Question 1

Codominance occurs when the two alleles both have significant effects, making both alleles detectable in heterozygotes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Polygenic inheritance is proof of parental traits blending in the next generation according to the blending theory of inheritance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Suppose that at least one of your parents has Huntington's disease, which is caused by a dominant allele. What are the odds of you inheriting the disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  100% 
B)  75% 
C)  50% 
D)  25% 
A)  100% 
B)  75% 
C)  50% 
D)  25%

Question 4

Explain why human height appears to be a mixture of parental phenotypes when in fact height is genetically based.

Accepted Answer

Human height is a result of polygenic in

Question 5

Gregor Mendel was trained in many academic disciplines. Which two were the most important to the development of his genetic theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  religion and mathematics 
B)  mathematics and botany 
C)  religion and botany 
D)  mathematics and zoology 
A)  religion and mathematics 
B)  mathematics and botany 
C)  religion and botany 
D)  mathematics and zoology

Question 6

Match each term with its correct definition.
-monohybrid

Accepted Answer

A) displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations 
B) first generation of offspring from a parental cross 
C) true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross 
D) result of a cross between two first-generation organisms 
E) allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
F)allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
G)any organism with two identical copies of an allele
H)any organism with two different forms of an allele
I)F1 heterozygote (for a single trait)
J)genetic makeup of an organism
K)physical traits of an organism
L)likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
M)organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
N)where an allele is found on a chromosome
O)when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
P)alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
Q)several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
R)single allele has multiple phenotypic effects 
A) displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations 
B) first generation of offspring from a parental cross 
C) true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross 
D) result of a cross between two first-generation organisms 
E) allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
F)allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
G)any organism with two identical copies of an allele
H)any organism with two different forms of an allele
I)F1 heterozygote (for a single trait)
J)genetic makeup of an organism
K)physical traits of an organism
L)likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
M)organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
N)where an allele is found on a chromosome
O)when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
P)alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
Q)several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
R)single allele has multiple phenotypic effects

Question 7

Suppose that pigmentation of a Labrador retriever's fur is subject to epistasis of the B alleles by the e alleles. B (black) is dominant over b (chocolate brown). E is dominant over E.Homozygous e is epistatic to the black and chocolate-brown genes. Given this information, what will result from a F1 dihybrid cross between two dogs?

Accepted Answer

A)  9/16 black, 6/16 brown, 1/16 yellow 
B)  9/16 black, 3/16 brown, 4/16 yellow 
C)  9/16 yellow, 6/16 brown, 1/16 black 
D)  9/16 yellow, 3/16 brown, 4/16 black 
A)  9/16 black, 6/16 brown, 1/16 yellow 
B)  9/16 black, 3/16 brown, 4/16 yellow 
C)  9/16 yellow, 6/16 brown, 1/16 black 
D)  9/16 yellow, 3/16 brown, 4/16 black

Question 8

Match each term with its correct definition.
-P generation

Accepted Answer

A) displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations 
B) first generation of offspring from a parental cross 
C) true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross 
D) result of a cross between two first-generation organisms 
E) allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
F)allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
G)any organism with two identical copies of an allele
H)any organism with two different forms of an allele
I)F1 heterozygote (for a single trait)
J)genetic makeup of an organism
K)physical traits of an organism
L)likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
M)organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
N)where an allele is found on a chromosome
O)when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
P)alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
Q)several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
R)single allele has multiple phenotypic effects 
A) displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations 
B) first generation of offspring from a parental cross 
C) true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross 
D) result of a cross between two first-generation organisms 
E) allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
F)allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
G)any organism with two identical copies of an allele
H)any organism with two different forms of an allele
I)F1 heterozygote (for a single trait)
J)genetic makeup of an organism
K)physical traits of an organism
L)likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
M)organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
N)where an allele is found on a chromosome
O)when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
P)alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
Q)several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
R)single allele has multiple phenotypic effects

Question 9

Match each term with its correct definition.
-dominant

Accepted Answer

A) displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations 
B) first generation of offspring from a parental cross 
C) true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross 
D) result of a cross between two first-generation organisms 
E) allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
F)allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
G)any organism with two identical copies of an allele
H)any organism with two different forms of an allele
I)F1 heterozygote (for a single trait)
J)genetic makeup of an organism
K)physical traits of an organism
L)likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
M)organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
N)where an allele is found on a chromosome
O)when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
P)alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
Q)several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
R)single allele has multiple phenotypic effects 
A) displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations 
B) first generation of offspring from a parental cross 
C) true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross 
D) result of a cross between two first-generation organisms 
E) allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
F)allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
G)any organism with two identical copies of an allele
H)any organism with two different forms of an allele
I)F1 heterozygote (for a single trait)
J)genetic makeup of an organism
K)physical traits of an organism
L)likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
M)organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
N)where an allele is found on a chromosome
O)when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
P)alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
Q)several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
R)single allele has multiple phenotypic effects

Question 10

Which of the following shows an F1 monohybrid cross?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rr × Rr 
B)  RRMM × rrmm 
C)  rr × RR 
D)  RrMM × Rrmm 
A)  Rr × Rr 
B)  RRMM × rrmm 
C)  rr × RR 
D)  RrMM × Rrmm

Question 11

Suppose your mother has cystic fibrosis, which is caused by a recessive allele, but your father has a normal phenotype. However, all of your father's siblings have cystic fibrosis. What are the odds of you inheriting the disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  1 in 2 
C)  3 in 4 
D)  1 
A)  0 
B)  1 in 2 
C)  3 in 4 
D)  1

Question 12

Suppose you have type O blood (genotype ii). To whom can you safely donate blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  to people with type O only 
B)  to people with type A only 
C)  to people with types A, B, and O 
D)  to people with type B only 
A)  to people with type O only 
B)  to people with type A only 
C)  to people with types A, B, and O 
D)  to people with type B only

Question 13

Suppose the pigmentation of a Labrador retriever's fur is subject to epistasis of the B alleles by the e alleles. B (black) is dominant over b (chocolate brown). E is dominant over E.Homozygous e is epistatic to the black and chocolate genes. Given this information, what genotype would give a yellow (or "golden") retriever?

Accepted Answer

A)  BBee 
B)  BBEe 
C)  BbEe 
D)  bbEE 
A)  BBee 
B)  BBEe 
C)  BbEe 
D)  bbEE

Question 14

Match each term with its correct definition.
-heterozygous

Accepted Answer

A) displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations 
B) first generation of offspring from a parental cross 
C) true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross 
D) result of a cross between two first-generation organisms 
E) allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
F)allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
G)any organism with two identical copies of an allele
H)any organism with two different forms of an allele
I)F1 heterozygote (for a single trait)
J)genetic makeup of an organism
K)physical traits of an organism
L)likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
M)organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
N)where an allele is found on a chromosome
O)when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
P)alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
Q)several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
R)single allele has multiple phenotypic effects 
A) displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations 
B) first generation of offspring from a parental cross 
C) true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross 
D) result of a cross between two first-generation organisms 
E) allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
F)allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
G)any organism with two identical copies of an allele
H)any organism with two different forms of an allele
I)F1 heterozygote (for a single trait)
J)genetic makeup of an organism
K)physical traits of an organism
L)likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
M)organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
N)where an allele is found on a chromosome
O)when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
P)alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
Q)several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
R)single allele has multiple phenotypic effects

Question 15

Which of the following conditions is subject to epistasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin resistance 
B)  cystic fibrosis 
C)  sickle cell disease 
D)  albinism 
A)  insulin resistance 
B)  cystic fibrosis 
C)  sickle cell disease 
D)  albinism

Question 16

A testcross always uses a homozygous recessive organism as one parent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The environment can impact the phenotype encoded by polygenic inheritance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Suppose that your father is heterozygous for sickle cell disease. Suppose also that you know your mom has two "good" alleles. What is the probability that you will have the disorder and/or carry the "bad" allele and be able to pass it on to your children?

Accepted Answer

A)  0% for you, and you do not need to worry about passing the "bad" allele on to your children 
B)  0% for you, and a possibility of passing it on to your children 
C)  25% for you, and 25% for your children 
D)  50% for you, and 50% for your children 
A)  0% for you, and you do not need to worry about passing the "bad" allele on to your children 
B)  0% for you, and a possibility of passing it on to your children 
C)  25% for you, and 25% for your children 
D)  50% for you, and 50% for your children

Question 19

Match each term with its correct definition.
-epistasis

Accepted Answer

A) displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations 
B) first generation of offspring from a parental cross 
C) true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross 
D) result of a cross between two first-generation organisms 
E) allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
F)allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
G)any organism with two identical copies of an allele
H)any organism with two different forms of an allele
I)F1 heterozygote (for a single trait)
J)genetic makeup of an organism
K)physical traits of an organism
L)likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
M)organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
N)where an allele is found on a chromosome
O)when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
P)alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
Q)several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
R)single allele has multiple phenotypic effects 
A) displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations 
B) first generation of offspring from a parental cross 
C) true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross 
D) result of a cross between two first-generation organisms 
E) allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
F)allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
G)any organism with two identical copies of an allele
H)any organism with two different forms of an allele
I)F1 heterozygote (for a single trait)
J)genetic makeup of an organism
K)physical traits of an organism
L)likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
M)organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
N)where an allele is found on a chromosome
O)when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
P)alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
Q)several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
R)single allele has multiple phenotypic effects

Question 20

Match each term with its correct definition.
-F1 generation

Accepted Answer

A) displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations 
B) first generation of offspring from a parental cross 
C) true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross 
D) result of a cross between two first-generation organisms 
E) allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
F)allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
G)any organism with two identical copies of an allele
H)any organism with two different forms of an allele
I)F1 heterozygote (for a single trait)
J)genetic makeup of an organism
K)physical traits of an organism
L)likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
M)organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
N)where an allele is found on a chromosome
O)when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
P)alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
Q)several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
R)single allele has multiple phenotypic effects 
A) displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations 
B) first generation of offspring from a parental cross 
C) true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross 
D) result of a cross between two first-generation organisms 
E) allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
F)allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
G)any organism with two identical copies of an allele
H)any organism with two different forms of an allele
I)F1 heterozygote (for a single trait)
J)genetic makeup of an organism
K)physical traits of an organism
L)likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
M)organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
N)where an allele is found on a chromosome
O)when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
P)alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
Q)several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
R)single allele has multiple phenotypic effects

Exam 9: The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelian Inheritance

Codominance occurs when the two alleles both have significant effects, making both alleles detectable in heterozygotes.

Polygenic inheritance is proof of parental traits blending in the next generation according to the blending theory of inheritance.

Suppose that at least one of your parents has Huntington's disease, which is caused by a dominant allele. What are the odds of you inheriting the disorder?

Explain why human height appears to be a mixture of parental phenotypes when in fact height is genetically based.

Gregor Mendel was trained in many academic disciplines. Which two were the most important to the development of his genetic theories?

Match each term with its correct definition. -monohybrid

Match each term with its correct definition. -P generation

Match each term with its correct definition. -dominant

Which of the following shows an F1 monohybrid cross?

Suppose your mother has cystic fibrosis, which is caused by a recessive allele, but your father has a normal phenotype. However, all of your father's siblings have cystic fibrosis. What are the odds of you inheriting the disease?

Suppose you have type O blood (genotype ii). To whom can you safely donate blood?

Match each term with its correct definition. -heterozygous

Which of the following conditions is subject to epistasis?

A testcross always uses a homozygous recessive organism as one parent.

The environment can impact the phenotype encoded by polygenic inheritance.

Suppose that your father is heterozygous for sickle cell disease. Suppose also that you know your mom has two "good" alleles. What is the probability that you will have the disorder and/or carry the "bad" allele and be able to pass it on to your children?

Match each term with its correct definition. -epistasis

Match each term with its correct definition. -F1 generation

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

Genetic Linkage, Sex-Linkage, and Other Non-Mendelian Inheritance Mechanisms

DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair

Gene Structure Expression, and Mutation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

Systematics and Phylogenetics: Revealing the Tree of Life

Humans and Evolution

Defining Life and Its Origins

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Conservation of Biodiversity

Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Animal Behaviour

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Internal Transport: the Circulatory System

Regulation of the Internal Environment: Water, Solutes, and Temperature

Control of Animal Processes: Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Filters

Which of the following shows an F₁ monohybrid cross?

Match each term with its correct definition. -F₁ generation