Exam 2: The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

Capillary action is one of the forces that aids water's upward movement in plants.The narrower the diameter of the tube, the farther the water column will rise.Capillary action is a result of water molecules:

Atomic nuclei contain protons and _______.

The number of protons in a given atom is equal to its:

Salt is often used to melt ice on roads during the winter because it lowers the freezing/melting point of water.When salt dissolves in water, individual Na⁺ and Cl^- ions break away from the salt lattice and become surrounded by water molecules.Why would this cause ice to melt?

The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of:

One mole of a substance contains 6.02 x 10²³ molecules.The atomic number of Li is 3 and the atomic mass is approximately 7.If you have three moles of Li, how many grams does it weigh?

Your dog becomes ill and you rush him to the veterinarian's office.A technician draws blood from your dog's leg for a vet-ordered lab test.After a few minutes the lab results are given to the vet, who immediately grabs a bottle from a shelf and begins to fill a syringe with an unknown fluid.You inquire about the fluid, and the vet informs you that the fluid is necessary to manage your dog's metabolic acidosis.Based on the information provided, what is acidosis, and what is the likely effect of the veterinarian's injection?

Dennis had a history of heart disease in his family and was reducing his intake of saturated fats.Saturated means each carbon atom is bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as it can accept.If a carbon were bonded to two carbons, how many hydrogens could it accept?

Water is most dense and thus heaviest at 4 $\degree$ C.At 0 $\degree$ C, ice forms and the ice can float on liquid water.Suppose ice were more dense than water at 0 ^$\degree$ C.What would happen in a lake at this temperature?

To increase the rate of a reaction you could:

Water molecules are attracted to each other due to the opposite charges created by partial charge separations within the molecules.These attractions are called:

Oxygen-16 is abundant and has 8 protons and 8 neutrons.Oxygen-18 has two extra neutrons.These two forms are:

A chemist adds a chemical to pure water and there is a 100 fold increase in the concentration of hydrogen ions.What is the best approximation of the new pH value?

Negatively charged subatomic particles that have almost no mass are called:

The pH of your small intestines is around 7.5 and the pH of your large intestine can be 5.5.As substances travel from the small intestines to the large intestine, what would happen to the H⁺ ion concentration?

All atoms possess the ability to do work.The term that is defined as the ability to do work is:

Nitrogen has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen.As a result you would expect that ammonia (NH₃) molecules can form ____ with each other.

The smallest sub-atomic particle is the ______.

The reaction (H₂ + F₂ $\rightarrow$ 2HF) is an example of a redox reaction.In reality, two half reactions are occurring.The half reaction (H₂ $\rightarrow$ 2H⁺ + 2e^-) is a(n):

Why is it necessary to take special safety precautions when using radioactivity?