C) paralogs. 
D) homologues.

Exam 24: Genome Evolution

Except in rare cases, genes are usually passed from generation to generation within a species.This process is called:

The human genome

The best explanation for the phenotypic differences between humans and chimps despite the great similarities in their gene-coding sequences is

Choose the correct sequence of events involving allopolyploidy that gave rise to modern tobacco.

Today, gene swapping between two species is

Which one of the following statements about horizontal gene transfer is false?

Petrels (a flying and diving seabird) are thought to be one of the closest living relatives to penguins.What type of genes would be most likely to exhibit different expression patterns between these species?

The entire DNA sequence of a species is called its ________________.

Choose the true statement about genome size and gene number in animals.

Genes are found in the same order for large stretches of the X chromosome in the rat and mouse genomes, indicating

Some of the olfactory receptor (OR) genes in humans

Recent research has suggested that some pseudogenes and non-protein-coding DNA code for RNAs that affect transcription of coding regions.This suggests that

Choose the true statement about the human genome and the tiger pufferfish genomes.

Using the sequencing results for genomes from each of the kingdoms, it is currently possible

If a gene is found in different groups, it is said to be

Over long segments of chromosomes, the linear order of mouse and human genes is preserved.This is called conserved ______________.

Gene inactivation is likely to produce

What type of genes would be most likely to exhibit different expression patterns between humans and non-human primates, such as gorillas?

Choose the most influential contributing factor to the reduced sense of smell in humans compared with the other great apes.

Many genes in the human genome are no longer expressed because mutations have introduced stop codons within the coding sequence or transposons have disrupted gene function.These genes are now considered

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