Question 1

How is the NO pathway manipulated by Viagra to treat erectile dysfunction? ​

Accepted Answer

A) NO synthesis is decreased 
B) NO synthesis is increased 
C) the enzyme catalyzed by NO is stabilized 
D) the enzyme catalyzed by NO is inhibited 
E) the breakdown of cGMP is inhibited 
A) NO synthesis is decreased 
B) NO synthesis is increased 
C) the enzyme catalyzed by NO is stabilized 
D) the enzyme catalyzed by NO is inhibited 
E) the breakdown of cGMP is inhibited

Question 2

Match between columns
                        Premises: paracrine regulation

Accepted Answer

The Answer of  b and  c and  is...

Question 3

Match between columns
                        Premises: autocrine regulation

Accepted Answer

The Answer of  a and  b and  is...

Question 4

Match between columns
                        Premises: mediation of the fight-or-flight response by epinephrine

Accepted Answer

The Answer of  c and  d and  is...

Question 5

In general, a cell receiving a message undergoes three stages of cell signaling. What are these stages? ​

Accepted Answer

A) paracrine, autocrine, and local 
B) signal reception, signal transduction, and cellular response 
C) signal reception, nucleus disintegration, and apoptosis 
D) signal reception, cellular response, and cell division 
E) the alpha, beta, and gamma 
A) paracrine, autocrine, and local 
B) signal reception, signal transduction, and cellular response 
C) signal reception, nucleus disintegration, and apoptosis 
D) signal reception, cellular response, and cell division 
E) the alpha, beta, and gamma

Question 6

Steroid hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, are polar signaling molecules

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In the liver, the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase catalyzes the breakdown of glucose.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The evolution of which class of molecules played an important role in the development of multicellular organisms? ​

Accepted Answer

A) G proteins 
B) protein kinases 
C) second messengers 
D) ligand-gated ion channels 
E) steroid hormones 
A) G proteins 
B) protein kinases 
C) second messengers 
D) ligand-gated ion channels 
E) steroid hormones

Question 9

Amplification of a signal increases as the ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) number of enzyme-catalyzed steps increases 
B) number of enzyme-catalyzed steps decreases 
C) volume of the cell increases 
D) volume of the cell decreases 
E) rate of reaction of the rate-limiting reaction increases 
A) number of enzyme-catalyzed steps increases 
B) number of enzyme-catalyzed steps decreases 
C) volume of the cell increases 
D) volume of the cell decreases 
E) rate of reaction of the rate-limiting reaction increases

Question 10

Match between columns
                        Premises: communication used by neurotransmitters acting on neuron across a synapse

Accepted Answer

The Answer of  a and  b and  is...

Question 11

Match between columns
                        Premises: defects in this receptor type can lead to diabetes and dwarfism

Accepted Answer

The Answer of receptor tyrosine kinase and nitric oxide and is...

Question 12

Adjacent plant cells utilize ____ to rapidly communicate with each other. ​

Accepted Answer

A) gap junctions 
B) plasmodesmata 
C) transport proteins 
D) desmosomes 
E) neurotransmitters 
A) gap junctions 
B) plasmodesmata 
C) transport proteins 
D) desmosomes 
E) neurotransmitters

Question 13

You have recently identified a molecule you believe to be a signaling molecule associated with signal transduction. All you know about this molecule is that it is hydrophilic; therefore, you expect it to interact with a receptor ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) on the cell surface 
B) within the cytoplasm of the cell 
C) in the nucleus of the cell 
D) on the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane 
E) associated with the endoplasmic reticulum 
A) on the cell surface 
B) within the cytoplasm of the cell 
C) in the nucleus of the cell 
D) on the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane 
E) associated with the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

What is the second step of signal transduction? ​

Accepted Answer

A) reception 
B) transduction 
C) differentiation 
D) division 
E) response 
A) reception 
B) transduction 
C) differentiation 
D) division 
E) response

Question 15

Neurotransmitters are molecules released by ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) gonads 
B) polar hormones 
C) peptide hormones 
D) cells in the blood 
E) neurons 
A) gonads 
B) polar hormones 
C) peptide hormones 
D) cells in the blood 
E) neurons

Question 16

In the process of quorum sensing, bacteria release signaling molecules in ____ concentrations as cell density ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) increasing; decreases 
B) increasing; increases 
C) decreasing; increases 
D) decreasing; decreases 
E) constant; increases 
A) increasing; decreases 
B) increasing; increases 
C) decreasing; increases 
D) decreasing; decreases 
E) constant; increases

Question 17

During autophosphorylation, RTKs add phosphate groups to which amino acids? ​

Accepted Answer

A) serine 
B) glycine 
C) threonine 
D) tryptophan 
E) tyrosine 
A) serine 
B) glycine 
C) threonine 
D) tryptophan 
E) tyrosine

Question 18

An example of a nonpolar signaling molecule is ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) epinephrine 
B) insulin 
C) testosterone 
D) growth factors 
E) neurotransmitters 
A) epinephrine 
B) insulin 
C) testosterone 
D) growth factors 
E) neurotransmitters

Question 19

Nitric oxide (NO)binds to an ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) internal receptor and activates a second messenger cascade 
B) internal receptor and triggers a phosphorylation cascade 
C) external receptor and activates a second messenger cascade 
D) external receptor and triggers a phosphorylation cascade 
E) external receptor and opens a ligand-gated ion channel. 
A) internal receptor and activates a second messenger cascade 
B) internal receptor and triggers a phosphorylation cascade 
C) external receptor and activates a second messenger cascade 
D) external receptor and triggers a phosphorylation cascade 
E) external receptor and opens a ligand-gated ion channel.

Question 20

The last protein in a signaling pathway is called the ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) target protein 
B) final acceptor 
C) electron acceptor 
D) second messenger 
E) effector protein 
A) target protein 
B) final acceptor 
C) electron acceptor 
D) second messenger 
E) effector protein

Exam 9: Cell Communication

How is the NO pathway manipulated by Viagra to treat erectile dysfunction? ​

In general, a cell receiving a message undergoes three stages of cell signaling. What are these stages? ​

Steroid hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, are polar signaling molecules

In the liver, the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase catalyzes the breakdown of glucose.

The evolution of which class of molecules played an important role in the development of multicellular organisms? ​

Amplification of a signal increases as the ____. ​

Adjacent plant cells utilize ____ to rapidly communicate with each other. ​

You have recently identified a molecule you believe to be a signaling molecule associated with signal transduction. All you know about this molecule is that it is hydrophilic; therefore, you expect it to interact with a receptor ____. ​

What is the second step of signal transduction? ​

Neurotransmitters are molecules released by ____. ​

In the process of quorum sensing, bacteria release signaling molecules in ____ concentrations as cell density ____. ​

During autophosphorylation, RTKs add phosphate groups to which amino acids? ​

An example of a nonpolar signaling molecule is ____. ​

Nitric oxide (NO)binds to an ____. ​

The last protein in a signaling pathway is called the ____. ​

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

DNA Structure, Replication, and Organization

From DNA to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technologies: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

How is the NO pathway manipulated by Viagra to treat erectile dysfunction?

In general, a cell receiving a message undergoes three stages of cell signaling. What are these stages?

The evolution of which class of molecules played an important role in the development of multicellular organisms?

Amplification of a signal increases as the ____.

Adjacent plant cells utilize ____ to rapidly communicate with each other.

You have recently identified a molecule you believe to be a signaling molecule associated with signal transduction. All you know about this molecule is that it is hydrophilic; therefore, you expect it to interact with a receptor ____.

What is the second step of signal transduction?

Neurotransmitters are molecules released by ____.

In the process of quorum sensing, bacteria release signaling molecules in concentrations as cell density .

During autophosphorylation, RTKs add phosphate groups to which amino acids?

An example of a nonpolar signaling molecule is ____.

Nitric oxide (NO)binds to an ____.

The last protein in a signaling pathway is called the ____.