Question 1

Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  connective tissue 
B)  smooth muscle cells 
C)  neural tissue 
D)  epithelial tissue 
A)  connective tissue 
B)  smooth muscle cells 
C)  neural tissue 
D)  epithelial tissue

Question 2

In a cool environment, an ectotherm is more likely to survive an extended period of food deprivation than would an equally sized endotherm because the ectotherm ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  maintains a higher basal metabolic rate 
B)  expends more energy per kilogram of body mass than does the endotherm 
C)  invests little energy in temperature regulation 
D)  has greater insulation on its body surface 
A)  maintains a higher basal metabolic rate 
B)  expends more energy per kilogram of body mass than does the endotherm 
C)  invests little energy in temperature regulation 
D)  has greater insulation on its body surface

Question 3

If a person were to travel to a time zone that was several hours ahead of their own, they may experience tiredness known as jet lag. Jet lag is due to a disruption of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  homeostasis 
B)  circadian rhythm 
C)  body temperature 
D)  nerve impulses 
A)  homeostasis 
B)  circadian rhythm 
C)  body temperature 
D)  nerve impulses

Question 4

Which of the following would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  feathers or fur 
B)  vasoconstriction 
C)  wind blowing across the body surface 
D)  blubber or fat layer 
A)  feathers or fur 
B)  vasoconstriction 
C)  wind blowing across the body surface 
D)  blubber or fat layer

Question 5

Which of the following animals uses the largest percentage of its energy budget for homeostatic regulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  marine jelly (an invertebrate) 
B)  snake in a temperate forest 
C)  desert insect 
D)  desert bird 
A)  marine jelly (an invertebrate) 
B)  snake in a temperate forest 
C)  desert insect 
D)  desert bird

Question 6

Most types of communication between cells utilize ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the exchange of cytosol between the cells 
B)  the movement of the cells 
C)  chemical or electrical signals 
D)  the exchange of DNA between the cells 
A)  the exchange of cytosol between the cells 
B)  the movement of the cells 
C)  chemical or electrical signals 
D)  the exchange of DNA between the cells

Question 7

The temperature-regulating center of vertebrate animals is located in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  thyroid gland 
B)  hypothalamus 
C)  subcutaneous layer of the skin 
D)  liver 
A)  thyroid gland 
B)  hypothalamus 
C)  subcutaneous layer of the skin 
D)  liver

Question 8

You are studying a large tropical reptile that has a high and relatively stable body temperature. How do you determine whether this animal is an endotherm or an ectotherm?

Accepted Answer

A)  You know from its high and stable body temperature that it must be an endotherm. 
B)  You subject this reptile to various temperatures in the lab and find that its body temperature and metabolic rate change with the ambient temperature. You conclude that it is an ectotherm. 
C)  You note that its environment has a high and stable temperature. Because its body temperature matches the environmental temperature, you conclude that it is an ectotherm. 
D)  You measure the metabolic rate of the reptile, and because it is higher than that of a related species that lives in temperate forests, you conclude that this reptile is an endotherm and its relative is an ectotherm. 
A)  You know from its high and stable body temperature that it must be an endotherm. 
B)  You subject this reptile to various temperatures in the lab and find that its body temperature and metabolic rate change with the ambient temperature. You conclude that it is an ectotherm. 
C)  You note that its environment has a high and stable temperature. Because its body temperature matches the environmental temperature, you conclude that it is an ectotherm. 
D)  You measure the metabolic rate of the reptile, and because it is higher than that of a related species that lives in temperate forests, you conclude that this reptile is an endotherm and its relative is an ectotherm.

Question 9

Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has

Accepted Answer

A)  less surface area. 
B)  less surface area per unit of volume. 
C)  the same surface-area-to-volume ratio. 
D)  a smaller cytoplasm-to-nucleus ratio. 
A)  less surface area. 
B)  less surface area per unit of volume. 
C)  the same surface-area-to-volume ratio. 
D)  a smaller cytoplasm-to-nucleus ratio.

Question 10

Penguins, seals, and tuna have body forms that permit rapid swimming, because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  all share a recent common ancestor 
B)  all of their bodies have been compressed since birth by intensive underwater pressures 
C)  the shape is a convergent evolutionary solution, which reduces drag while swimming 
D)  this is the only shape that will allow them to maintain a constant body temperature in water 
A)  all share a recent common ancestor 
B)  all of their bodies have been compressed since birth by intensive underwater pressures 
C)  the shape is a convergent evolutionary solution, which reduces drag while swimming 
D)  this is the only shape that will allow them to maintain a constant body temperature in water

Question 11

In mammals, GH (growth hormone) is an endocrine signal that stimulates repair and growth of various tissues. Which of the following would be required for a tissue to respond to growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of a growth hormone receptor on the responding tissue 
B)  the responding tissue must be muscle 
C)  nerve cells must attach to the responding tissue for growth hormone to work 
D)  a voltage change must occur 
A)  the presence of a growth hormone receptor on the responding tissue 
B)  the responding tissue must be muscle 
C)  nerve cells must attach to the responding tissue for growth hormone to work 
D)  a voltage change must occur

Question 12

Use the graph to answer the following question.
 
What can you determine from the graph?

Accepted Answer

A)  A smaller animal would consume less food per gram of tissue. 
B)  An animal with a larger mass has a lower metabolic rate per gram of tissue relative to an animal with smaller mass. 
C)  An elephant uses more energy than a shrew. 
D)  A shrew uses more energy than an elephant. 
A)  A smaller animal would consume less food per gram of tissue. 
B)  An animal with a larger mass has a lower metabolic rate per gram of tissue relative to an animal with smaller mass. 
C)  An elephant uses more energy than a shrew. 
D)  A shrew uses more energy than an elephant.

Question 13

Organisms maintain dynamic homeostasis through behavioral and physiological mechanisms. Which of the following statements is an accurate explanation of a negative feedback mechanism used by animals to regulate body temperature?

Accepted Answer

A)  Squirrels are able to cool themselves during warmer months by producing more brown fat, which contains abundant mitochondria and a rich blood supply. 
B)  Desert jackrabbits have unusually large ears that serve as solar heat collectors to enable them to maintain their body temperatures. 
C)  A ground squirrel's hypothalamus detects changes in environmental temperatures and responds by activating or suppressing metabolic heat production. 
D)  A goldfish slows its movements when the water temperature is lower. 
A)  Squirrels are able to cool themselves during warmer months by producing more brown fat, which contains abundant mitochondria and a rich blood supply. 
B)  Desert jackrabbits have unusually large ears that serve as solar heat collectors to enable them to maintain their body temperatures. 
C)  A ground squirrel's hypothalamus detects changes in environmental temperatures and responds by activating or suppressing metabolic heat production. 
D)  A goldfish slows its movements when the water temperature is lower.

Question 14

In many animals, fat is stored in specialized cells in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  bone 
B)  muscle 
C)  adipose tissue 
D)  blood 
A)  bone 
B)  muscle 
C)  adipose tissue 
D)  blood

Question 15

What would be an advantage for an animal that conforms to a changing environmental condition, such as temperature?

Accepted Answer

A)  The animal's internal temperature would remain constant, even though the external temperature had changed. 
B)  The animal's internal temperature would change opposite to the change in the external temperature. 
C)  The animal would spend more time looking for food. 
D)  The animal would spend less energy regulating its internal temperature. 
A)  The animal's internal temperature would remain constant, even though the external temperature had changed. 
B)  The animal's internal temperature would change opposite to the change in the external temperature. 
C)  The animal would spend more time looking for food. 
D)  The animal would spend less energy regulating its internal temperature.

Question 16

Which of the following would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  feathers or fur 
B)  vasoconstriction 
C)  wind blowing across the body surface 
D)  countercurrent heat exchanger 
A)  feathers or fur 
B)  vasoconstriction 
C)  wind blowing across the body surface 
D)  countercurrent heat exchanger

Question 17

The migratory eel, Anguilla rostrata, is born and lives the juvenile (immature) part of its life in a freshwater environment, but then migrates thousands of miles through the ocean as an adult in order to breed. These eels are known to regulate their internal water and salt balance. What adaptations would you expect this eel to have in order to transition from fresh water to salt water at these two life stages?

Accepted Answer

A)  The juvenile eels would be better at removing salt from their bodies compared to adults. 
B)  The adult eels would be better at removing salt from their bodies compared to juveniles. 
C)  The juvenile eels would spend energy keeping water in their bodies. 
D)  The adult eels would spend energy keeping salt in their bodies. 
A)  The juvenile eels would be better at removing salt from their bodies compared to adults. 
B)  The adult eels would be better at removing salt from their bodies compared to juveniles. 
C)  The juvenile eels would spend energy keeping water in their bodies. 
D)  The adult eels would spend energy keeping salt in their bodies.

Question 18

To prepare flight muscles for use on a cool morning, hawkmoths ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  relax the muscles completely until after they launch themselves into the air 
B)  decrease their standard metabolic rate 
C)  rapidly contract and relax these muscles to generate metabolic warmth 
D)  reduce the metabolic rate of the muscles to rest them before flight 
A)  relax the muscles completely until after they launch themselves into the air 
B)  decrease their standard metabolic rate 
C)  rapidly contract and relax these muscles to generate metabolic warmth 
D)  reduce the metabolic rate of the muscles to rest them before flight

Question 19

Which principle of heat exchange is the most important explanation for why birds look larger in colder weather because they fluff their feathers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fluffing feathers results in less cooling by radiation because feathers emit less infrared radiation than other tissues do. 
B)  Fluffing decreases the amount of heat lost by conduction when the bird makes contact with cold objects in its environment. 
C)  Fluffing creates a pocket of air near the bird that acts as insulation. 
D)  Fluffing decreases the surface-area-to-volume ratio, thus decreasing the amount of heat lost to the environment. 
A)  Fluffing feathers results in less cooling by radiation because feathers emit less infrared radiation than other tissues do. 
B)  Fluffing decreases the amount of heat lost by conduction when the bird makes contact with cold objects in its environment. 
C)  Fluffing creates a pocket of air near the bird that acts as insulation. 
D)  Fluffing decreases the surface-area-to-volume ratio, thus decreasing the amount of heat lost to the environment.

Question 20

The metabolic rate of an animal is most accurately determined by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the amount of work done by an animal 
B)  the amount of food consumed during a meal 
C)  the amount of carbon dioxide produced by an animal in a given time. 
D)  the amount of energy used by an animal in a given time 
A)  the amount of work done by an animal 
B)  the amount of food consumed during a meal 
C)  the amount of carbon dioxide produced by an animal in a given time. 
D)  the amount of energy used by an animal in a given time

Exam 40: Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with ________.

In a cool environment, an ectotherm is more likely to survive an extended period of food deprivation than would an equally sized endotherm because the ectotherm ________.

If a person were to travel to a time zone that was several hours ahead of their own, they may experience tiredness known as jet lag. Jet lag is due to a disruption of ________.

Which of the following would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

Which of the following animals uses the largest percentage of its energy budget for homeostatic regulation?

Most types of communication between cells utilize ________.

The temperature-regulating center of vertebrate animals is located in the ________.

You are studying a large tropical reptile that has a high and relatively stable body temperature. How do you determine whether this animal is an endotherm or an ectotherm?

Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has

Penguins, seals, and tuna have body forms that permit rapid swimming, because ________.

In mammals, GH (growth hormone) is an endocrine signal that stimulates repair and growth of various tissues. Which of the following would be required for a tissue to respond to growth hormone?

Use the graph to answer the following question. What can you determine from the graph?

Organisms maintain dynamic homeostasis through behavioral and physiological mechanisms. Which of the following statements is an accurate explanation of a negative feedback mechanism used by animals to regulate body temperature?

In many animals, fat is stored in specialized cells in the ________.

What would be an advantage for an animal that conforms to a changing environmental condition, such as temperature?

Which of the following would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

To prepare flight muscles for use on a cool morning, hawkmoths ________.

Which principle of heat exchange is the most important explanation for why birds look larger in colder weather because they fluff their feathers?

The metabolic rate of an animal is most accurately determined by ________.

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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