Question 1

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dehydration reactions assemble polymers; hydrolysis reactions break polymers apart. 
B)  Dehydration reactions eliminate water from membranes; hydrolysis reactions add water to membranes. 
C)  Dehydration reactions and hydrolysis reactions assemble polymers from monomers. 
D)  Hydrolysis reactions create polymers, and dehydration reactions create monomers. 
A)  Dehydration reactions assemble polymers; hydrolysis reactions break polymers apart. 
B)  Dehydration reactions eliminate water from membranes; hydrolysis reactions add water to membranes. 
C)  Dehydration reactions and hydrolysis reactions assemble polymers from monomers. 
D)  Hydrolysis reactions create polymers, and dehydration reactions create monomers.

Question 2

The following question is based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure.
 
Which of the following pairs of molecules could be joined together by a peptide bond in a dehydration reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 and 3 
B)  7 and 8 
C)  8 and 9 
D)  12 and 13 
A)  2 and 3 
B)  7 and 8 
C)  8 and 9 
D)  12 and 13

Question 3

A molecule with the chemical formula C₆H₁₂O₆ is probably a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fatty acid 
B)  polysaccharide 
C)  nucleic acid 
D)  monosaccharide 
A)  fatty acid 
B)  polysaccharide 
C)  nucleic acid 
D)  monosaccharide

Question 4

Which polysaccharide is an important component in the structure of many animals and fungi?

Accepted Answer

A)  chitin 
B)  cellulose 
C)  amylopectin 
D)  amylose 
A)  chitin 
B)  cellulose 
C)  amylopectin 
D)  amylose

Question 5

Which of the following is a major difference between RNA and DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  type of sugar 
B)  type of phosphate 
C)  type of purines 
D)  type of glycosidic bond 
A)  type of sugar 
B)  type of phosphate 
C)  type of purines 
D)  type of glycosidic bond

Question 6

Misfolding of polypeptides is a serious problem in cells. Which of the following diseases are associated with an accumulation of misfolded polypeptides?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alzheimer's 
B)  Parkinson's 
C)  diabetes mellitus 
D)  Alzheimer's and Parkinson's 
A)  Alzheimer's 
B)  Parkinson's 
C)  diabetes mellitus 
D)  Alzheimer's and Parkinson's

Question 7

Which of the following provides the information necessary to stipulate a protein's 3-D shape?

Accepted Answer

A)  peptide bonds between different amino acids 
B)  sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain 
C)  side chains of various amino acids 
D)  number of water molecules in the vicinity 
A)  peptide bonds between different amino acids 
B)  sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain 
C)  side chains of various amino acids 
D)  number of water molecules in the vicinity

Question 8

In an RNA sample, ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of thiamine may or may not equal the number of adenine 
B)  the number of purine always equals the number of pyrimidine 
C)  the number of thiamine always equals the number of uracil 
D)  the number of purine may or may not equal the number of and pyrimidine 
A)  the number of thiamine may or may not equal the number of adenine 
B)  the number of purine always equals the number of pyrimidine 
C)  the number of thiamine always equals the number of uracil 
D)  the number of purine may or may not equal the number of and pyrimidine

Question 9

A tripeptide has ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  three amino acids and two peptide bonds 
B)  three amino acids and three peptide bonds 
C)  two amino acids and three peptide bonds 
D)  four amino acids and three peptide bonds 
A)  three amino acids and two peptide bonds 
B)  three amino acids and three peptide bonds 
C)  two amino acids and three peptide bonds 
D)  four amino acids and three peptide bonds

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true for lipids?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lipids are true polymers. 
B)  Waxes and pigments are not lipids. 
C)  Lipids mix poorly with water. 
D)  Lipids are true polymers and mix poorly with water. 
A)  Lipids are true polymers. 
B)  Waxes and pigments are not lipids. 
C)  Lipids mix poorly with water. 
D)  Lipids are true polymers and mix poorly with water.

Question 11

Phospholipids and triglycerides both ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  contain serine or some other organic compound 
B)  have three fatty acids 
C)  have a glycerol backbone 
D)  have a phosphate 
A)  contain serine or some other organic compound 
B)  have three fatty acids 
C)  have a glycerol backbone 
D)  have a phosphate

Question 12

What component of amino acid structure varies among different amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  the long carbon-hydrogen tails of the molecule 
B)  the presence of a central C atom 
C)  the components of the R group 
D)  the glycerol molecule that forms the backbone of the amino acid 
A)  the long carbon-hydrogen tails of the molecule 
B)  the presence of a central C atom 
C)  the components of the R group 
D)  the glycerol molecule that forms the backbone of the amino acid

Question 13

In carbohydrates, the ratio of hydrogen (H) to oxygen (O) is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  1:1 
B)  2:1 
C)  3:1 
D)  4:1 
A)  1:1 
B)  2:1 
C)  3:1 
D)  4:1

Question 14

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5′-ATTGCA-3′, the mRNA synthesized following the template will be ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  5′-TAACGT-3′ 
B)  5′-TGCAAT-3′ 
C)  3′-UAACGU-5′ 
D)  5′-UGCAAU-3′ 
A)  5′-TAACGT-3′ 
B)  5′-TGCAAT-3′ 
C)  3′-UAACGU-5′ 
D)  5′-UGCAAU-3′

Question 15

What makes lipids/fats hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

A)  their long carbon skeleton 
B)  the carboxyl group at one end of the molecule 
C)  the glycerol moiety 
D)  presence of relatively nonpolar C-H bonds 
A)  their long carbon skeleton 
B)  the carboxyl group at one end of the molecule 
C)  the glycerol moiety 
D)  presence of relatively nonpolar C-H bonds

Question 16

One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  transmit genetic information to offspring 
B)  function in the synthesis of proteins 
C)  make a copy of itself, thus ensuring genetic continuity 
D)  act as a pattern or blueprint to form DNA 
A)  transmit genetic information to offspring 
B)  function in the synthesis of proteins 
C)  make a copy of itself, thus ensuring genetic continuity 
D)  act as a pattern or blueprint to form DNA

Question 17

Which of the following categories includes all others in the list?

Accepted Answer

A)  disaccharide 
B)  polysaccharide 
C)  starch 
D)  carbohydrate 
A)  disaccharide 
B)  polysaccharide 
C)  starch 
D)  carbohydrate

Question 18

The relation between amino acid and polypeptide is similar to the relation between ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleotide and nucleic acid 
B)  triglycerides and steroids 
C)  phospholipid and plasma membrane 
D)  glycogen and glucose 
A)  nucleotide and nucleic acid 
B)  triglycerides and steroids 
C)  phospholipid and plasma membrane 
D)  glycogen and glucose

Question 19

Which of the following is true of unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are more common in animals than in plants. 
B)  They have double bonds in their fatty acid chains. 
C)  They generally solidify at room temperature. 
D)  They contain more hydrogen than do saturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms. 
A)  They are more common in animals than in plants. 
B)  They have double bonds in their fatty acid chains. 
C)  They generally solidify at room temperature. 
D)  They contain more hydrogen than do saturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms.

Question 20

The molecular formula for glucose is C₆H₁₂O₆. What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  C₁₈H₃₆O₁₈ 
B)  C₁₈H₃₂O₁₆ 
C)  C₆H₁₀O₅ 
D)  C₁₈H₃₀O₁₅ 
A)  C₁₈H₃₆O₁₈ 
B)  C₁₈H₃₂O₁₆ 
C)  C₆H₁₀O₅ 
D)  C₁₈H₃₀O₁₅

Exam 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?

The following question is based on the 15 molecules illustrated in the figure. Which of the following pairs of molecules could be joined together by a peptide bond in a dehydration reaction?

A molecule with the chemical formula C₆H₁₂O₆ is probably a ________.

Which polysaccharide is an important component in the structure of many animals and fungi?

Which of the following is a major difference between RNA and DNA?

Misfolding of polypeptides is a serious problem in cells. Which of the following diseases are associated with an accumulation of misfolded polypeptides?

Which of the following provides the information necessary to stipulate a protein's 3-D shape?

In an RNA sample, ________.

A tripeptide has ________.

Which of the following statements is true for lipids?

Phospholipids and triglycerides both ________.

What component of amino acid structure varies among different amino acids?

In carbohydrates, the ratio of hydrogen (H) to oxygen (O) is ________.

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5′-ATTGCA-3′, the mRNA synthesized following the template will be ________.

What makes lipids/fats hydrophobic?

One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to ________.

Which of the following categories includes all others in the list?

The relation between amino acid and polypeptide is similar to the relation between ________.

Which of the following is true of unsaturated fats?

The molecular formula for glucose is C₆H₁₂O₆. What would be the molecular formula for a molecule made by linking three glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters