Question 1

Match each term with its correct definition.
-probability

Accepted Answer

A) displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations 
B) first generation of offspring from a parental cross 
C) true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross 
D) result of a cross between two first-generation organisms 
E) allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
F)allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
G)any organism with two identical copies of an allele
H)any organism with two different forms of an allele
I)F1 heterozygote (for a single trait)
J)genetic makeup of an organism
K)physical traits of an organism
L)likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
M)organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
N)where an allele is found on a chromosome
O)when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
P)alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
Q)several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
R)single allele has multiple phenotypic effects 
A) displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations 
B) first generation of offspring from a parental cross 
C) true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross 
D) result of a cross between two first-generation organisms 
E) allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
F)allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
G)any organism with two identical copies of an allele
H)any organism with two different forms of an allele
I)F1 heterozygote (for a single trait)
J)genetic makeup of an organism
K)physical traits of an organism
L)likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
M)organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
N)where an allele is found on a chromosome
O)when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
P)alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
Q)several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
R)single allele has multiple phenotypic effects

Question 2

Which of the following mathematical expressions represents the sum rule, which can be used to determine the probability of either event X or event Y occurring if they CANNOT occur simultaneously? (In the equations below, Px means probability of event X; Py means probability of event Y.)

Accepted Answer

A)  = (Px)2 + (Py)2 
B)  = Px + Py 
C)  = PxPy 
D)  = (Px + Py)2 
A)  = (Px)2 + (Py)2 
B)  = Px + Py 
C)  = PxPy 
D)  = (Px + Py)2

Question 3

Suppose you have type A blood (genotype IAi). To whom can you safely donate blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  to people with type A only 
B)  to people with type AB only 
C)  to people with type O only 
D)  to people with types A and AB 
A)  to people with type A only 
B)  to people with type AB only 
C)  to people with type O only 
D)  to people with types A and AB

Question 4

Mendel studied what he called characters and traits. What terms do we use today that have the same meaning?

Accepted Answer

A)  alleles and genes 
B)  homozygous and heterozygous 
C)  diploid and haploid 
D)  genotype and phenotype 
A)  alleles and genes 
B)  homozygous and heterozygous 
C)  diploid and haploid 
D)  genotype and phenotype

Question 5

Match each term with its correct definition.
-genotype

Accepted Answer

A) displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations 
B) first generation of offspring from a parental cross 
C) true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross 
D) result of a cross between two first-generation organisms 
E) allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
F)allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
G)any organism with two identical copies of an allele
H)any organism with two different forms of an allele
I)F1 heterozygote (for a single trait)
J)genetic makeup of an organism
K)physical traits of an organism
L)likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
M)organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
N)where an allele is found on a chromosome
O)when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
P)alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
Q)several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
R)single allele has multiple phenotypic effects 
A) displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations 
B) first generation of offspring from a parental cross 
C) true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross 
D) result of a cross between two first-generation organisms 
E) allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
F)allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
G)any organism with two identical copies of an allele
H)any organism with two different forms of an allele
I)F1 heterozygote (for a single trait)
J)genetic makeup of an organism
K)physical traits of an organism
L)likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
M)organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
N)where an allele is found on a chromosome
O)when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
P)alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
Q)several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
R)single allele has multiple phenotypic effects

Question 6

Cross-pollination occurs within a single plant while self-pollination occurs between two plants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Suppose that your parents are both heterozygous for sickle cell disease. What is the probability that you will have the disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  25%, whether or not you have siblings 
B)  50%, whether or not you have siblings 
C)  75%, whether or not you have siblings 
D)  100%, whether or not you have siblings 
A)  25%, whether or not you have siblings 
B)  50%, whether or not you have siblings 
C)  75%, whether or not you have siblings 
D)  100%, whether or not you have siblings

Question 8

Which of the following phenotypic ratios would be expected to result from a dihybrid cross?

Accepted Answer

A)  3:1 
B)  9:3:1 
C)  9:3:3:1 
D)  9:3:4 
A)  3:1 
B)  9:3:1 
C)  9:3:3:1 
D)  9:3:4

Question 9

Match each term with its correct definition.
-locus

Accepted Answer

A) displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations 
B) first generation of offspring from a parental cross 
C) true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross 
D) result of a cross between two first-generation organisms 
E) allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
F)allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
G)any organism with two identical copies of an allele
H)any organism with two different forms of an allele
I)F1 heterozygote (for a single trait)
J)genetic makeup of an organism
K)physical traits of an organism
L)likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
M)organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
N)where an allele is found on a chromosome
O)when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
P)alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
Q)several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
R)single allele has multiple phenotypic effects 
A) displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations 
B) first generation of offspring from a parental cross 
C) true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross 
D) result of a cross between two first-generation organisms 
E) allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
F)allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
G)any organism with two identical copies of an allele
H)any organism with two different forms of an allele
I)F1 heterozygote (for a single trait)
J)genetic makeup of an organism
K)physical traits of an organism
L)likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
M)organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
N)where an allele is found on a chromosome
O)when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
P)alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
Q)several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
R)single allele has multiple phenotypic effects

Question 10

Match each term with its correct definition.
-phenotype

Accepted Answer

A) displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations 
B) first generation of offspring from a parental cross 
C) true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross 
D) result of a cross between two first-generation organisms 
E) allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
F)allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
G)any organism with two identical copies of an allele
H)any organism with two different forms of an allele
I)F1 heterozygote (for a single trait)
J)genetic makeup of an organism
K)physical traits of an organism
L)likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
M)organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
N)where an allele is found on a chromosome
O)when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
P)alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
Q)several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
R)single allele has multiple phenotypic effects 
A) displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations 
B) first generation of offspring from a parental cross 
C) true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross 
D) result of a cross between two first-generation organisms 
E) allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
F)allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
G)any organism with two identical copies of an allele
H)any organism with two different forms of an allele
I)F1 heterozygote (for a single trait)
J)genetic makeup of an organism
K)physical traits of an organism
L)likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
M)organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
N)where an allele is found on a chromosome
O)when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
P)alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
Q)several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
R)single allele has multiple phenotypic effects

Question 11

Which of the following mathematical expressions represents the product rule, leading to the conclusion that both event X and event Y are occurring?

Accepted Answer

A)  P = X2Y2 
B)  P = XY 
C)  P = X + Y 
D)  P = X2 + Y2 
A)  P = X2Y2 
B)  P = XY 
C)  P = X + Y 
D)  P = X2 + Y2

Question 12

Which of the following is a dihybrid cross?

Accepted Answer

A)  RrMM × Rrmm 
B)  RRMM × rrmm 
C)  rrMM × RRmm 
D)  RrMm × RrMm 
A)  RrMM × Rrmm 
B)  RRMM × rrmm 
C)  rrMM × RRmm 
D)  RrMm × RrMm

Question 13

Match each term with its correct definition.
-recessive

Accepted Answer

A) displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations 
B) first generation of offspring from a parental cross 
C) true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross 
D) result of a cross between two first-generation organisms 
E) allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
F)allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
G)any organism with two identical copies of an allele
H)any organism with two different forms of an allele
I)F1 heterozygote (for a single trait)
J)genetic makeup of an organism
K)physical traits of an organism
L)likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
M)organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
N)where an allele is found on a chromosome
O)when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
P)alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
Q)several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
R)single allele has multiple phenotypic effects 
A) displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations 
B) first generation of offspring from a parental cross 
C) true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross 
D) result of a cross between two first-generation organisms 
E) allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
F)allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
G)any organism with two identical copies of an allele
H)any organism with two different forms of an allele
I)F1 heterozygote (for a single trait)
J)genetic makeup of an organism
K)physical traits of an organism
L)likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
M)organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
N)where an allele is found on a chromosome
O)when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
P)alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
Q)several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
R)single allele has multiple phenotypic effects

Question 14

Match each term with its correct definition.
-polygenic inheritance

Accepted Answer

A) displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations 
B) first generation of offspring from a parental cross 
C) true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross 
D) result of a cross between two first-generation organisms 
E) allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
F)allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
G)any organism with two identical copies of an allele
H)any organism with two different forms of an allele
I)F1 heterozygote (for a single trait)
J)genetic makeup of an organism
K)physical traits of an organism
L)likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
M)organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
N)where an allele is found on a chromosome
O)when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
P)alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
Q)several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
R)single allele has multiple phenotypic effects 
A) displayed traits are unchanged over multiple generations 
B) first generation of offspring from a parental cross 
C) true-breeding organisms used in the initial cross 
D) result of a cross between two first-generation organisms 
E) allele that is expressed no matter what other allele is present
F)allele that is expressed only if two identical copies are present
G)any organism with two identical copies of an allele
H)any organism with two different forms of an allele
I)F1 heterozygote (for a single trait)
J)genetic makeup of an organism
K)physical traits of an organism
L)likelihood of something occurring if the occurrence is a matter of chance
M)organism that is heterozygous for two different traits
N)where an allele is found on a chromosome
O)when one allele cannot completely mask the effects of another allele
P)alleles at one locus mask the expression of alleles at a different locus
Q)several different genes contribute to a particular phenotype
R)single allele has multiple phenotypic effects

Question 15

Mendel crossed true-breeding plants that had yellow peas with plants that had green peas. The resulting plants all had yellow peas. An F1 cross resulted in three-quarters of the plants having yellow peas and one-quarter of the plants having green peas. What does this tell you about the alleles for colour?

Accepted Answer

A)  Green was the dominant colour. 
B)  Yellow was the recessive colour. 
C)  Yellow was the dominant colour. 
D)  Yellow was usually the dominant colour, but sometimes green could be dominant. 
A)  Green was the dominant colour. 
B)  Yellow was the recessive colour. 
C)  Yellow was the dominant colour. 
D)  Yellow was usually the dominant colour, but sometimes green could be dominant.

Question 16

Explain why Mendel's work was so ground breaking.

Accepted Answer

Mendel applied both the scientific metho

Question 17

Suppose that mother has albinism, which is a recessive trait. Suppose also that your father has cystic fibrosis, which is also caused by a recessive trait. And you learn that your father-in-law has albinism and cystic fibrosis. What is the probability that your first child will NOT have either albinism or cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 in 16 
B)  1 in 8 
C)  3 in 8 
D)  2 in 5 
A)  1 in 16 
B)  1 in 8 
C)  3 in 8 
D)  2 in 5

Question 18

Suppose that a pink snapdragon (CRCW) is crossed with a white snapdragon (CWCW). What percentage of the progeny will be red?

Accepted Answer

A)  75% 
B)  50% 
C)  25% 
D)  0% 
A)  75% 
B)  50% 
C)  25% 
D)  0%

Question 19

Match the examples listed below to the following five types of allele interactions.
-Labrador retrievers have three colours of fur due to this allele interaction.

Accepted Answer

A) dominance 
B) incomplete dominance 
C) codominance 
D) epistasis 
E) polygenic inheritance 
A) dominance 
B) incomplete dominance 
C) codominance 
D) epistasis 
E) polygenic inheritance

Question 20

Match the examples listed below to the following five types of allele interactions.
-Snapdragons have two alleles and three colours due to this.

Accepted Answer

A) dominance 
B) incomplete dominance 
C) codominance 
D) epistasis 
E) polygenic inheritance 
A) dominance 
B) incomplete dominance 
C) codominance 
D) epistasis 
E) polygenic inheritance

Exam 9: The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelian Inheritance

Match each term with its correct definition. -probability

Which of the following mathematical expressions represents the sum rule, which can be used to determine the probability of either event X or event Y occurring if they CANNOT occur simultaneously? (In the equations below, Px means probability of event X; Py means probability of event Y.)

Suppose you have type A blood (genotype IAi). To whom can you safely donate blood?

Mendel studied what he called characters and traits. What terms do we use today that have the same meaning?

Match each term with its correct definition. -genotype

Cross-pollination occurs within a single plant while self-pollination occurs between two plants.

Suppose that your parents are both heterozygous for sickle cell disease. What is the probability that you will have the disorder?

Which of the following phenotypic ratios would be expected to result from a dihybrid cross?

Match each term with its correct definition. -locus

Match each term with its correct definition. -phenotype

Which of the following mathematical expressions represents the product rule, leading to the conclusion that both event X and event Y are occurring?

Which of the following is a dihybrid cross?

Match each term with its correct definition. -recessive

Match each term with its correct definition. -polygenic inheritance

Explain why Mendel's work was so ground breaking.

Suppose that a pink snapdragon (CRCW) is crossed with a white snapdragon (CWCW). What percentage of the progeny will be red?

Match the examples listed below to the following five types of allele interactions. -Labrador retrievers have three colours of fur due to this allele interaction.

Match the examples listed below to the following five types of allele interactions. -Snapdragons have two alleles and three colours due to this.

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

Genetic Linkage, Sex-Linkage, and Other Non-Mendelian Inheritance Mechanisms

DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair

Gene Structure Expression, and Mutation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

Systematics and Phylogenetics: Revealing the Tree of Life

Humans and Evolution

Defining Life and Its Origins

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Conservation of Biodiversity

Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Animal Behaviour

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Internal Transport: the Circulatory System

Regulation of the Internal Environment: Water, Solutes, and Temperature

Control of Animal Processes: Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Filters

Which of the following mathematical expressions represents the sum rule, which can be used to determine the probability of either event X or event Y occurring if they CANNOT occur simultaneously? (In the equations below, P_x means probability of event X; P_y means probability of event Y.)

Suppose you have type A blood (genotype I^Ai). To whom can you safely donate blood?

Suppose that a pink snapdragon (C^RC^W) is crossed with a white snapdragon (C^WC^W). What percentage of the progeny will be red?