Question 1

Which organism has the largest number of protein-coding genes? ​

Accepted Answer

A) E. coli (bacteria)​ 
B) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) 
C) Homo sapiens (human) 
D) Oryza sativa (rice) 
E) Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 
A) E. coli (bacteria)​ 
B) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) 
C) Homo sapiens (human) 
D) Oryza sativa (rice) 
E) Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)

Question 2

Match between columns
                        Premises: proteome

Accepted Answer

The Answer of The proteins that can be expressed by is...

Question 3

Match between columns
                        Premises: A method for sequencing 10 million DNA fragments simultaneously.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Whole-genome shotgun sequencing and Sanger sequencing and is...

Question 4

In humans, the majority of a transcription unit is composed of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) exons 
B) introns 
C) promoter regions ​ 
D) start codons 
E) regulatory elements 
A) exons 
B) introns 
C) promoter regions ​ 
D) start codons 
E) regulatory elements

Question 5

Explain how proteomics is considered by some to be even more important than genome sequencing. ​

Accepted Answer

There are limits to what genome sequenci

Question 6

During a DNA sequencing experiment, the researcher adds all the required components to the reaction but accidentally adds only one of the four dideoxynucleotides, the ddC. What products will be observed after this reaction is complete?

Accepted Answer

A) All fragments will end in A. ​ 
B) All fragments will end in C. 
C) All fragments will end in G. 
D) All fragments will end in T. 
E) No fragments will be made. 
A) All fragments will end in A. ​ 
B) All fragments will end in C. 
C) All fragments will end in G. 
D) All fragments will end in T. 
E) No fragments will be made.

Question 7

Through a sequence similarity search, a researcher identifies a gene whose predicted protein product has a putative function of a photosynthesis-enhancing enzyme. Which experimental method could be performed to verify this function? ​

Accepted Answer

A) PCR 
B) an assay measuring photosynthetic productivity 
C) identification of signature genes 
D) DNA microarray 
E) gene knockout 
A) PCR 
B) an assay measuring photosynthetic productivity 
C) identification of signature genes 
D) DNA microarray 
E) gene knockout

Question 8

What are the main differences between the fields of genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics?

Accepted Answer

Genomics is the study of whole genomes a

Question 9

What is directly sequenced in RNA-seq? ​

Accepted Answer

A) protein 
B) transcripts ​ 
C) RNA 
D) DNA 
E) cDNA 
A) protein 
B) transcripts ​ 
C) RNA 
D) DNA 
E) cDNA

Question 10

Gene duplication can result from _____.

Accepted Answer

A) a normal crossover event 
B) exon shuffling ​ 
C) unequal crossing over 
D) a point mutation 
E) alternative splicing 
A) a normal crossover event 
B) exon shuffling ​ 
C) unequal crossing over 
D) a point mutation 
E) alternative splicing

Question 11

Deoxyribonucleotidesare included in the Sanger sequencing reaction mix to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) provide a substrate forRNA polymerase ​ 
B) enhance the activity of the dideoxyribonucleotides 
C) allow longer DNA fragments (up to 300 additional base pairs)to be sequenced 
D) allow the production of multiple DNA fragments of different lengths 
E) prevent the DNA polymerase from making too many errors 
A) provide a substrate forRNA polymerase ​ 
B) enhance the activity of the dideoxyribonucleotides 
C) allow longer DNA fragments (up to 300 additional base pairs)to be sequenced 
D) allow the production of multiple DNA fragments of different lengths 
E) prevent the DNA polymerase from making too many errors

Question 12

Match between columns
                        Premises: Used to decrease a gene's expression to observe the gene's function.

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Gene knockdown and DNA microarray analysis and is...

Question 13

Pharmacogenomics is the study of ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) DNA mutations that decrease well-being ​ 
B) genes that make an organism prone to certain diseases 
C) disease resistance genes in an organism's genome 
D) the antibiotic resistance genes in an organism's genome 
E) the ways in which genes affect an individual's response to drug therapy 
A) DNA mutations that decrease well-being ​ 
B) genes that make an organism prone to certain diseases 
C) disease resistance genes in an organism's genome 
D) the antibiotic resistance genes in an organism's genome 
E) the ways in which genes affect an individual's response to drug therapy

Question 14

Which gene-altering event is most likely to create a new gene encoding a functional protein? ​

Accepted Answer

A) gene duplication followed by small mutations ​ 
B) gene duplication followed by large mutations 
C) exon shuffling 
D) transposition of DNA sequences 
E) inversion of DNA sequences 
A) gene duplication followed by small mutations ​ 
B) gene duplication followed by large mutations 
C) exon shuffling 
D) transposition of DNA sequences 
E) inversion of DNA sequences

Question 15

Genes that are closely related evolutionarily, have the same function, and are present in the genomes oftwo or more different organisms are called _____.

Accepted Answer

A) genologs ​ 
B) heterologs 
C) Paralogs 
D) Metalogs 
E) orthologs 
A) genologs ​ 
B) heterologs 
C) Paralogs 
D) Metalogs 
E) orthologs

Question 16

Protein-coding ORFsare easier to identify in which type of organism? ​

Accepted Answer

A) eukaryotes because they have easily identifiable regulatory regions ​ 
B) eukaryotes because they have fewer introns 
C) prokaryotes because they have few introns 
D) eukaryotes because they have more exons 
E) prokaryotes because they have more exons 
A) eukaryotes because they have easily identifiable regulatory regions ​ 
B) eukaryotes because they have fewer introns 
C) prokaryotes because they have few introns 
D) eukaryotes because they have more exons 
E) prokaryotes because they have more exons

Question 17

Many cancers can be identified based on microarray analysis of _____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) signature genes 
B) genes in red blood cells 
C) mitochondrial DNA 
D) Y chromosome DNA 
E) DNA probes ​ 
A) signature genes 
B) genes in red blood cells 
C) mitochondrial DNA 
D) Y chromosome DNA 
E) DNA probes ​

Question 18

The Human Genome Project completed in 2003 focused on sequencing the genome(s)of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) the mouse only 
B) humans only 
C) bacteria only 
D) humans and prokaryotes only 
E) humans and other model organisms 
A) the mouse only 
B) humans only 
C) bacteria only 
D) humans and prokaryotes only 
E) humans and other model organisms

Question 19

RNAi is commonly used in which experimental strategy?

Accepted Answer

A) gene overexpression 
B) DNA sequencing 
C) gene knockout 
D) gene knockdown 
E) microarray analysis 
A) gene overexpression 
B) DNA sequencing 
C) gene knockout 
D) gene knockdown 
E) microarray analysis

Question 20

What is the difference between a gene knockout and a gene knockdown?

Accepted Answer

A gene knockout is when researchers repl

Exam 19: Genomes and Proteomes

Which organism has the largest number of protein-coding genes? ​

In humans, the majority of a transcription unit is composed of ____.

Explain how proteomics is considered by some to be even more important than genome sequencing. ​

During a DNA sequencing experiment, the researcher adds all the required components to the reaction but accidentally adds only one of the four dideoxynucleotides, the ddC. What products will be observed after this reaction is complete?

Through a sequence similarity search, a researcher identifies a gene whose predicted protein product has a putative function of a photosynthesis-enhancing enzyme. Which experimental method could be performed to verify this function? ​

What are the main differences between the fields of genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics?

What is directly sequenced in RNA-seq? ​

Gene duplication can result from _____.

Deoxyribonucleotidesare included in the Sanger sequencing reaction mix to _____.

Pharmacogenomics is the study of ____. ​

Which gene-altering event is most likely to create a new gene encoding a functional protein? ​

Genes that are closely related evolutionarily, have the same function, and are present in the genomes oftwo or more different organisms are called _____.

Protein-coding ORFsare easier to identify in which type of organism? ​

Many cancers can be identified based on microarray analysis of _____. ​

The Human Genome Project completed in 2003 focused on sequencing the genome(s)of _____.

RNAi is commonly used in which experimental strategy?

What is the difference between a gene knockout and a gene knockdown?

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

DNA Structure, Replication, and Organization

From DNA to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Dna Technologies: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

Which organism has the largest number of protein-coding genes?

Explain how proteomics is considered by some to be even more important than genome sequencing.

Through a sequence similarity search, a researcher identifies a gene whose predicted protein product has a putative function of a photosynthesis-enhancing enzyme. Which experimental method could be performed to verify this function?

What is directly sequenced in RNA-seq?

Pharmacogenomics is the study of ____.

Which gene-altering event is most likely to create a new gene encoding a functional protein?

Protein-coding ORFsare easier to identify in which type of organism?

Many cancers can be identified based on microarray analysis of _____.