Question 1

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, and chimps have 24 pairs of chromosomes. What is the most likely explanation for these differences in human and chimp genomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  The common ancestor of humans and chimps had 24 pairs of chromosomes. During human evolution, two human chromosomes fused end to end. 
B)  In the evolution of chimps, new adaptations resulted from additional chromosomal material. 
C)  At some point in evolution, human and chimp ancestors reproduced with each other. 
D)  Errors in mitosis resulted in an additional pair of chromosomes in chimps. 
A)  The common ancestor of humans and chimps had 24 pairs of chromosomes. During human evolution, two human chromosomes fused end to end. 
B)  In the evolution of chimps, new adaptations resulted from additional chromosomal material. 
C)  At some point in evolution, human and chimp ancestors reproduced with each other. 
D)  Errors in mitosis resulted in an additional pair of chromosomes in chimps.

Question 2

Why is sequencing of eukaryotic genomes more difficult than sequencing genomes of bacteria or archaea?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is due to the large size of eukaryotic proteins. 
B)  Eukaryotic genomes contain sequences for hard-to-find proteins. 
C)  There is a high proportion of G-C base pairs in eukaryotic DNA, which makes sequencing difficult to complete. 
D)  The large size of eukaryotic genomes and the large amount of eukaryotic repetitive DNA make sequencing difficult. 
A)  It is due to the large size of eukaryotic proteins. 
B)  Eukaryotic genomes contain sequences for hard-to-find proteins. 
C)  There is a high proportion of G-C base pairs in eukaryotic DNA, which makes sequencing difficult to complete. 
D)  The large size of eukaryotic genomes and the large amount of eukaryotic repetitive DNA make sequencing difficult.

Question 3

After finding a new medicinal plant, a pharmaceutical company decides to determine if the plant has genes similar to those of other known medicinal plants. What would annotation of the genome of this plant allow the company to determine?

Accepted Answer

A)  what proteins are produced by the plant 
B)  what mRNA transcripts are produced by the plant 
C)  identify genes and determine their functions 
D)  identify the location of mRNA within the plant cells 
A)  what proteins are produced by the plant 
B)  what mRNA transcripts are produced by the plant 
C)  identify genes and determine their functions 
D)  identify the location of mRNA within the plant cells

Question 4

Why is it more difficult to identify eukaryotic genes than prokaryotic genes using genomic techniques?

Accepted Answer

A)  The proteins are larger in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes. 
B)  The coding portions of genes in eukaryotes are shorter than in prokaryotes. 
C)  There are no start codons in eukaryotic genes. 
D)  There are introns in eukaryotic genes. 
A)  The proteins are larger in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes. 
B)  The coding portions of genes in eukaryotes are shorter than in prokaryotes. 
C)  There are no start codons in eukaryotic genes. 
D)  There are introns in eukaryotic genes.

Exam 21: Genomes and Their Evolution

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, and chimps have 24 pairs of chromosomes. What is the most likely explanation for these differences in human and chimp genomes?

Why is sequencing of eukaryotic genomes more difficult than sequencing genomes of bacteria or archaea?

After finding a new medicinal plant, a pharmaceutical company decides to determine if the plant has genes similar to those of other known medicinal plants. What would annotation of the genome of this plant allow the company to determine?

Why is it more difficult to identify eukaryotic genes than prokaryotic genes using genomic techniques?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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