Question 1

How many molecules of water are released during the polymerization of a 20 monomer-long cellulose molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 
B)  19 
C)  20 
D)  40 
A)  10 
B)  19 
C)  20 
D)  40

Question 2

The following question is based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure.
 
Which molecule has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and is found in plasma membranes?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  5 
C)  12 
D)  14 
A)  1 
B)  5 
C)  12 
D)  14

Question 3

Homo sapiens have 23 pairs of chromosomes. This implies that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  46 double-stranded DNA molecules are present in each somatic cell 
B)  23 single-stranded DNA molecules are present in each somatic cell 
C)  23 double-stranded DNA molecules are present in each somatic cell 
D)  several hundreds of genes are present on DNA but not on the chromosomes 
A)  46 double-stranded DNA molecules are present in each somatic cell 
B)  23 single-stranded DNA molecules are present in each somatic cell 
C)  23 double-stranded DNA molecules are present in each somatic cell 
D)  several hundreds of genes are present on DNA but not on the chromosomes

Question 4

A glycosidic linkage is analogous to which of the following in proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  an amino group 
B)  a peptide bond 
C)  a disulfide bond 
D)  a β pleated sheet 
A)  an amino group 
B)  a peptide bond 
C)  a disulfide bond 
D)  a β pleated sheet

Question 5

Starch is composed of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  branched amylopectin and branched amylose 
B)  unbranched amylopectin and unbranched amylose 
C)  branched amylopectin and unbranched amylose 
D)  unbranched amylopectin and branched amylose 
A)  branched amylopectin and branched amylose 
B)  unbranched amylopectin and unbranched amylose 
C)  branched amylopectin and unbranched amylose 
D)  unbranched amylopectin and branched amylose

Question 6

Absorbance at Various pH Levels
 
The table represents the results of an experiment where the effects of pH buffers on an enzyme found in saliva (amylase) were studied. A spectrophotometer set at 500 nm was used to measure absorbance at the various pH levels every 20 seconds for 2 minutes. The higher absorbance values would indicate greater enzyme activity. All experiments were conducted at the same temperature.
Which statement correctly identifies the result that the optimum pH for amylase function is 7?

Accepted Answer

A)  The pH with the lowest absorbance values would indicate the optimum pH for amylase since this pH does not affect the structure or function of the protein. 
B)  The pH with the highest absorbance values would indicate the optimum pH for amylase since this pH does not affect the structure or function of the protein. 
C)  At pH 9, the enzyme is denatured and will lose its function, but not its structure. 
D)  At pH 4, the structure of the enzyme will be altered, and the enzyme would not be able to catalyze the reaction. 
A)  The pH with the lowest absorbance values would indicate the optimum pH for amylase since this pH does not affect the structure or function of the protein. 
B)  The pH with the highest absorbance values would indicate the optimum pH for amylase since this pH does not affect the structure or function of the protein. 
C)  At pH 9, the enzyme is denatured and will lose its function, but not its structure. 
D)  At pH 4, the structure of the enzyme will be altered, and the enzyme would not be able to catalyze the reaction.

Question 7

In sickle-cell disease, as a result of a single amino acid change, the mutant hemoglobin tetramers associate with each other and assemble into large fibers. Based on this information alone, we can conclude that sickle-cell hemoglobin exhibits ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  only altered primary structure 
B)  only altered tertiary structure 
C)  only altered quaternary structure 
D)  altered primary structure and altered quaternary structure; the secondary and tertiary structures may or may not be altered 
A)  only altered primary structure 
B)  only altered tertiary structure 
C)  only altered quaternary structure 
D)  altered primary structure and altered quaternary structure; the secondary and tertiary structures may or may not be altered

Question 8

Use the following information to answer the question.
"The native structure of hemoglobin (Hb) comprises of two α and two β subunits, each of which carries a heme group. There appear to be no previous studies that report the in-vitro folding and assembly of Hb from highly unfolded α and β globin in a 'one-pot' reaction. One difficulty that has to be overcome for studies of this kind is the tendency of Hb to aggregate during refolding. This work demonstrates that denaturation of Hb in 40% acetonitrile at pH 10.0 is reversible." (J Am Soc Mass Spectrum 2007, 18, 8-16)
Hemoglobin is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a tertiary protein with two polypeptides 
B)  a quaternary protein with two polypeptides 
C)  a tertiary protein with four polypeptides 
D)  a quaternary protein with four polypeptides 
A)  a tertiary protein with two polypeptides 
B)  a quaternary protein with two polypeptides 
C)  a tertiary protein with four polypeptides 
D)  a quaternary protein with four polypeptides

Question 9

People who are lactose intolerant cannot extract energy from milk because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  they are missing an enzyme 
B)  lactose is too big to be digested by the enzymes 
C)  milk is fermented to a by-product, which cannot be digested 
D)  they are missing the bacteria that can digest lactose 
A)  they are missing an enzyme 
B)  lactose is too big to be digested by the enzymes 
C)  milk is fermented to a by-product, which cannot be digested 
D)  they are missing the bacteria that can digest lactose

Question 10

You disrupt all hydrogen bonds in a protein. What level of structure will be preserved?

Accepted Answer

A)  primary structure 
B)  secondary structure 
C)  tertiary structure 
D)  quaternary structure 
A)  primary structure 
B)  secondary structure 
C)  tertiary structure 
D)  quaternary structure

Exam 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

How many molecules of water are released during the polymerization of a 20 monomer-long cellulose molecule?

The following question is based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure. Which molecule has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and is found in plasma membranes?

Homo sapiens have 23 pairs of chromosomes. This implies that ________.

A glycosidic linkage is analogous to which of the following in proteins?

Starch is composed of ________.

In sickle-cell disease, as a result of a single amino acid change, the mutant hemoglobin tetramers associate with each other and assemble into large fibers. Based on this information alone, we can conclude that sickle-cell hemoglobin exhibits ________.

People who are lactose intolerant cannot extract energy from milk because ________.

You disrupt all hydrogen bonds in a protein. What level of structure will be preserved?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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