Question 1

Use the following figure to answer the question.
 
The molecule shown the figure is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fatty acid 
B)  steroid 
C)  triacylglycerol 
D)  phospholipid 
A)  fatty acid 
B)  steroid 
C)  triacylglycerol 
D)  phospholipid

Question 2

Maltose is a disaccharide that can easily be digested into glucose molecules. The glycosidic linkage between glucose molecules in maltose is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  β 1-4 
B)  α 1-2 
C)  α 1-4 
D)  β 1-2 
A)  β 1-4 
B)  α 1-2 
C)  α 1-4 
D)  β 1-2

Question 3

How do phospholipids interact with water molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  The polar heads avoid water; the nonpolar tails attract water (because water is polar and opposites attract). 
B)  Phospholipids do not interact with water because water is polar and lipids are nonpolar. 
C)  The polar heads interact with water; the nonpolar tails do not. 
D)  Phospholipids dissolve in water. 
A)  The polar heads avoid water; the nonpolar tails attract water (because water is polar and opposites attract). 
B)  Phospholipids do not interact with water because water is polar and lipids are nonpolar. 
C)  The polar heads interact with water; the nonpolar tails do not. 
D)  Phospholipids dissolve in water.

Question 4

The label on a container of margarine lists "hydrogenated vegetable oil" as the major ingredient. Hydrogenated vegetable oil ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is solid at room temperature 
B)  has more "kinks" in the fatty acid chains 
C)  has fewer trans fatty acids 
D)  is less likely to clog arteries 
A)  is solid at room temperature 
B)  has more "kinks" in the fatty acid chains 
C)  has fewer trans fatty acids 
D)  is less likely to clog arteries

Question 5

The following question is based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure.
 
Which of the following molecules is the pentose sugar found in RNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  6 
C)  12 
D)  13 
A)  1 
B)  6 
C)  12 
D)  13

Question 6

The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are in the form. Which of the following could amylase break down?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogen, starch, and amylopectin 
B)  glycogen and cellulose 
C)  cellulose and chitin 
D)  starch, chitin, and cellulose 
A)  glycogen, starch, and amylopectin 
B)  glycogen and cellulose 
C)  cellulose and chitin 
D)  starch, chitin, and cellulose

Question 7

The following question is based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure.
 
Which of the following combinations of molecules illustrated could be linked to form a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, and 11 
B)  3, 7, and 8 
C)  5, 9, and 10 
D)  11, 12, and 13 
A)  1, 2, and 11 
B)  3, 7, and 8 
C)  5, 9, and 10 
D)  11, 12, and 13

Question 8

You have just sequenced a new protein found in mice and observe that sulfur-containing cysteine residues occur at regular intervals. What is the significance of this finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cysteine residues are required for the formation of α helices and β pleated sheets. 
B)  It will be important to include cysteine in the diet of the mice. 
C)  Cysteine residues are involved in disulfide bridges that help form tertiary structure. 
D)  Cysteine causes bends, or angles, to occur in the tertiary structure of proteins. 
A)  Cysteine residues are required for the formation of α helices and β pleated sheets. 
B)  It will be important to include cysteine in the diet of the mice. 
C)  Cysteine residues are involved in disulfide bridges that help form tertiary structure. 
D)  Cysteine causes bends, or angles, to occur in the tertiary structure of proteins.

Question 9

Saturated fats ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are more common in plants than in animals 
B)  have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids 
C)  are generally liquid at room temperature 
D)  contain more hydrogen than unsaturated fats that consist of the same number of carbon atoms 
A)  are more common in plants than in animals 
B)  have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids 
C)  are generally liquid at room temperature 
D)  contain more hydrogen than unsaturated fats that consist of the same number of carbon atoms

Question 10

For lipids to be fluid at room temperature, they should have ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  single bonds only 
B)  a higher number of glycerol molecules 
C)  a higher number of cis double bonds 
D)  a longer carbon chain 
A)  single bonds only 
B)  a higher number of glycerol molecules 
C)  a higher number of cis double bonds 
D)  a longer carbon chain

Question 11

Enzymes that break down DNA catalyze the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would happen to DNA molecules treated with these enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  The two strands of the double helix would separate. 
B)  The phosphodiester linkages of the polynucleotide backbone would be broken. 
C)  The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
D)  All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
A)  The two strands of the double helix would separate. 
B)  The phosphodiester linkages of the polynucleotide backbone would be broken. 
C)  The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars. 
D)  All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.

Question 12

If ¹⁴C-labeled uracil is added to the growth medium of cells, what macromolecules will be labeled?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  RNA 
C)  both DNA and RNA 
D)  polypeptides 
A)  DNA 
B)  RNA 
C)  both DNA and RNA 
D)  polypeptides

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the 5 end of a polynucleotide strand of RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The 5 end has a hydroxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
B)  The 5 end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
C)  The 5 end has phosphate attached to the number 5 carbon of the nitrogenous base. 
D)  The 5 end has a carboxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
A)  The 5 end has a hydroxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
B)  The 5 end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose. 
C)  The 5 end has phosphate attached to the number 5 carbon of the nitrogenous base. 
D)  The 5 end has a carboxyl group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose.

Question 14

The following question is based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure.
 
Which molecule is a saturated fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  5 
C)  8 
D)  9 
A)  1 
B)  5 
C)  8 
D)  9

Question 15

Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

A)  a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group 
B)  a nitrogenous base and a sugar 
C)  a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a sugar 
D)  a sugar and a purine or pyrimidine 
A)  a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group 
B)  a nitrogenous base and a sugar 
C)  a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a sugar 
D)  a sugar and a purine or pyrimidine

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true about proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Denaturation leads to bond disruption, and the molecule turns into liquid 
B)  Denaturation is always irreversible 
C)  Final folded structure can reveal the steps of protein folding 
D)  Some proteins form a complete 3-D structure only when they interact with their targets 
A)  Denaturation leads to bond disruption, and the molecule turns into liquid 
B)  Denaturation is always irreversible 
C)  Final folded structure can reveal the steps of protein folding 
D)  Some proteins form a complete 3-D structure only when they interact with their targets

Question 17

The following question is based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure.
 
Which of the following molecules is a purine nitrogenous base?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  5 
C)  12 
D)  13 
A)  2 
B)  5 
C)  12 
D)  13

Question 18

The molecular formula for glucose is C₆H₁₂O₆. What would be the molecular formula for a polymer made by linking ten glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  C₆₀H₁₂₀O₆₀ 
B)  C₆₀H₁₀₂O₅₁ 
C)  C₆₀H₁₀₀O₅₀ 
D)  C₆₀H₁₁₁O₅₁ 
A)  C₆₀H₁₂₀O₆₀ 
B)  C₆₀H₁₀₂O₅₁ 
C)  C₆₀H₁₀₀O₅₀ 
D)  C₆₀H₁₁₁O₅₁

Question 19

Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the α-glycosidic linkages of starch but not the β-glycosidic linkages of cellulose 
B)  starch monomers are joined by covalent bonds, and cellulose monomers are joined by ionic bonds 
C)  the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is galactose 
D)  Starch is softer than cellulose 
A)  humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the α-glycosidic linkages of starch but not the β-glycosidic linkages of cellulose 
B)  starch monomers are joined by covalent bonds, and cellulose monomers are joined by ionic bonds 
C)  the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is galactose 
D)  Starch is softer than cellulose

Question 20

Which of the following could be responsible for atherosclerosis and should be eliminated from diet for health reasons?

Accepted Answer

A)  butter 
B)  olive oil 
C)  liver and kidney organ meat 
D)  butter, liver, and kidney organ meat 
A)  butter 
B)  olive oil 
C)  liver and kidney organ meat 
D)  butter, liver, and kidney organ meat

Exam 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Use the following figure to answer the question. The molecule shown the figure is a ________.

Maltose is a disaccharide that can easily be digested into glucose molecules. The glycosidic linkage between glucose molecules in maltose is ________.

How do phospholipids interact with water molecules?

The label on a container of margarine lists "hydrogenated vegetable oil" as the major ingredient. Hydrogenated vegetable oil ________.

The following question is based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure. Which of the following molecules is the pentose sugar found in RNA?

The enzyme amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are in the form. Which of the following could amylase break down?

The following question is based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure. Which of the following combinations of molecules illustrated could be linked to form a nucleotide?

You have just sequenced a new protein found in mice and observe that sulfur-containing cysteine residues occur at regular intervals. What is the significance of this finding?

Saturated fats ________.

For lipids to be fluid at room temperature, they should have ________.

Enzymes that break down DNA catalyze the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would happen to DNA molecules treated with these enzymes?

If ¹⁴C-labeled uracil is added to the growth medium of cells, what macromolecules will be labeled?

Which of the following statements about the 5 end of a polynucleotide strand of RNA is correct?

The following question is based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure. Which molecule is a saturated fatty acid?

Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?

Which of the following statements is true about proteins?

The following question is based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure. Which of the following molecules is a purine nitrogenous base?

The molecular formula for glucose is C₆H₁₂O₆. What would be the molecular formula for a polymer made by linking ten glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?

Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because ________.

Which of the following could be responsible for atherosclerosis and should be eliminated from diet for health reasons?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters