Exam 40: Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

An animal's inputs of energy and materials would exceed its outputs

There are advantages and disadvantages to adaptations. Animals that are endothermic are likely to be at the greatest disadvantage in ________.

The metamorphosis of a tadpole to an adult frog involves a thorough reconstruction of the animal's body. All of the structural and physiological changes must be complete or the frog will not survive this transformation. Which type of regulation would ensure that the animal completed its transformation?

Independent of whether an organism is an endotherm or ectoderm, the least reliable indicator of an animal's metabolic rate is the amount of ________.

The panting responses observed in overheated birds and mammals dissipate excess heat by ________.

Use the figure to answer the following question. The countercurrent arrangement of blood vessels is an adaptation that allows the goose to ________.

Connective tissues typically have ________.

An elephant and a mouse are running in full sunlight, and both overheat by the same amount above their normal body temperatures. When they move into the shade and rest, which animal will cool down faster?

Interstitial fluid is ________.

Much of the coordination of vertebrate body functions via chemical signals is accomplished by the ________.

Consider the energy budgets for a human, an elephant, a penguin, a mouse, and a snake. The ________ would have the highest total annual energy expenditure, and the ________ would have the highest energy expenditure per unit mass.

You are studying a large tropical reptile that has a high and relatively stable body temperature. How would you determine whether this animal is an endotherm or an ectotherm?

An example of an ectothermic organism that has few or no behavioral options when it comes to its ability to adjust its body temperature is a ________.

All animals, whether large or small, have ________.

Bone consists of ________.

You have a cube of modeling clay in your hands. Which of the following changes to the shape of this cube of clay will decrease its surface area relative to its volume?

Blood is best classified as connective tissue because ________.

Use the figure to answer the following question. The thin horizontal arrows in the figure above show that the ________.

Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) are born in freshwater environments and then migrate to the sea. Near the end of their lives, they return to the freshwater stream where they were born to spawn. In fresh water, water constantly diffuses into the body and ions are lost from the body. In salt water, body water diffuses out of the body and excess ions are gained from the water. A salmon's gills have special cells to pump salt in or out of the body to maintain homeostasis. In response to the salmon's moves between fresh water and salt water, some cells in the gills are produced and others are destroyed. These changes made in the cells of the gills during the lifetime of an individual salmon are an example of which of the following?

What is the name of the epithelial cell surface that faces the outside of an organ?